In the past two years, Deng Feng has spent almost half of the year in India and Tibetan Province because he is also the director of the "India Special Working Committee." His understanding of Tibetan Province can be said to be much more profound than before.

Tibet Province is a feudal serfdom society with a theocratic system, and it is the most decadent and declining form of society, in which all land and other major means of production are occupied by serf owners, and the vast number of serfs and slaves, who account for more than 90 percent of the region's population, not only have no means of production, but also completely occupy their personal bodies by serf owners. Slave owners were free to dispose of their slaves as they pleased. Cramps, peeling, gouging out the eyes, as long as they want. On the streets of Tibetan provinces, you can see slaves without legs. Needless to say, he must have escaped many times and been chopped up by the slave owner. Because there were many slaves who had their tongues cut off and became mute because of stealing the fruits of the temple or eating the slave owner's house. Slaves were subjected to extremely cruel exploitation and oppression, and the vast number of serfs and slaves lived in hell on earth and struggled on the line of death. The serf owners used the wealth plundered from the serfs and slaves to satisfy their devastated life. This is really a society of individual cannibalism, and if you don't see it with your own eyes, it's really hard to believe it's true.

At present, there is almost no industry in Tibetan Province, agricultural production is in a primitive state, the most advanced is the use of wooden ploughs, wooden rakes to plough the land, the soil turned over is two or three inches, even the grass roots can not be plowed, the soil clods are not broken; In some places, a wooden stick is used to plow the ground, which can only cut through the earth. During the harvest, the slaves plucked their fingers, and the field was almost always coaxing a herd of yaks to step on the field.

But why has this one-country, two-system system existed for a decade in China's history? Why did China, which at that time had no respect for the exploiting class, allow these evil slave owners and the most decadent and declining form of society to survive for ten years in China, a socialist country? It is completely a helpless move by China [***] in this era.

In December 1949, on the international special train from Yanjing to Moscow, the top chief sat upright, looked at the snow outside the car window, and muttered to himself: "Siberia is frozen for thousands of miles, and the same is probably true of Tibetan Province." "On the special train to Moscow, the thoughts of the supreme chief reached the Himalayas from Manchuria, diagonally across the map of China. The issue of Tibetan Province lingers in my mind. Not to mention, just two months before the founding of the People's Republic of China, a small number of pro-imperialist elements in the local government of Tibetan Province, represented by the regent Dazha, secretly colluded with the British, Indian Consul General in Lhasa, Richardson, to take advantage of the fact that the People's Liberation Army had not yet arrived in Tibet and the Kuomintang regime was facing collapse to separate Tibetan Province from China. The 9th Panchen Lama, who had lost peace with the 13th [***] and lived in Qinghai for a long time, sent a telegram of support to Mao ZD and Zhu De when the republic was founded. Due to the intervention of historical, religious, and international reactionary forces, the issue of Tibetan Province was complicated from the very beginning, and it was urgent to resolve the issue of Tibetan Province.

At the sound of the "rattle, rattle" train, Mao ZD sent a telegram to the central authorities on the issue of Tibetan Province: "In order to lose no time in liberating Tibetan Province, cracking down on imperialist aggressive and expansionist ambitions, and promoting the transformation of Tibetan Province into an inward-looking province, it is better to march into Tibetan Province sooner rather than later, and the sooner the sooner the better, otherwise, there will be many dreams at night." ”

The telegram was soon transferred to Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army, of the Northwest Military Region. Peng Dehuai was extremely anxious at this time. Before Mao Zd's visit, he had already sent him a telegram ordering to march into Tibetan Province: The settlement of the Tibetan provincial issue should be completed in the autumn or winter of next year. As it stands, the Northwest Bureau should be entrusted with the primary responsibility, and the Southwest Bureau should be held secondary. Because the war ended earlier in the northwest than in the southwest, the road from Qinghai to Tibet was said by some to be smooth and easy to walk, and the Panchen Lama and his group were in Qinghai. It is impossible to solve the problem of Tibet Province without sending troops, and of course it is necessary to send troops not only to the northwest but also to the southwest.

