readx; The twilight clouds were low, and the weather was so cold that the brothers on the battlefield shivered. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

Xiao Sizi's upper and lower teeth were fighting, and he really wanted to stand up and run around, but he couldn't. On the other side, he said that his muzzle was facing him, as long as he was together, he would "speak" and his little life would be over.

For a whole day, a small piece of bread entered his stomach, and at this time he was cold and hungry, and the little fourth son really wanted to cry.

But he is a soldier, he can't cry, he has to cry, not to mention his brother, and he will make the Oriental people on the other side look down on him.

"Here, eat this." Lao De handed over a piece of hard things.

Xiao Sizi thought it was the cake that Lao De had secretly hidden, and he was happy, but when he took it, he found that it was not. It's hard, and I can't see what it is.

Lao De also held such a piece of things in his hand, broke off a small piece and put it in his mouth, swallowed it hard, and reluctantly smiled: "Eat it, it tastes pretty good."

Xiao Sizi also followed his example and broke off a piece and put it in his mouth, but he chewed it, and spit it out at that time: "What is this?" ”

"Loess, frozen hard loess." Lao De ate ate the piece with difficulty again.

"Can this be eaten? Dead people. Xiao Sizi's eyes widened and he said.

"Eat, eat." Lao De sighed: "If you don't have anything in your stomach, even if you don't get killed by the Orientals on this cold day, you have to starve to death and freeze to death." ”

Xiao Sizi looked at the loess in his hand, but he didn't have the courage to put it in his mouth

"Report sir, there is an old couple who have asked to see you."

Gao Fei, who was busy looking at the map, heard this report and didn't raise his head: "See what I'm doing?" ”

"They're here for their son."

"Looking for a son?" Gao Fei finally raised his head, impatient: "What are you looking for my son to do here?" Where do I go to find their son? ”

Mao Bingcai hesitated: "Commander, let's see you." That old gentleman used to be a diplomat."

"Oh?" These words made Gao Fei pay some attention, and he thought for a while: "Please." ”

After a while, an old couple walked in, the man always looked like he was sixty or seventy years old, and he seemed to be in good spirits, and the woman was only in her forties, and she was either married later or a concubine.

"What is your name, old gentleman?" Goofy invited the old couple to sit down and ordered someone to pour tea.

"The old decay often means, and the word Jinkang. This is the insider Chang Lu Sihai. Chang Yan said politely: "Do you think you are the world-famous generation of famous Anti-Japanese War General Gao Fei?" ”

"It's Goofy." Gao Fei said politely: "I wonder if the old gentleman's son is in my army?" ”

"Exactly." As the saying goes, he said: "I'm ashamed, this is my continuation, my dog, and there are four sisters on it, he was my old son, so he has been pampered since childhood." After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, my dog finally shouted that he wanted to join the army to fight in the East, but because he was reluctant, he repeatedly obstructed it, and finally ran away from home. The lady misses the child and says that she washes her face with tears. The old man was helpless, and he was about to send someone to inquire about the whereabouts of the dog, but he didn't want to receive a letter from the dog, saying that he had joined the new Ninth Brigade of the National Revolutionary Army, and asked me not to worry."

Chang Lu Siyu on the side heard this, and his tears couldn't help but flow: "General, I miss my child, who has been pampered since he was a child, where can he endure this?" The three generations of the Chang family are single-handed, and the bullets on the battlefield are not long-eyed, in case there are three long and two short, how can we still live. ”

"Gaffe, gaffe, how can you be so out of shape in front of General Gao?" As the saying goes, the meaning is dissatisfied.

"It's okay, it's okay." Gao Fei groaned: "Originally, since the two of you are here, it is time for you father and son, mother and son to meet, but unfortunately, my new 9th Brigade is on a mission, and it cannot be transferred back for the time being." ”

Chang Yanyi sighed: "It's good to serve the country, but I love my son alone, I don't want the overall situation, I'm really narrow-minded, please don't care about General Gao." ”

Gao Fei smiled and said, "Who has no children?" Who doesn't have a child who is not loved by their parents? Who is willing to send their children to the battlefield? This is the normal feeling of human beings. Don't know the name of the old gentleman's son-in-law? ”

"Chang Mengkai."

