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If people study the Book of Songs too much, they will be stupid; If you study the "Book of Shang" too much, you will be arrogant; If you study the "Book of Music" too much, it will be excessive; If "Zhou Yi" is overlearned, it will be superstitious; If you overlearn the "Rites", it will be cumbersome; If you study "Spring and Autumn" too much, you will make trouble. As a common people, if you are gentle and docile, simple and loyal and not stupid, you have really learned the Book of Songs well; If you are familiar with ancient things and are not arrogant, you have really learned the "Book of Shang" well; If you are broad-minded and open-minded and not too excessive, you have really learned the "Book of Music" well; If it is clean and quiet, subtle and not superstitious, it is really good to learn "Zhou Yi"; If it is dignified and respectful and not cumbersome, it is to really learn the "Book of Rites" well; If you are good at rhetoric and narration without making trouble, you will really learn "Spring and Autumn" well.

The so-called Son of Heaven means that the sky is the boss, the earth is the second, and he is the third. Therefore, his morality can match heaven and earth, his grace spreads all things, and his brightness is like the sun and the moon, shining in the sky without missing a corner. At the court, he spoke about the rites of benevolence and sanctity; After retiring from the dynasty, you must listen to the joy of peace and tranquility; When walking, the peiyu on his body makes rhythmic sounds; When I boarded the bus, Luanyu on the car made a pleasant sound. Both the ascending and retiring dynasties are acting according to etiquette; There are certain rules for walking and boarding; All officials have their own place, and everything is in order.

The Book of Songs says: Our monarch is a benevolent gentleman, and his words and deeds are never out of shape. Because his words and deeds are never out of shape, he is a good example for the countries of the Quartet. That's what happened. The Son of Heaven gave orders and the people wholeheartedly supported them, which is called harmony; The upper and lower love each other, this is called benevolence; The people can get what they want without opening their mouths, and this is called faith; Eliminating natural disasters for the people** is called righteousness. Righteousness and faith, harmony and benevolence are the tools for hegemony and kingship. If you have the will to be the king, but you don't have the tools to be the king, you will not be able to achieve your goal.

Governing the country with Lilly is like using scales to weigh weights, using rope and ink to draw curves and straight lines, and using rules to draw squares and circles. Therefore, if the scale is hung seriously, it will not be able to deceive people whether it is light or heavy; If you put the rope and ink there carefully, you can't deceive people if it's a curve or a straight line; If you set up the rules carefully, you can't deceive people if it's square or round; If a gentleman understands courtesy, then no treacherous tricks can deceive people. Therefore, those who attach importance to etiquette and follow etiquette are called people of the Tao; Those who do not attach importance to etiquette and do not follow etiquette are called people without Taoism.

The use of rituals is precious, and if the rituals are applied to the temple, everyone will be respectful; If the etiquette is applied to the court, there will be a difference between the high and the low; If the etiquette is applied to the family, father and son will be close to each other and brothers will be harmonious; When the rites are applied to the township, an atmosphere of respecting the old and loving the young will be formed. Confucius said: To govern the people in peace, do not be good at courtesy. That's what it means.

Therefore, the Hajj rite was established to indicate the status between the king and the minister; The etiquette of appointment was formulated to make the princes respect each other; The funeral rites were established to show that the courtiers should not forget the kindness of the prince; The township drinking ceremony was formulated, which was used to show the principle of respecting the elderly; The marriage ceremony for men and women was established to show the difference between men and women. Rites can be used to remove the source of trouble, just as a levee can prevent flooding. Therefore, if the earlier embankment is considered useless and destroyed, it will inevitably lead to flooding; Thinking that the rituals of the old generation are useless and abandoned will definitely lead to chaos.

Therefore, if the marriage ceremony between men and women is abandoned, the relationship between husband and wife will be destroyed, and there will be many bad things about adulteration and customs; The ritual of drinking in the abandoned township will lead to more lawsuits between people who are neither old nor young, and fight with each other; Abandoning the funeral rites will lead the courtiers to forget the kindness of the king, and there will be more people who betray the dead and forget their ancestors; The abandonment of courtiers and courtiers will lead to the loss of status between the monarch and the courtiers, the bad behavior of the princes, and the chaos of betraying the monarch and invading each other will arise.

Therefore, the edifying effect of ritual begins from the invisible place, and its prohibition of evil begins when evil is in the bud, and it makes people unconsciously abandon evil and promote good day by day, so the first kings attached great importance to it. The Book of Changes says: A gentleman attaches great importance to the beginning of things. What starts out as a small mistake can lead to great harm. That's what I'm talking about.

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(27) Mourning asked

Confucius said: What is the matter with the great rites? When a gentleman talks about etiquette, why is his attitude so respectful? Confucius replied: I, Confucius, am just an ordinary person, and I am not qualified to talk about etiquette. Wai Gong said: You're welcome, please talk about it. Confucius said: I have heard that the most important thing in a person's life is etiquette. Without courtesy, it is impossible to worship the ghosts and gods between heaven and earth according to certain rules; Without courtesy, it is impossible to distinguish the status of the monarch and the minister, the upper and lower, the elder and the younger; Without courtesy, it is impossible to distinguish between men and women, fathers and sons, and brothers, as well as the thickness of friendship between in-laws and friends; Because of this, when the gentleman talks about etiquette, he is very respectful. He did what he could to teach the people so that they would not lose time in their manners.

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