After receiving an urgent call from the supreme chief, Peng Dehuai, who has always been resolute, hesitated. There is no precedent for the successive armies that have entered Tibet from the northwest to succeed, and under such hasty conditions, how sure can we win? Peng Dehuai, who had a big bubble on his mouth. On December 30, he told the truth: The central government reported [***]: It takes 17 days to cross the Kunlun Mountains from Yutian and Hotan to the Heihe River on the border of Tibet Province and pass from the salt lake. It is said that it takes 40 days to ride from the Heihe River from Salt Lake to Lhasa, and it takes two months to get out of the river. It is difficult to enter Tibet from southern Xinjiang, and special equipment is also needed for aircraft to fly over the Kunlun Mountains. In addition, it is feasible for Hashgar to pack horses through Puli and the eastern belly of the Pamir Plateau, but it is necessary to pass through India and travel eastward into Tibet. The north road is easy to walk, but it is not possible due to political restrictions. If the task of entering Tibet returns to the northwest, it will take two years to settle troops in Hotan, Yutian, and Yushu, build roads, and complete preparations for entering Tibet...... In Moscow's [***], I received Peng Dehuai's telegram and read it several times, and I was very worried. It was impossible to enter Tibet from the northwest, and the only way to march was from the southwest. However, Liu Deng was stationed in the southwest, and his foothold was not stable, and he was currently busy suppressing bandits...... But the international status of Tibetan Province is too important to be won. At 4 a.m. on January 2, 1950, when the guards removed the second ashtray full of cigarette butts, the Supreme Chief handed over the draft telegram to the secretary and sent it back to China as soon as possible. The telegram was addressed to the Central Committee, Peng Dehuai, and forwarded to Xiaoping Bo Chenghelong: Since it is very difficult to march from Qinghai and Xinjiang Province to Tibet Province, the task of marching into Tibet Province and running Tibet Province should be determined to be undertaken by the Southwest Bureau...... I intend that there are no insurmountable difficulties, and we should strive to start our march into Tibet Province in mid-April this year and liberate Tibet Province by October.

In Yucheng Zengjiayan. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping received Mao Zd's telegram and circulated it back and forth twice. Liu Bocheng put his hand in his sleeve, and Deng Xiaoping kept "hissing, hissing" and smoking. Now the two of them are also a little difficult: who to send troops to Tibet Province? They brought in the nine armies under their command one by one, but it was not suitable to pull them out, believing that the Tenth Army had the strongest combat effectiveness, and it was appropriate to send them. However, the commander of the army has been in poor health recently, and it is difficult for him to enter Tibet.

"Let Zhang Guohua of the Eighteenth Army go!" Deng Xiaoping extinguished the cigarette butt and waved his hand to catch the smoke in front of him.

Liu Bocheng smiled happily: "Okay, let's go together again, so let him go." ”

At this time, the Eighteenth Army had almost returned to its place. A large number of cadres have been sent to various parts of southern Sichuan to serve as county and city leaders, political commissar Tan Guansan has already drunk the send-off wine, and is about to go to Zigong City to become secretary of the municipal party committee, and Zhang Guohua himself has also taken office as the first director of the southern Sichuan administrative bureau.

On January 5, 1950, after the telegram of Chief Liu Deng came, Zhang Guohua and the main leaders of each division rushed to Yucheng. As soon as he arrived at Zengjiayan, Liu Bocheng smiled and said, "This time I have entrusted you with a very important, very arduous, and very glorious task. The Party Central Committee [***] decided that the Eighteenth Army should take up the task of liberating Tibetan Province. ”

Deng Xiaoping went on to say: Historically, the use of troops against Tibet has not been resolved many times, and the solution has mostly relied on politics, such as the Tang Dynasty and Fan, and the subsequent use of troops has not been successful. This time, you went to Tibet to eat by policy. Military-political pistol. The number of troops was determined to enter Tibet, and efforts were made to be lean, 10,000 were on the supply line, and the military station line was strengthened.

The news of going to Tibet Province spread in the 18th Army, and the 18th Army seemed to be in a pot. Holy, who's going to hang somewhere. Run. The number of deserters in the troops skyrocketed. In some classes, there are only two squad leaders and deputy squad leaders. In the end, the deputy squad leader also ran away. The company commander instructor was so anxious that he didn't dare to sleep at night and took turns guarding the door. The battalion leaders asked the number of deserters every night. Regarding the unconditional acceptance of the task in front of his superiors, Zhang Guohua said even more bitterly: This glorious army that fought against Lao Jiang did not desert even in such a difficult and cruel environment as advancing into Dabie Mountain. Seemingly overnight, the team changed! Zhang Guohua, who was already young and vigorous, was so angry that he stomped his feet with hatred: "Why are these soldiers so bad? Go, get them all back! ”

The cadres below are waiting for the commander's words. So as soon as the order was issued, the "capture team" attacked from all sides, and in a moment a large number of deserters were tied back. Some of the cadres of the company who were holding their breath pulled off their belts, first banged on the table with a crackle, lectured them for a while, and when they saw that there was no effect, they went to the back of the deserter and on the ass to find the effect.

What made Zhang Guohua most sad was that there were also "deserters" in the cadre ranks. Liu Jieting, who was the former political commissar of the artillery battalion of the 18th Army and later promoted to deputy political commissar of the 154th Regiment of the 52nd Division, was the first to propose to him and Political Commissar Tan that he was not in good health and could not enter Tibet. Zhang Guohua's hands trembled. His eyes sparkled with anger. To tell the truth, this is one of his favorite cadres, knowledgeable, smart and capable. He is ready to promote him to be the political commissar of the 154th regiment, and has concurrently served as the acting secretary of the Yibin County Party Committee. Zhang Guohua was so angry that he spoke upside down: "This Liu Jieting is too bad, I can't imagine him being so bad!" Why is he so bad? I don't want to see him again in my life! ”

