Zisi's son, Zishang's biological mother, died, but Zishang did not wear filial piety clothes for her. Zisi's protégé was puzzled, so he asked Zisi to say: In the past, did your father bring filial piety to his biological mother? Zisi replied: With filial piety. The doorman asked: Then you don't let your son hang filial piety for his biological mother, what is the reason? Confucius's grandson Si replied, "My father's actions in the past were not rude; According to etiquette, when the specification should be raised, it will be raised, and when the specification should be lowered, it will be reduced; How dare I, Kong Ling, compare with my father? My principle is: as long as it is my Kong Ling's wife, she will naturally be Ah Bai's mother; As long as it is not my Kong Ling's wife, it is naturally not Ah Bai's mother. Therefore, the people of the Kong family do not hang filial piety for their biological mother, they start from Zisi.

Confucius said: During the three-year mourning period, there are two ways to worship a filial son; One is to bow first and then prostrate, which highlights the respect for the guests, which is prostrate; One is to kowtow first and then bow, which highlights the sorrow of the filial son, which is the most reasonable; The three-year mourning period should emphasize the feeling of grief and sadness, so I am in favor of the latter worship.

After Confucius finally buried his parents together in the defensive ground, he said: I have heard that in ancient times, no soil was stored in the cemetery for graves; Now I'm a guy who travels around, and I can't go without a sign. So he gathered up earth on the tomb, four feet high. Confucius first returned home from the cemetery, and the disciples were still taking care of the cemetery, and after a heavy rain, the disciples arrived home. Confucius asked them, "Why did you come back so late?" The disciples replied, "The curtain of the defense has collapsed because of the rain, and we are building a tomb there." Confucius did not make a sound. The disciples thought that Confucius had not heard, and said it three times in a row. At this time, Confucius shed tears of sadness and said, "I have heard that the ancients did not accumulate soil on their tombs.

Confucius wept in the courtyard in front of the main room. When someone came to condole, Confucius returned as the host of the funeral. After crying, Confucius summoned a messenger from Weiguo to report the news and asked about Zilu's death. The messenger said, "It has been cut into meat sauce." When Confucius heard this, he told people to throw out the meat sauce that they were about to eat, and they could not bear to eat it.

Zeng Tzu said: If there is grass on a friend's grave that has been separated for a year, you shouldn't cry anymore.

Zisi said: When a person dies for three days and performs a funeral, at this time, all the items that are buried with the corpse must be carefully considered, meticulous, and in accordance with the etiquette system, so as not to add or subtract in vain, so as not to regret it in the future; When the burial is carried out after three months, all the items that enter the tomb with the coffin must be carefully considered, meticulous, and in accordance with the etiquette system, so as not to add or subtract from them in vain, so as not to regret it in the future; Although the mourning dress takes three years as the time limit, you should not forget your parents after removing the mourning dress; Therefore, the gentleman misses his parents all his life, but at no time can he damage his body because of excessive longing for his relatives; Therefore, it is only on the day of death that people do not do things that make people happy.

Confucius died of his father when he was very young, so he did not know that his father's tomb was buried in the place of the fifth father. When I grew up, my mother died again. Confucius wanted to bury his mother and father together, but he couldn't figure out whether his father's tomb was a funeral or a burial. I asked some people who saw it, and they all thought it was a burial. Confucius didn't know what to do. Finally, when I asked Man's father's mother, I learned that it was a funeral. Then he was able to bury his mother and father together.

If a neighbor has a funeral, he should not shout even when he is cooking. If there is a funeral in the neighborhood waiting for burial, do not sing in the streets and alleys. Wearing a mourning crown should not make the crown sagging after being tied up.

During the Yu Shun period, pottery burial utensils were used, but there was no large coffin on the outside of the coffin. During the Xia Dynasty, bricks were added around the coffin on the outside of the pottery burial utensils as a large coffin set on the outside of the coffin. The Yin people began to use wood to make the inner coffin and the outer coffin. In addition to the wooden coffin and the coffin, the Zhou people added two decorations to cover the coffin: the wall and the 翣 (shà). It's really more and more exquisite to future generations. The Zhou people used the coffins and coffins of the Yin Dynasty to bury people who died from the age of 16 to 19, the system of burning earth as bricks around the coffin in the Xia Dynasty to bury people who died from 12 to 15 years old, and the burial utensils made of Shun Shi pottery to bury people under the age of eight.

The Xia Dynasty advocated black, and the funerals were held at dusk, the chariots were driven by black horses, and the sacrifices were made with black sacrifices. Yin people advocate white, funerals are at noon, chariots are driven by white horses, and sacrifices are made with white sacrifices. The Zhou people admired red, and when they were funeral and burial, they were at sunrise, and the chariot was driven by a red horse, and the sacrifice was made in red.

Lu Mugong's mother died, and he sent someone to ask Zeng Zi for advice: What should be done at the funeral? Zeng Zi replied: I have heard my father tell that he expresses his sorrow by crying, commemorates the infinite kindness of his parents by wearing linen and filial piety, and expresses his filial piety by drinking porridge to express his filial piety's refusal to eat delicious food. The use of cloth to make the coffin cover used in the funeral is a patriotic custom; The use of silk to make the coffin cover used in the funeral is the custom of the Lu country. These are subsections and don't have to be identical.

Jin Xiangong was about to kill his crown prince Shen Sheng. Gongzi Chong'er said to Shen Sheng: Why don't you explain the situation of being framed to your father? The prince said: No, my father and his old man can't go a day without Li Ji, if I explain the matter, Li Ji will definitely be guilty, so far. Didn't it break his old man's heart? He said, "Then why don't you flee to another country?" The prince said, "No, the crime he added to me by the old man is to murder my father, just imagine, how can there be a country in the whole world that accepts those who murder my father, where can I flee to?"

Shen Sheng sent someone to say goodbye to Hu Tujue: I, Shen Sheng, am guilty of not following your advice, so that I am dying; Personally, I don't feel sorry for my death; Nevertheless, thinking that the monarch is old, the heir is young, and the country is in an eventful time, you do not go out to the mountains to advise our monarch; This reassures me; If you are willing to come out of the mountains to advise our monarch, Shen Sheng will die with gratitude to you. Shen Sheng bowed again and committed suicide. Because Shen Sheng blindly respects and respects his elders, he is nicknamed "Gong Shizi".

There was a person in the country of Lu who performed the sacrifice of Daxiang in the morning and sang in the evening. When Zilu heard this, he ridiculed this person for being too anxious to enjoy himself, and Confucius said: "By! Don't you blame others for having no head? The mourning period of three years is long enough, and many people can't even do this. After Zilu went out, Confucius said: Well, it is not long before the day when he can sing, and if he sings again after a month, it will be impeccable.

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