"In the investigation of the reasons for the rapid decline of the textile industry in Wuhan, the Central Workers' Department of our Party said: the trade union power is too large, the workers have sabotaged their work, and they have asked for paid leave if they are not sick, and the managers dare not have a word of dissent, so that the businessmen have closed their businesses to avoid the front of the workers."

"In the beginning, people were begging our party to set up a way for the political axe not to interfere directly with the workers. At that time, our Party was duty-bound and promised to take responsibility for these things, but our Party failed to correct these things, and did not even do anything to prevent the development of these things. This leads people on a different path. The counter-revolution thus carried out a conspiracy and used it to organize a counter-revolutionary insurrection. Our Party wants to stop the workers from doing this, and because of the lack of persuasion and the use of coercion (and arrest of the workers), it cannot but arouse the resentment of the workers and greatly lose the faith of the trade unions and the Party. For example, on the one hand, the workers are dissatisfied with the trade unions and the party, and on the other hand, our party members and many others blame the trade unions and the party ......"

Liang Qichao's family letter:

"It is no wonder that the social and philanthropic political views that are circulating among the youth in Siyong's letter are a little bit like this, let alone you young people. In fact, to defeat the local warlords who have done evil, we cannot but say that they have a little credit, although we want to do it but can't do it, of course we approve of what others do, but is the future bright? Still absolutely not. The worst thing they can do is to instigate the labor uprising, turn the worst ruffians in society into political dominants, and the jobs of the workers who keep to themselves are ruined by the hooligans who do not work. Not to mention commerce, almost all the shops in Hankou and Wuchang are closed. The number of unemployed workers has increased by tens of thousands, and the so-called Federation of Trade Unions has collected more than 100,000 yuan a month for propaganda expenses (to support party members), and the resentment of unemployed workers has increased, not to mention ordinary businessmen. ”

“…… At present, all the local warlords who have done evil in various places are not far from the end of the day, and they will not become much of a problem; It is also evident that the Chinese party members are unable to do a good job in politics. The greatest fatal wound of this was that it could not break away from the fetters of the Third International of Lenin, and wherever the party and the party went, all the ruffians and hooligans became the supreme sovereigns as soon as they joined the party, and they were as good civilians as possible. At present, the middle class in many parts of the two lakes is absolutely unable to survive, and if the whole country behaves like theirs, the productive forces of the whole country will soon have to dry up to the end, and the future is really unthinkable. If we moderates do not take up the positive spirit and move forward, we will not only be sorry for the country, but we will also have no place for ourselves. ”

"I have always accepted 'political revolution' but resolutely rejected the so-called 'social revolution', and this time I am trembling and walking on thin ice as prime minister, and I am committed to taking a path of 'social reform' in China. The key to navigating this path of 'social reform' is the existence of a 'middle society'. Because a country grows and grows by the rich, not by the poor, and this is especially true when it comes to economic development. I have defined my concept of the 'rich' as a 'middle society' (quite similar to what is called 'middle class' today', after excluding those who 'exploit and annex what others have for their own gain'. I advocate the creation of a 'middle society' in China first, and then it is up to this part of the population to initiate social reform. ”

"Nowadays, the construction and development of the 'middle society' has achieved initial results, but recently it is a phenomenon that we cannot bear to hear or see. Since the transfer of the party to other provinces, the people in Henan, Shandong, and other places have simply not been able to survive, and the people in many places in Hunan and Sichuan have been deeply poisoned. Not only President Xu Shichang has a headache, but even those of us who want to do practical things also have a headache. All in all, the party was trained by the Third International, and its organizational skills were so strong that it was now truly invincible. We often say, 'They are organized, we are not.'" Who knew that Zuo Shunsheng's letter to his friend (which I saw with my own eyes) was exactly these two sentences. It is rumored that there are also party elements in Wu Ziyu's army, and when Cao Zhongshan came to Beijing, I talked to him about this, and he comforted me: "It doesn't matter, they can't make big waves, and the army is in our hands." Yes, it is true that the soldiers of the south are not of the Cloth sect at present, but if they continue like this, they will surely fall into the hands of the Cloth sect. ”