"No!" Tan Guansan was also so angry that he smoked, slapped the table and said, "Can't you just be so cheap for him?" Tie him up for me! Not going? I'll tie him up and take him to Tibet! Wherever I go, let the horse drag him there! ”。

Zhang Guohua thought about it again and again, and felt that it was a glorious thing to enter Tibet, and that these people should not be allowed to ruin the reputation of the 18th Army, and stipulated that all deserters were not allowed to go to Tibet, and they should be transferred to the place on the spot. The history of the newly-born republic and the army has cast the word "honor" very brightly, and most people still regard honor as more important than life. No matter where you go, the first thing you do in your organization is to look through your file and look at "Tissue Identification". A deserter is almost equal to a traitor, who wants to recite the name of a deserter and leave the army. That means you won't be able to turn over for the rest of your life. Politically, the "death penalty" is basically announced, so the people who have deserted are anxious, for fear that they will be laid off and leave an indelible stain on themselves or their descendants. Therefore, people who expressed their determination and wrote blood letters came one after another. "Hey, hey, want to go now? It's late! Deserters don't want one! ”

It's hard to get into Tibet in this era! Even if it's hard, you have to get in. This is how the People's Liberation Army (PLA) began, taking the road of marching into Tibetan Province.

On October 6~24, 1950, the Battle of Qamdo was carried out, which basically wiped out the Tibetan army, occupied Qamdo, the political and economic center of eastern Tibet, and opened the way to enter Tibetan Province. In the spring of 1951, under pressure from the People's Liberation Army, the local authorities in Tibetan province sent a special delegation in February. The delegation headed by Ngawang Jigme went to Yanjing to negotiate with representatives of the Central People's Political Axe, and on May 23 reached an "Agreement between the Central People's Political Axe and the Local Political Axe of Tibetan Province on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibetan Province." On May 25, 1951, the Supreme Governor issued an order to march to Tibet Province by separate routes. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) marched peacefully toward Lhasa by two routes, north and south.

With the arrival of the "base" in this era and history, the history of the march to Tibet Province and the history of Tibet Province have also changed, and the good life of the so-called serf owners in the upper echelons of Tibet Province has also come to an end.

As soon as the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended, in March 1951, the first mechanical engineering division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army brought 300 excavators, 400 bulldozers, and 1,000 vehicles exchanged for American prisoners of war into various construction sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Due to the mechanized construction, it took only one and a half years, which is two and a half years less than in history. In August 1952, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway with a total length of 1,937 kilometers from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, Tibet Province was built, which is the highest altitude and longest highway in the world, and it is also the shortest, best and safest highway leading to Tibet Province. The completion of this highway has greatly increased the speed of the People's Liberation Army's entry into Tibet. A steady stream of materials into Tibet. It was delivered to the hands of the troops entering Tibet, and it also enabled the people of Tibet Province to replace the extremely backward mode of transportation that had been carried by people and animals for thousands of years with modern transportation, and opened a new chapter in the development of transportation in Tibetan Province.

Subsequently, this mechanical engineering division, which was particularly capable of fighting, swung its division to the north and began the construction of the more arduous strategic highway from Xinjiang Province to Tibet Province.

In May 1955, the 6th Army Group was divided into 50,000 people: 100 "Destroyer" tanks. 100 "Raider" wheeled armored vehicles, 5000 vehicles of various kinds. 1 army aviation brigade, 15 "Hunter" helicopter gunships. Drove into Tibetan Province and carried out plateau adaptation training along the Xin-Tibet Highway.

At the same time, the Tibet aid detachment of the base's meteorological squadron also carried weather radars into Tibet ahead of schedule and established an air force forward base. Provide meteorological conditions and ground command of air routes for air force units entering Tibet.

The unmanned aerial vehicle brigade (UAV) detachment also entered Tibet to provide timely and accurate ground information and the situation on the Sino-Indian border for our troops in Tibet.

In May 1952, Deng Feng led some comrades of the base's airfield maintenance squadron to aid Tibet, and took the Mi-171 helicopter into Tibet. The Tibet aid detachment and the infrastructure engineering unit that entered Tibet began to build a 4,500-meter-long and 100-meter-wide runway on a grassland in the southwest of Dangxiong County, 90 kilometers from Lhasa City, which was the first runway in Tibet Province.

When the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was completed, they renovated the airport. Make it suitable for modern aircraft take-off and landing. In 1954, the second phase of the renovation project was completed. The First Division of the First Group Army of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, two J-10, 10 MiG-15 modifications, 20 "Falcon" J-1 fighters, and 10 "Saboteur" bombers of the First Regiment entered the Dangxiong Airport in Tibet Province under the leadership of Deputy Division Commander Wang Wei. The 1st Regiment Battalion of the 1st Airborne Division also came to Tibet Province on six "air train" transport planes to conduct training in adapting to the plateau. The 13th Aviation Division, which was reorganized from the Kuomintang Air Force, was also stationed at Qamdo and Ganzi airfields

(To be continued)