When Confucius and the musicians of the Lu State talked about the principle of playing music, they said: The principle of playing music is actually obvious, from the beginning of the performance, to the ensemble of various instruments, the sound will slowly become beautiful; As the music continues to unfold, the whole slowly becomes melodious and melodious, but the syllables are distinct and continuous, and the last piece is played. Once, when the governor of this place wanted to ask to see Confucius, the chief said, "I have never failed to see any gentleman who comes to me; Later, Confucius's students took him to meet Confucius; After the chief and Confucius talked for a while, he said to Confucius's students with joy: "Why should you all worry about not having an official position? There has been no way in the world for a long time, and God will use Confucius as a saint to save the world.

Confucius praised the music and dance of "Shao", and he thought that its art form was very beautiful and the content was also very good; When talking about the music and dance of "Wu", he thinks that its art form is beautiful, but the content is slightly worse. Confucius said: I really can't stand the fact that people in a ruling position can't be lenient to others, they don't even pay their respects seriously, and they don't mourn when they attend funerals.

(4) "Liren Chapter"

The Liren Chapter, the fourth part of the Analects, consists of 26 chapters, the main content of which deals with the relationship between righteousness and profit, the moral cultivation of individuals, the issue of honoring one's parents, and the difference between a gentleman and a villain. This article contains many important categories, principles, and theories of Confucianism, which have had a great influence on later generations.

It is good to live with virtuous people, but if we choose a place that is not with virtuous people, how can we say that you are wise? A person who does not have benevolence cannot live in poverty for a long time, nor can he live in happiness for a long time. Benevolence is content with benevolence, and wise people abide by benevolence because they know that benevolence is beneficial to them. Only those who are virtuous can truly love and hate others. If a person is determined to be benevolent, then he will not do any more bad things.

Wealth and nobility are what everyone wants, but if you don't get them in the right way, you don't know how to enjoy them. Poverty and lowliness are hated by all, but if you don't get rid of them in the right way, you will never be able to get rid of them. If a gentleman deviates from benevolence, how can he be called a gentleman? A gentleman will not deviate from benevolence even at the time of a meal, and even at the most urgent moment, he will act according to the standard of benevolence, and even when he is displaced, he will strictly abide by benevolence.

I have not met anyone who is truly a lover of benevolence, nor have I seen anyone who truly hates unkindness; Of course, a lover of benevolence is the best; When a person who is disgusted with unkindness practices benevolence, he will not let the unkind person affect him. Can anyone spend an entire day devoting their energies to practicing benevolence? I have yet to meet a person who is not energetic because of the practice of benevolence! There may be people who can practice benevolence all day long, but I haven't seen it yet! The mistakes people make are always of the same nature as the mistakes made by their group. By examining the mistakes made by a person, we can see whether he is virtuous or not.

I have always had this attitude towards the Tao: if I get the Tao in the morning, I will be willing to die that night. A scholar who aspires to learn and practice the teachings of the saints, but is always ashamed that he is not well fed and clothed, is not worthy of my talk with him. A gentleman has no fixed affinity for people and things in the world, he just acts according to the standard of righteousness. What the gentleman misses is always morality, and what the villain misses is always that little thing in the countryside; The gentleman thinks about the legal system, and the villain thinks about favors. Acting in pursuit of profit will incur more resentment. If the country can be governed by the principle of comity, then there is no difficulty at all; If the country cannot be governed by the principle of comity, how can etiquette be practiced?

I'm not afraid that I don't have an official position, I'm afraid that I haven't learned anything that can stand; I don't worry about people not knowing me, I just want to be someone who is really talented and worthy of being known. When Confucius taught Zeng Tzu, he said: Zeng Shen, the sermon I preach is carried out by a basic thought; Zeng Zi replied: What the Master said is very true; After Confucius went out, the students asked Zengzi: What did the master mean by what he said just now? Zeng Zi replied: The teacher's way is loyalty and forgiveness. Confucius said: A gentleman understands righteousness, and a villain only knows small profits. When we see a sage, we should learn from him. When you see someone who is not virtuous, you should reflect on yourself to see if you have any mistakes similar to them.

When serving their parents, if there is something wrong with them, they should persuade them tactfully. If you see that your parents are unwilling to listen, you must be respectful to them as usual, do not disobey them, and work for them without resentment. When your parents are alive, don't go away; If you have to go far away, you must also have a certain place. When his father was alive, because he had no right to act independently, his ambitions were to be observed; After his father's death, it was time to examine his actions; If he persists in his father's reasonable part for a long time without changing it, then such a person can be said to have fulfilled his filial piety.

We must not be aware of the age of our parents and we must always keep them in mind, on the one hand, we are happy for their longevity, and on the other hand, we must be afraid of their aging. The ancients did not speak easily, because they thought it was a shameful thing to say it and not be able to do it. Discipline yourself with courtesy, and there will be fewer people who make mistakes. A gentleman should be cautious in his words and quick in his actions. A moral person will not be isolated, and there will definitely be people with the same thoughts to get along with him. Sub-lobbied: If it is too tedious to serve the monarch, you will be insulted; If you treat your friends too much, you will be alienated.

(5) "Gongye Long Story"

There are a total of 28 chapters in the "Gongye Long Story", and the content is mainly about benevolence. In the Analects, Confucius and his disciples explored the characteristics of benevolence from various perspectives. In addition, there are some famous sentences such as "rotten wood cannot be carved, and the walls of dung cannot be painted", "listen to his words, but also depend on his actions", "talented and intelligent but eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask others for simple questions", "be cautious and careful in doing things", etc., all of which have had a great influence on later generations.