The Western Zhou Dynasty strictly implemented the patriarchal system and the primogeniture inheritance system, and established a ruling order of Zhou Tianzi, Qingshi, Princes, Princes, Doctors, Scholars, and the people. In terms of the official system, there are generally three grades: secretaries, princes, and doctors. The princes were responsible for assisting Zhou Tianzi in ruling the country, and the princes guarded their feudal kingdoms for generations, and the princes assisted the princes in governing the country and received hereditary fiefs from the princes.

The official system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was very complicated, and the auxiliary ministers around the king of Zhou were Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao, collectively known as the Three Dukes. Under the three dukes, there are administrative officials, administrative officials, and magistrates, collectively known as the three officials; There are also princes and fang countries, tribes and secretaries.

The officials of the dynasty were: Dazai, who was in charge of the government, Taizong, who was in charge of the rituals, Taishi, who was in charge of the calendar, Taizhu, who was in charge of prayer, Taishi, who was in charge of divine affairs, and Taibu who was in charge of divination, collectively known as Liuqing; The attaché of the six secretaries is collectively called the secretary of the house. In the dynasty, there were also Situ who was in charge of the land and peasants, Sikong who was in charge of the ministry of the hundred workers, Sima who was in charge of military endowment and military administration, Si Shi who was in charge of the title of Juelu, and Si Kou who was in charge of punishment, collectively known as the five senses. The court affairs officials who serve the royal family have three or less young masters, young masters, and young guards, collectively known as the three young people, and there are four assistants, such as Dao, Fu, Bi, and Cheng, and there are official positions such as chefs, decorated clothes, ministers, temple people, inner erections, and eunuchs, Men Yin, Si Wangyou, fire masters, water masters, chiefs, servants, royal, right, cuiche, fun horses, divisions, tiger resources, public opinion, doctors, artists, subordinates, and so on.

The feudal states outside of Wangji were called Sifang, including the princes of Hou, Dian, and Nan, and the Zhou Dynasty sometimes sent envoys to the vassal states to serve as supervisors. The princes set up hundreds of officials in their own feudal countries to imitate the royal family, forming a relatively independent political power, with three main officials, namely Situ, Sima, and Sikong, who were in charge of government affairs, justice, and civil affairs.

The main officials at all levels of the Zhou Dynasty were hereditary on the basis of the patriarchal system, and they did not distinguish between civil and military, and governed the people in peacetime, and became generals at all levels when it came to war. The local system of the Zhou Dynasty included a country, a capital, a city, a wilderness, and a contempt. The capital of the king of Zhou and the princes is the state, the big city in the vassal state is the capital, the small city is the yi, and the other places are called wild or contemptible.

Well, the above is some of the content about the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, so that when it comes to some official problems of the Zhou Dynasty in the future, our thinking may be clearer. Moreover, these contents are also helpful for us to study the "Weekly Rites" later.

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"Shui Shui": The sorrow of being in troubled times

King Ping's eastward migration was a historical event in which the Zhou royal family moved the capital from Haojing to Luoyi in the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Because of the earthquake damage and dilapidation in Hojing, and due to the constant threat of external disasters such as Rong Di, King Ping moved the capital to Luoyi in the second year after his accession to the throne, under the protection of the princes of Zheng, Qin, and Jin, and began the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The eastward migration of King Ping was an important event in the historical division of the Zhou Dynasty, and it was also an important turning point in the state of the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty after King Ping moved the capital was called the Eastern Zhou, and the period from the founding of King Wu of Zhou to the killing of King You of Zhou was called the Western Zhou. After King Ping moved eastward, Zhou Tianzi's royal power began to decline, and he could not shoulder the responsibility of the co-lord of the world, and the power of the princes continued to grow. Because King Ping was erected by Shenhou, and it was Shenhou who colluded with the dog Rong to break through the Hojing. Therefore, King Zhou Ping indirectly committed the sin of killing his father, and began to lose the respect of the princes. Moreover, Zhou Tianzi was also unable to protect himself and resist foreign invasions, and had to rely on the protection of vassal states, which led to the continuous decline of Zhou Tianzi's status, and finally formed a situation of competing for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Today's poem probably describes the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, after King Ping moved eastward, the Zhou Dynasty weakened, and the princes no longer supported it, which led to a crisis in the Hojing area. As an official of the Zhou Dynasty, his heart was very worried at this time.

At this time, the Zhou Dynasty was already in crisis, and the people in power could not stop the chaos well, his family life was seriously damaged, and his heart was naturally very sad. There are so many outlaws doing evil, and his life is not at peace. With no one to stop the slander and quell the trouble, he was indignant and had to advise his friends to be vigilant and control themselves so that they should not be hurt by the slander.

The environment at this time is sinister, and people have to feel uneasy and worried. The mourning continued, making him worry about his parents for a while, worrying that slander would harm him, and advising his friends to be vigilant. He was born in troubled times and did not want to go with the flow, so he developed a strong sense of distress, and while he cared about national affairs, he was worried about the funeral. The turbulent society made him uneasy, but he also had a clear love and hate, which can be seen from his concern for his relatives and friends. However, he did have a lot of hatred for the rebels. The flowing water is unrestrained, you can go to the sea, the birds are free, and you can also stop, but in such an era, his situation is indeed inferior to the water and the birds.

had no choice but to compose a poem to express his feelings:

The water overflows on both sides of the river, pouring into the sea endlessly. The falcon flies quickly, sometimes flying and staying. It's a pity for my brother, and my fellow villagers and friends. No one thought of stopping the funeral, who has no parents and is worried?

The long flowing water overflows on both sides, and the water is mighty and rushing. The falcon flies swiftly and soars high at will. Thinking of someone who does not follow the law, fidgeting and being sad alone. There is nowhere to complain about the sorrow in my heart, and I will never forget it for a long time.

The falcons in the sky fly swiftly and fly back and forth along the mountains. Rumors spread everywhere, but no one stopped or objected. Tell friends to be vigilant, all kinds of rumors are boiling.

"Crane Song": The stones of other mountains can attack jade

A tourist, walking in the vast wilderness, heard the sound of cranes chirping, which shook the four wildernesses and reached the sky. He came to a deep pool again, and saw the fish diving into the abyss and then up to the beach. Looking further, I saw a garden with tall sandalwood trees growing in it, and under the sandalwood trees, there was a layer of dead branches and leaves. Near the garden, there is also a strange rocky peak, some people feel that the stone on this mountain is good, and it can be used as a tool for sharpening jade.

This seems to be like a picture of ancient tourists roaming the wilderness, and there are sounds and colors in the picture, and there are scenes and feelings, so that it is full of poetry, which makes people feel nostalgic for the past.

If we compare the crane to a reclusive sage, the fish swimming everywhere to the seclusion or the sage, the garden to the country, the sandalwood tree to the sage, the withered branches and leaves to the villain, and the stones on his mountain to the sage of other countries. In this way, the tourists are not suggesting that the supreme ruler of the Zhou Dynasty should recruit talents who live in seclusion in the mountains.