"Chang Mengkai? Got it, when the new 9th Brigade finished carrying out anything, I immediately asked it to meet with the two of them. Gao Fei read the name again, only to find the name interesting, and suddenly his heart moved: "Chang Mengkai? Who is it meant to commemorate? ”

"Exactly, it was originally to commemorate President Yuan Shikai and Yuan Da." Chang Yanyi did not hide it at all: "Chang Yanyi was appreciated by President Yuan Da in his early years, and ordered me to serve as a military attache at the embassy in Germany, and later transferred back to China to serve in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the great president went away, Chang Yan was disheartened and returned to his hometown in Sichuan with his family, and he didn't ask about politics anymore. He also gave the child the name of Mengkai, which means that my Chang family has not dared to forget the president's grace for generations, which made General Gao smile. ”

Gao Fei understood at this time, and nodded slightly: "Mr. Jin Kang is an old diplomat, and he knows the details of diplomacy well." ”

"I don't dare to say that I know everything about it, but I am writing an article in the hope that I will show the Beiyang diplomacy I know to future generations." When I say this, I often mean something complacent.

"Oh?" Gao Fei originally asked so casually, but he didn't expect to ask this one: "I didn't dare to ask for advice." ”

Chang Yanyi stroked his beard: "When people talk about my diplomacy during the Beiyang period, they are always inseparable from the words "loss of power and humiliation of the country", "mess", etc., it is simply a 'history of national shame', 'history of traitor' is inseparable from 'miscountry', 'incompetence', 'traitor', 'Han annihilation', 'compromise', 'surrender', etc., in fact, how ridiculous!

In diplomacy, such as Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai, people have formed a stereotypical thinking, the former is good, is the pioneer of the revolution; The latter is bad, a villain traitor. The president's notoriety in diplomacy mainly comes from his negotiations on the '21 Articles,' and he always thinks that he has betrayed the country in order to claim the title of emperor, and he does not hesitate to accept the 21 Articles. But the reality is quite the opposite. As a matter of fact, the president did not accept the '21 Articles,' and at the beginning of the negotiations between the two sides, the president told the envoys in a vehement manner that those who could make concessions could negotiate with them, and those who could not be allowed to do so, such as Article 5, would never be allowed to do so. During the negotiations that followed four months, Foreign Minister Lu Zhengxiang, Vice Minister Cao Rulin, and Minister Lu Zongyu were tortured and humiliated.

After four months of protest and the pressure of public opinion, he gave up the most brutal demands of the '21 Articles' and signed the nine articles of the "New Testament" and the treaty on the Shandong issue with China. If you compare your original request with the new covenant you signed, you can see a world of difference. In the file, this was a failed negotiation, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs resigned. Of course, the New Testament also had treaties that were very unfavorable to China, but the goal of destroying China was never achieved.

On the contrary, after the failure of the Dharma Protection Movement, Sun Yat-sen sought the support of the warlords for a long time and failed, and instead proposed to Yue Ben to cede Manchuria and Hainan Island, organize the National Revolutionary Army to be led by Yue Ben's officers, and cede the country's police jurisdiction and tax power in exchange for Yue Ben sending troops to fight, and later even told Yue Ben that Pingjin and Inner Mongolia were not wanted. These rights and interests are not allowed by President Yuan, but Sun has done it! ”

Gao Fei coughed, asked Mao Bingcai to go out first, and closed the door: "Mr. Jin Kang is okay now." ”

"Even if Chang is convicted because of these words, he will say it." As the saying goes, he seems to be not afraid of anything at all: "The diplomacy of China since the overthrow of the Manchu Qing Dynasty has mostly focused on the 'revolutionary diplomacy' of the Nationalist Governments from Guangzhou and Wuhan to Nanjing." The Beiyang political axe was regarded as the antithesis of the revolution, and even though it had sporadic outstanding performance in diplomacy, it was also ignored and distorted due to political incorrectness. Exclusive respect for 'revolution' may be necessary in extraordinary times, but it has become the norm for decades, narrowing our horizons, leading to the fact that China's diplomatic history does not pay attention to diplomatic conventional negotiations and negotiations, and only focuses on propagating the necessary surname of 'revolutionary diplomacy'.

General Gao, Beiyang is an era and power that has been scandalized. If China wants to move up, it can be inspired by the Beiyang era. At that time, although the warlords were fighting, there were still moral constraints on each other, and they would not be wiped out; There are many factions within Beiyang, which take turns to govern, which is of reference for today's politics; Beiyang is a pluralistic era, the social atmosphere is free and relaxed, there is no official ideology, there are a hundred flowers in ideas, there is academic freedom, it is a golden age of intellectuals and education.

