No matter who you are, if you put these eight words on the table, your political life will be over. Because since the founding of this dynasty, no matter how capable and how background, if you don't come to power after going to the opposition, you will slowly be marginalized until it is completely finished, without exception. Including the god-like Liu Bowen, including Xu Ge Lao, who is known as the teacher of a hundred officials, has not escaped such a fate.

But experience is only a summary of the past, if you can predict the future by experience, the future is not the future, it is just a constant repetition of yesterday. One day, there will be exceptions that do not correspond to experience, and that is the real future......

The exception starts with Sun Can and these people.

According to the practice of this dynasty, Lord Sun, who was almost killed by the emperor because he asked for his life for the people, is not surprisingly famous all over the world. From the moment he was imprisoned, there were countless officials, gentry,

Even the people of cloth clothes were wronged for him, the day he left Beijing, hundreds of officials went out of the city to send each other, everyone gave wine poems, heroic feelings jidàng sky, there was no parting sadness, but it was like a celebration of triumph, not to mention the emperor's feelings.

Sun Can went all the way south, without exception by the warm hospitality of the prefectures and counties he passed, not only the magistrates swept the table, the common people and gentry also rushed out to greet him, and even some people walked hundreds of miles, rushed from the province, just to see the heroic posture of this Qingtian Lord who is the master of the people, and then bowed to him.

Although Sun Can has become famous all over the world, he has no arrogance, he warmly receives everyone who comes to visit him, whether it is rich or poor, whether it is an official or a citizen, he talks with them cordially and treats them with sincerity.

Someone asked him, "What is the use of you and foolish men spending those tongues?" He smiled and said, "I think everyone is a saint. Those who heard it couldn't help but be in awe.

The farther he went, the warmer the welcome he received, and when he returned to Nanjing, the city of Jinling was empty that day, and people went to Yanziji Wharf to welcome their hero's return. The officials of Nanjing City are also not falling, expressing their support for their leaderSun Can first served as the secretary of the Ministry of Officials in Nanjing, and then transferred to the Imperial History of Zuodu, who has always been majestic and self-disciplined, fair and honest, and has a high prestige among the hundred officials in the capital, beyond imagination.

Geng Xiangxiang, Jinda and others in the same year, as well as his younger brother Sun Ling, are naturally also welcome. Welcome him back, Sun Ling's family has already prepared a banquet, a class of the same year and Sun Xiao who came back with him immediately sat down, after the two drank the wind wine, everyone started the spectacular scene of today's dock, Sun Ling quipped: "I won six songs in my humble words back then, and I haven't been so beautiful, my brother's prison meal is worth it." ”

Sun Can Sun Yao is in line with the second brother's words: "The eldest brother is going south all the way, but it is really beautiful." ”

"Lou, envy?" Sun Ling smiled and said: "Actually, if you eat a cane and are carried back, you will be more popular than your eldest brother." ”

"How old are you, let's be serious." Sun Can's face was a little unbearable, and he changed the topic and said to Geng Xiang: "Let's talk about the affairs of the academy!" ”

"What, finally willing to speak?!" Geng Xiang became excited and said: "Join Chongzheng Academy, I still have that attitude, and I am waiting for the position of the master!" ”

"Brother Lifeng can join, our Qionglin faction is like a tiger with wings!" Jinda, the priest of Nanjing, also rubbed his hands excitedly: "The skill is profound, and the combination of the two swords of the rooftop will definitely be able to overwhelm the factions, and I am full of confidence in this conference to stay in the capital!" ”

At the beginning of the establishment of the dynasty, Emperor Taizu established Cheng Zhuli's dominance through the eight shares of scholars and the issuance of the three Daquan in order to unify the needs of thought. Although this is the same as Zhu Yuanzhang's own use of force to expand his territory, it is just a strategy to tame the vast number of scholars, but after all, it provides the best soil for the development and growth of the scholar class.

After a period of gestation, the intellectual class of the dynasty matured politically, and its elite gradually became the scholars who truly dominated the country. But at the same time, their hopes were increasingly out of control, and various phenomena suppressed by the policies of the two ancestors in the early Ming Dynasty continued to breed. The ugliness of officialdom and the speculative exploitation of power by scholars and doctors have naturally led those who adhere to Confucian morality to come to a conclusion: the world is declining, and the people's hearts are not ancient.

These people believe that the method of taking scholars from the Eight Strands not only fails to make the sages deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but will ignore the original moral essence because the scholars regard the Confucian scriptures and teachings as a stepping stone to their careers. And the moral decay of the scholar class will inevitably lead to the moral decay of the whole country, so that the state of Chinese etiquette will really become a country of beasts. For this reason, they believed that it was necessary to strengthen the emphasis on the Confucian classics, and not to let the Bagu culture become the entire content of the scholars.

