Confucius commented on Gongye Chang like this: You can marry his daughter to him, although he is in prison, it is not his sin; Later, Confucius married his daughter to Gongye Chang. When Confucius commented on Nanrong, he said: When the country has a way, he has an official, and when the country has no way, he can also be exempted from punishment; So Confucius married his niece to him. Confucius's evaluation of Zibei is: This person is really a gentleman! If there is no gentleman in the country of Lu, where did he learn these virtues?

Zigong asked Confucius: How do you feel about me as a person? Confucius said, "You! It's like an instrument; Zigong asked again: What kind of utensils do you dare to ask? Confucius said: Hu Lian. (Hulian is a vessel used to hold food and other sacrifices in the temple, usually made of jade, as a metaphor for the precious talent of governing the country and securing the country; Confucius once said earlier that a gentleman is not a weapon, that is, a gentleman is not only useful in a certain aspect, although Zigong has not reached the level of a gentleman, but he has also become the most outstanding one among ordinary people, and he is not far from a gentleman. ）

Someone said to Confucius: Ran Yong is a man who is benevolent but not good at words; Confucius said: Why is it necessary to be able to speak well? Relying on sharp teeth to debate with others, often incurring the disgust of others, I don't know if Ran Yong has achieved benevolence, but you really don't need to be so eloquent. Confucius wanted Qi Diao Kai to be an official, and Qi Diao Kai replied: Master, I don't have much confidence in being an official now; Confucius was very happy when he heard this. Confucius said: If my ideas do not work in society, I will take a raft to the sea, and the only thing that can follow me is probably Zilu! Zilu was very happy when he heard this; Confucius then went on to say: Because Zilu is a man who surpasses me in good courage, he has no other talents.

Meng Wubo asked Confucius: Has Zilu been benevolent? Confucius replied: I don't know; Seeing that Confucius did not answer properly, Meng Wubo asked again; Confucius then replied: Zilu, in a country with a thousand military chariots, you can let him manage the military, but I really don't know if he has done benevolence; Meng Wubo then asked: Then how do you feel about Ran You? Confucius replied: Ran has this man, and he can be the chief of a public estate with a thousand households, or a quarry with a hundred military chariots, but I don't know if he has achieved benevolence; Meng Wubo asked again: What about Gong Xichi? Confucius replied: Gongxi Chi, you can let him stand in the court in a ceremonial dress to receive VIPs, but I don't know if he has done benevolence.

Confucius asked Zigong: Who do you feel better than Yan Hui? Zigong replied: How dare I compare with Yan Hui? Yan replied that when he heard one thing, he could deduce ten things; As for me, if I know one thing, I can infer two things at most; After hearing this, Confucius replied: Yes, you are indeed inferior to him, and I agree with you. Zai Yu slept in Confucius's house during the day, and Confucius said helplessly: rotten wood cannot be carved, and the walls of dung walls cannot be painted; What's the use of blaming this man? At first, I listened to what he said and believed his deeds. Now I have to listen not only to what he says, but also to observe his behavior, and Zai Yu has changed the way I observe people.

Confucius said, "I have not seen a strong man!" Someone replied: Shen Fang is a strong person; Confucius said: Shen Feng is too many people, how can he be regarded as a strong person? Zigong said: I don't want others to impose on me, and I don't want to impose it on others; After hearing this, Confucius said: Zigong! I guess you won't be able to do that. Zigong commented on Confucius: The knowledge of etiquette, music, and books taught by the teacher can be learned by ear alone; The things that the teacher talks about human nature and the way of heaven cannot be learned by ears alone. When Zilu learns the truth, when he learns a truth but has not been able to practice it himself, he is afraid that he will learn a new truth.

Zigong asked Confucius: Why did Confucius give him the nickname "Wen" after his death? Confucius replied: He was gifted and intelligent but loved to learn, and was not ashamed to ask others very low-end and simple questions, this kind of learning spirit is commendable, so later generations gave him the nickname of "Wen". Confucius commented on the child: He has the four virtues of a gentleman, he behaves solemnly, serves the monarch respectfully, protects the people with kindness, and uses the law to serve the people. Confucius said: Yan Zi is very good at making friends with people, and after a long time, everyone still respects him very much.

Confucius said: Zang Wenzhong hid a big turtle in his house, and the bucket arch of the turtle house was carved into the shape of a mountain, and the short pillar was also painted with a pattern of aquatic plants. (Zang Wenzhong was called a "wise man" at the time, but he didn't care about etiquette, and regardless of the rules of Zhou etiquette, he even built a large house of Tibetan turtles and decorated it in the style of the temple of the Son of Heaven, which in Confucius's view was an act of transgressing etiquette, so Confucius accused him of being unkind and unwise.) ）

Zizhang asked Confucius for advice: Ling Yin Ziwen was the prime minister of Chu several times, but he was not happy when he took office; He was deposed several times, and there was no resentment when he was recalled; Every time he was dismissed, the first thing he did was to tell the new prime minister all his political affairs; Master, how do you feel about this person? After hearing this, Confucius replied: He can be regarded as loyal. Zizhang then asked: Is this considered benevolence? Confucius replied: I don't know, how can this be considered benevolence?

Zizhang asked Confucius for advice: After Cui Zhu killed his monarch Qi Zhuanggong, Chen Wenzi abandoned his family's forty horses and left the Qi Kingdom. Later, he went to another country, and after learning about the local situation, he said that the ruler here is similar to our Qi country's great doctor, Cui Fuzi. Then he left this country and went to another country, which disappointed him again and finally chose to leave. Master, how do you feel about Chen Wenzi? Confucius replied: It can be regarded as a clear and high. Zizhang then asked: Can it be said to be benevolent? Confucius replied: I don't know, how can this be considered benevolence?

Ji Wenzi had to think about it many times before doing something, and when Confucius heard it, he said: Just think twice. Confucius said: Ning Wuzi, when the country has a way, he is very smart, and when the country has no way, he begins to pretend to be stupid; His kind of cleverness can be done by others, but his kind of pretending to be stupid can't be done by others. Confucius traveled around to the state of Chen, but there was still no king to appoint him, and he sighed: I should go back! The children of my hometown are now all ambitious, but their actions are rash and simple, they are talented but they don't know how to control themselves, and they need my teaching. Confucius said: Bo Yi and Shu Qi never remember the past hatred with others, so there is less resentment from others towards them.