"In many parts of China now, it is only the working world, and the word 'intellectual class' has become synonymous with counter-revolution. (Public and private schools in Henan, Sichuan, and northern Shaanxi are completely closed, all in the name of 'reorganization', but there will be no deadline for the start of school.) And the so-called workers are all ruffians who don't work, and it's sad to see that the good production business has to stop. In the future, we will suffer for many miles, but what is it now? We can only temper our bodies and minds, prepare for resistance, and in the future, we can do something for the country, and teach the children to follow this path of hardship. ”

"The news is very tight this afternoon, I am afraid that the changes in the Yanjing labor movement and student movement will be unexpectedly rapid, and my friends will persuade me to take refuge in the early days (such as Huang Yanpei and the stable professor of Southeast University in Shanghai will flee), because it is obvious that the rioters will not be able to get along with our people. I am even more afraid that once Yanjing changes, the traffic between Beijing and Tianjin will be cut off, and I will not be able to avoid it at that time. I'm thinking about it now. Originally, it was planned to end before the summer vacation of Siyong School, but now I'm afraid I won't be able to wait for that. …… At present, the worst trouble in the south is the remote place of Sichuan with two lakes, and the better one is Zhejiang. In the future, the north is afraid that it will make the mistake of the two lakes, because there are too many poor people, (in fact, the living conditions of ordinary people in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces are good, so it is not easy to turn red.) I always feel that the whole Yanjing is about to have a catastrophe, so I don't dare to advocate for Sishun's immediate return. But the robbery of Tianjin and Shanghai should have been a little later and a little lighter. Fortunately, there are not many people when you come back, and you may be able to live in peace in Jinyu. There is also one of the most terrible phenomena - the rupture of the financial world. I think it's inevitable, it's hard to survive a year, and if that day comes, the middle class will really starve to death. ”

The Lion Awakening Magazine of the Chinese Youth Party (September 1922, No. 2):

“…… The reason for the large number of peasants abandoning their land and fleeing for famine is closely related to the 'Pingguang Blocking Movement' in which the masses of the Cloth Party took advantage of the situation to incite the poor at the bottom. The original intention of the campaign was to prohibit all grain exports in the name of farmers' associations because the poor at the bottom were worried that food prices in the province would skyrocket in the event of a year of lean and yellow crops, which would threaten their livelihoods. Since such measures were set by the poor peasants themselves, they should have benefited the poor peasants. But this is not the case. The first thing that the measures harmed was the interests of the tenant farmers and yeoman peasants, and then the interests of the middle peasants, kulaks, and landlords. This is because these peasants have the need to sell their grain freely in the market, but after the 'Pingguang ban', the grain cannot flow between the harvest and the famine, resulting in its extremely low price, and farming has become a loss-making thing, and the political axe has no way to do anything about it; the yeoman farmers and tenant farmers who are unable to resist the political axe's demand for the tax have abandoned the land or violated the lease contract and fled. After the tenant farmers and yeoman farmers gave up farming, grain production was greatly reduced, and the poor peasants' vision of a better life naturally came to naught -- what was even more serious was that the poor peasants made such a fuss and kept grain in the province and did not allow it to be transported abroad, which led to problems in the supply of the garrisons in neighboring provinces and aroused the anger of the vast number of soldiers in the army. ”

"The poor peasants were able to put the 'Pingguang Blockade Movement' into practice because they controlled the peasant associations. According to the surveys of the contemporaries, the peasant associations not only participated in the right to rule the villages, but also replaced the political axe in some remote areas, practiced the so-called 'autonomy of the peasant cooperatives', exercised the power of judicial administration, and read everything, thus becoming an organ of the peasant dictatorship. Not only is all power in the countryside vested in the peasant associations, but it has further encroached upon and interfered in the county political axe, and almost all peasant problems must be handed over to the peasant associations, the workers' problems must be handed over to the trade unions, and the student problems must be handed over to the student federation to solve. It can be said unceremoniously that, as a result of the instigation of the party, the ruling power in some localities has indeed been transferred to the trade unions in the cities and to the peasant associations in the villages. ”