In addition to diplomacy, through the transformation of the old diplomatic institutions in the late Qing Dynasty, the modernization of the diplomatic institutions was completed, and a number of professional and technical new-style diplomats were put on the diplomatic stage. They received specialized education abroad through various forms, and were the first group in China to open their eyes to the world. Because warlords do not care about diplomacy, diplomats have high prestige, diplomacy is not constrained by partisan interests, and can proceed from the actual national interests, and can read decision-making more than other departments.

However, due to the long-term indoctrination of revolutionary diplomacy, the Beiyang diplomats, who were described as cunning, excellent, and difficult in the archives of the great powers, became 'compradors', 'lackeys', and 'western cubs' in our word of mouth, and the results of the negotiations were written off! ”

As the saying goes, the more excited I become, and I take a breath for a while:

"The basis of diplomacy is national strength. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, imperialist diplomacy was a time of great importance, and it was a blessing that China relied on the balance of power among the great powers to be spared from partition. Coupled with the fact that the interests of the great powers in the treaty with China are the same, the gap between Chinese and foreign forces is too great. In such a situation, it is impossible to comprehensively salvage the declining situation, and we can only seek a partial breakthrough and strive not to lose new rights or strictly limit those rights that have already been lost. China's diplomacy during the Beiyang period was not simple, and it was an achievement that could not be ignored that the territory left over from the Qing Dynasty was largely intact in the face of continuous civil strife.

The failure of the negotiations on the Shandong issue at the Paris Peace Conference was due to the dispute between the United States and the concessions made by the United States at the expense of China. China did not sign the treaty with Germany, said 'no' to the Great Powers for the first time, and ultimately did not gain control over Shandong. In addition, China made many diplomatic achievements at the Paris Peace Conference.

China signed the Austrian Treaty, the Hungarian Treaty, and the Bulgarian Peace Treaty, appearing in the international community as a victorious country for the first time. On behalf of China, Gu Weijun also signed a special agreement on international aviation, enabling China to have the same airspace rights as other countries. Joining the League of Nations was the beginning of China's accession to the international community in the making. Election to the League of Nations Executive Yuan means that China is qualified to deal with world issues, and Wang also became the first Chinese to be elected to the International Court of Justice. ”

Gao Fei nodded frequently as he listened, and continued to listen to the common saying:

Later, although the Beiyang political axe declined, it was still the central political axe recognized by various countries, representing China in the international community. After 1919, its "treaty revision" developed in three directions: the treaty state, the defeated country, and the non-treaty state. Although the conference did not accept the request of the treaty countries to give up its sphere of influence, the seven privileges demanded at the Paris Peace Conference, but this was the first time that China had clearly expressed its dissatisfaction with the constraints of the treaty. For the defeated countries, they demanded the abolition of the old covenant and the re-establishment of a new covenant of equality, which was granted. The Sino-German Entente signed in May 1921 was the first new treaty to explicitly regulate the absence of most-favored-nation treatment, consular jurisdiction, and negotiated tariffs, and it also received a unique war reparation. In the spring of 1919, the Beiyang government issued an edict that when negotiating with non-treaty countries, it insisted on equality and reciprocity and no longer granted privileges, and even if the negotiations failed, they were unwilling to accommodate. In December, Yanjing signed a treaty with Bolivia to establish diplomatic relations, setting a precedent for a treaty of complete equality and reciprocity.

At the beginning of 1926, Beiyang Zhengax decided to adopt the policy of 'revising the treaty when it expired', and successively negotiated with the countries that had expired the treaty to revise the treaty. In April, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yenching notified Belgium that it was requesting the revision of the "Sino-Belgian Treaty" upon expiration, and because Belgium was unwilling to accept China's conditions, the Yenching government resolutely announced the abrogation of the "Sino-Belgian Treaty" on November 6, which was an unprecedented feat in the history of China's diplomacy. Soon after, Belgium announced the return of the Tianjin Concession, and a new treaty was reached. In November 1927, Yanjing announced the abrogation of the Sino-Western Treaty, which developed from "revision upon expiration" to "revision upon expiration and annulment upon expiration".