"What is particularly noteworthy is that the peasant movement, which spread across many provinces, was organized by the Burunos Aires Party, but after it was launched, it was no longer under the control of the Burunos Aires Party. Under the banner of peasant associations, nearly a million peasants have risen up, but the vast majority of peasant associations are not under the control of the party. Many of them fell directly into the hands of local ruffians and hooligans, becoming a social hazard. Public criticism poured so deep that the peasant associations had to make the decision to 'wash' the peasant cooperatives at all levels. ”

"The decision mainly puts forward two requirements: first, in order to make the opinions of the real peasants fully expressed in the associations at all levels, the executive members of the township peasant cooperatives must be absolutely ploughing peasants, handicrafts, or manual laborers, and other elements, especially ruffians and hooligans, should be strictly eliminated; (2) Three-fifths of the executive members of the district agricultural cooperatives must be real peasants, specialising in handicrafts or manual laborers, and two-fifths of them must be employed intellectuals or persons acting in the interests of the peasants. Those with the surname of hooligans and ruffians should be strictly guarded against, so as not to disturb the peasant organizations; The decision tried to make up for the loss of the sheep, but this rectification was not strictly implemented, and it was aborted halfway. The matter of peasant associations has become more and more criticized because of its loss of control. Even there are pessimistic and disappointed people in his party, and its leader He Xiangzhong once said: 'If they make such nonsense, the central government will have to close its doors, and what will be the life!' I can boldly say that the peasant association is an unprecedented mistake, and all comrades in the party should clearly admit it. We see that the agricultural products have been destroyed, and the industrialists and businessmen have run out. Don't want the central government, don't want the people below, what kind of life! ’”

Liang Qichao's family letter:

It is no wonder that the letter connecting Sizhong has become more and more intense recently, and there seems to be infinite excitement about the victory of the workers' and peasants' movements. Originally, the situation in China has been too dull for more than ten years, and everyone is tired of it, thinking that a new situation will happen, thinking that it is better than the old one anyway, although most of the people who are very old are still like this, let alone the young people. So I don't think it's strange for you to change, but I'm afraid that this kind of hope will still be disappointed. ”

"It's easy for me to get mistaken because I've always had that history ahead of me, let alone as the leader of the Progressive Party. As a matter of fact, I am the person who has no party views, and as long as someone can make China good, I will never hesitate to express deep sympathy with him, and I will never adopt the narrow-minded and jealous attitude that 'nothing that is not done by myself is not good'. …… The root cause of China's disease today lies in turning the lowest strata of society over and holding the highest power. By the upper class and the lower class, I am not in terms of the rich and the poor, but in terms of human character. Poor and good people, of course we should welcome him to the extreme. Today, it is not the case, those who hold power are always the most vicious and insidious elements, in other words, robbers, thieves, sticks, hooligans, etc., all proud, and good people have become flesh. The list goes on and on, and I don't have the time to enumerate him. …… All in all, the so-called trade unions, peasant associations, and so on, arbitrarily pronounce the death penalty of people all day long, and other confiscation of property is even more home-cooked tea and dinner, and in this kind of meeting, it is completely used to repay personal gains, but they are under the banner of 'down with local tyrants and inferior gentry', but in fact, the real local tyrants and inferior gentry have long since become party members, and the people they beat are just good citizens who have no complaints. ”

“…… Recently, the local warlords have become unbearable with the persecution of the party, and have turned their faces and declared that they are 'begging for the red', and the degree of brutality is many times more severe than that in the north. At the same time, the so-called 'rightists' are also killed every day in the party's sphere of influence. (The first few pieces of paper were all written ten days ago, but now the situation is changing dramatically, and it is a bit of nonsense.) According to reports from various quarters, in the last three weeks of fighting between the two sides, the warlords killed the Cloth Party, and the Cloth Party killed the warlords -- a total of open and assassination killings -- almost thousands of people were sent away, mostly pure youths. It's a pity that these people died in a daze, and they couldn't even report it themselves, not to mention the ordinary good people who died in the city. It is especially shocking that the left and right factions within the Cloth Party have also risen up! Moreover, there is a tendency that water and fire are incompatible, and in order to achieve their own goals, they each go separately to collude with local warlords! It is true that a warlord is shameless, so is this 'party lord' still like a person? If you know now, why bother in the first place? It can be seen that the so-called fighting for doctrine is a deceitful Rausch, and now that the false face is revealed, the original form will be revealed! ”

“…… When Siyong wrote to me saying that he was very sympathetic to Bolshevism, I could not help but be surprised, not because I was afraid that there would be party members in our family, but because I saw that a young man as white as us Siyong would also fall into this kind of drug, that is, the youth of the whole country! I really can't help but be worried about China's future, so I feel more and more the need to make a fuss. Don't think that if I'm against communalism, I'm in favor of capitalism. I am more opposed to capitalism than the Brucellos. I have judged the modern economic pathology to be the same as the 'pulse theory' of communitarianism, but I am convinced that this disease cannot be cured by the medicine of 'commonality'. What I am prescribing now is another prescription (this prescription is the result of brainstorming within the Progressive Party, not something I came up with in a snap of my head), which may be taken by China first, and the whole world will have to learn from us in the future, and I have been using this prescription for China since I became prime minister. Siyong is not an expert in economics, so of course he will mistake poison for a good prescription, but young people in China like Siyong are in the middle of 99%, so they are terrible. What I want to say is to give me a little more time, and when my prescription comes out to be effective, I will see how much I can recover. ”

Free China Magazine (October 1922): Hu Shih on "The Road to Serfdom":

“…… At that time, I had the same mistake as the people I was talking about (embracing social favoritism). Let me now quote one. During that time, I often said to my students: 'The tenets of the new religion of the eighteenth century were liberty, equality, and fraternity. The new religious creed after the mid-nineteenth century was socialistism. I spoke a great deal about this claim. Now that I think about it, there should have been a public confession. But what I repent of to you today is the mistake I made with many intellectuals at that time; At that time, a group of intellectuals always thought that the whole trend of social favoritism was of course a trend in the future. I myself now cite my own evidence to make this confession......"

"The current flood of communitarianism can be said to be a lesson for our new class of public opinion writers, but what is the lesson? This can be divided into three layers: First, it is extremely easy to talk about a good 'ism', something that a cat and a dog can do, and something that a parrot and a gramophone machine can do. Second, it is useless to talk about imported 'isms'. All doctrines are the relief methods for the social needs of the society at a certain time and place. We don't go to the field to study what our society needs right now. How can a doctor who only remembers a lot of soup and songs and does not study the patient's symptoms? Third, it is very dangerous to be biased towards 'isms' on paper. This kind of mantra can easily be used by shameless people to do all kinds of harmful things! Madame Roland once said, 'Freedom and freedom, all the evils in the world have been done in your name!' And now we should wake up to the danger of all good-sounding doctrines! ”

"Because I deeply feel the danger of talking about doctrine, I still use an old saying from two years ago to advise the comrades in the new media circles: 'Please ask more questions and talk less about doctrines on paper!' Further, he said: 'Please study how this problem can be solved, how that problem can be solved, and do not talk about the novelty of this doctrine and the mystery of that doctrine!' ”

"There are so many problems that China should solve in a hurry. We don't study the livelihoods of workers, peasants, and traders, but we talk about social benevolence; Instead of studying how women can be emancipated and how the family system can be rehabilitated, we talk about 'public wifeism' and free love; we do not study how the local warlords can be dissolved, and we do not study how to solve the problem of the economic gap between the North and the South, but we talk about the doctrine of apolitical axeism; we still proudly boast that 'what we are talking about is a fundamental solution.'" Honestly, this is a self-deceptive dream! Now that this dream has soaked in blood, wake up! Save it! ”

(To be continued)