In 1928, when the Sino-Danish, Sino-Portuguese, and Sino-Italian treaties expired, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yenching negotiated the revision of the treaties, but no results were achieved. Before the overthrow of the Beiyang political axe, it signed equal treaties with Poland and Greece, which was the final achievement of the Beiyang treaty. ”

"It makes sense, it makes sense." Goofy groaned as he said in a loud voice.

"And I don't think it's okay to ignore all this, but how can my feat of protecting overseas Chinese from Siberia be buried in the annals of history?" Chang Yan said generously.

"Protecting overseas Chinese?" Goofy was stunned.

"Yes, protect the overseas Chinese." As the saying goes, he slowly tells this little-known history.

The October Revolution brought a serious practical challenge before bringing a brand-new doctrine to China: the lives and property of more than 1 million overseas Chinese stranded in Russia were faced with an unprecedented threat to their lives and property in the face of the chaotic and bloody Russian civil war.

Flying from Vladivostok to Yanjing like snowflakes:

Compatriots are starving, and some overseas Chinese have only 4 taels of grain per capita

Compatriots are being plundered, and no matter whether they are "red" or "white," as long as they are old men with guns, they all regard overseas Chinese as a treasury for taking and plundering

Compatriots are being slaughtered, and Russia's opposing armed factions are forcibly pulling overseas Chinese strong men and putting on dirty military uniforms, and these Chinese who only understand "Ula" are thrown into the rain of bullets. Even those who have not been forcibly pulled are like lambs to the slaughter in front of a group of robbers in uniform.

Even the Japanese army, which sent troops to Russia in the name of "protecting overseas Chinese," inexplicably launched a large-scale killing campaign against the Chinese

Millions of overseas Chinese looked south and begged for help from Yanjing.

At this time, there were millions of overseas Chinese stranded in Russia. Among them, in addition to traditional merchants and craftsmen, there were hundreds of thousands of Chinese laborers sent to the front lines of the "First World War".

The Bolsheviks, who numbered less than 10,000 in the Far East, did not have enough appeal, let alone influence, and after occupying Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Burleigh, and other strategic locations through a sudden military coup, the nascent Soviet power was quickly overthrown, and the Bolsheviks could still only conduct guerrilla warfare underground.

The Far East is bogged down in a tug-of-war.

The dominant position was occupied by the White Guards, who defended the old regime, but they were also replacing the names of the leaders and regimes like a marquee, "Siberian Provisional Political Axe", "Siberian Autonomous Provisional Political Axe", "All-Russian Provisional Political Axe", "All-Russian Political Axe".

At this time, there were millions of overseas Chinese stranded in Russia. Among them, in addition to traditional merchants and craftsmen, there were hundreds of thousands of Chinese laborers sent to the front lines of World War I. In World War I, China joined the Allied Powers and sent a large number of Chinese laborers, many of whom traveled overland to the front via Russia. After Russia fell into civil strife, these Chinese laborers successively gathered in Irkutsk and other places, and the situation was miserable.

After the news of the October Revolution reached the Far East, the situation in Vladivostok and other places also became uneasy, and the news of the riots was alarming. Local overseas Chinese flocked to the Chinese Consulate General in Vladivostok, "coming to the embassy to appeal, one after another". As the Russian side has completely lost control of the situation, overseas Chinese organizations such as the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Vladivostok, the Overseas Chinese Association in Heihe Jiangbei in Russia, the Boli Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, and the General Association of Overseas Chinese in Amur Province have all urgently appealed to the motherland to send troops to protect the overseas Chinese.

In an urgent letter to the Chinese Consulate General in Vladivostok, the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Vladivostok requested that "warships be sent to Weiwei for protection, and elite land soldiers should be sent to the Tumen River, which is close to Wei, and to Dongning County, Hulin County, and Suifenhe County, which are close to Wei, and to be stationed in advance in all directions. ”

In an urgent telegram to the President, the Prime Minister, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Overseas Chinese Association in Heihe Jiangbei in Russia appealed: "If we do not march in quickly to protect the troops and do not remember that the overseas Chinese will suffer from them, that is, China's rights will also be lost, and what place will Heihe have to stand?" ”

In a message sent to Yanjing, the Boli Chinese Entrepreneur Association said:

"The traffic is cut off, the danger is everywhere, the lives of the expatriates are in danger, and the people are in danger.

(To be continued)