As a result, after the civilian clique became the power holders, the preaching movement also began to appear in society. A large number of great people devoted themselves to preaching and teaching sentient beings. At first, the speakers did not jump out of the trap of the Song family. They put their hope of saving the morale of scholars on appealing to scholars to strengthen their moral cultivation, but they did not dare to question Cheng Zhuli in the slightest. It's just that the moral decline is attributed to the fact that the scholarly class only regards Cheng Zhuzhi as a key to pass through the door of the imperial examination, not a conscious need for life. And the morale is precisely because the majority of scholars lack a conscious and in-depth understanding of Cheng Zhuzhi. Therefore, they want to make Song Confucian's sexual principles truly penetrate into the hearts of the people through the preaching movement, and use the banner of "preserving heavenly principles and destroying people" to dàng the breath of officialdom and officialdom.

Therefore, it can be said that before Yang Ming, it was an in-depth elaboration and consolidation of Cheng Zhuli, but from the perspective of its effect, it was extremely disappointing - from the beginning of the Yingzong period, the eunuch Wang Zhenshou opened the eunuch chaos style, and the vast number of civil officials not only did not dare to fight against it, but instead bowed down to his door in order to consolidate or improve their own status. The struggle for power and profit within the civilian clique is also in full swing, and politics is getting darker and darker. This makes the Confucians, who are looking for explanations for realpolitik from the perspective of the world's Taoist people's hearts, reflect on and review the previous ideological development, especially the preaching movement, that is, they blame realpolitik on the world's Taoist people's hearts, and ultimately attribute it to the scriptures and meanings that educate people's hearts.

Therefore, the Confucian scholars reflected on and reviewed the previous ideological development, especially the lecture. As a result, a new generation of thinkers came to the conclusion that Cheng Zhuli, who was stationed in the Song Dynasty, did not help to change the hearts and minds of the world. They boldly advocated the suspicion and transformation of the dominant Cheng Zhuli. For example, Mr. Chen Xianzhang of Baisha advocates thinking and the courage to doubt, in his words, that is, "noble doubt," the predecessor said that he was suspicious. If you are in doubt, you will advance, and if you are in doubt, you will advance. Those who doubt it are also the opportunity for enlightenment. A moment of enlightenment, a lot of growth. , in the era when Cheng Zhuli was regarded as the golden rule, he advocated suspicion, and his doubts about Cheng Zhuli went without saying. But what really shook and subverted the foundation of science was Mr. Yang Ming Wang Shouren! It is preceded by a detailed trace, and will not be repeated. Just know one thing, Sage Kong: "The great way is in Mingmingde." , and Zhu Xi's interpretation of this is - the ancient Yu Ming Virtue in the world, the first to rule the country: Yu to govern the country, the first to Qi his family, the first to cultivate his body: Yu to cultivate his body, the first to correct his heart: Yu to correct his heart, the first to be sincere in his meaning: Yu to be sincere in his intentions, the first to know. Enlightenment is in Gewu.

According to the law of reason, the knowledge of things is sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country,

The most basic link in the world, Wang Shouren proposed that it is not feasible to learn from things, which fundamentally denies the practical significance of reason.

Out of the thinking of curing realpolitik, Wang Shouren put forward a new idea in addition to the knowledge of things, which is the well-known "to conscience." What is conscience? Wang Shouren himself has made clear statements on this many times. Him: "The essence of the husband's heart, that is, the heavenly principle." The so-called conscience is also the so-called conscience. Conscience is in the hearts of men, not only sages, but also ordinary people. , Different from the pretense of the former Confucianism, the meaning of Yang Ming Gong is extremely simple and clear. The so-called conscience is the inherent and innate heavenly principle in people's hearts. To obtain this kind of conscience, it is not necessary to look outwardly, but only to find it inwardly. On the surface, this kind of conscience seems to be Mencius's "everyone has his own hidden heart, and it seems to be the fall into Zen Taoism attacked by the Lijia, but from the perspective of realpolitik, its fundamental significance is still to attack the vast number of officials and gentry who were becoming more and more degenerate at that time.

Because according to Cheng Zhuli, who is regarded as the official truth, only by looking outward to Gewu can we obtain true knowledge, and this theory of Gewu Zhizhi is only suitable for the broad class of scholars, and only those who are familiar with the books of sages and sages have the ability to go to Gewu and become saints. This is tantamount to an unclear statement that the scholar is the noblest and the most intelligent. This provides the bureaucracy with a theoretical backbone for a privileged life.

Since a saint can be made by not a character, and conscience is possessed by everyone's nature, this smooths the gap between the official gentry group and the common people, and everyone must also find their own conscience, and there is no distinction between who is noble and who is low.

As soon as this was proposed, it was widely supported by all sectors of society for the first time in history: it not only attracted almost all the people who were dissatisfied with realpolitik. It was also supported by a merchant class that grew rapidly but did not have a high social status. Even the broadest masses of the Lebanese people are the most approachable and staunch supporters of this kind in history.

Thanks to its broad mass base, Wang Yangming and his disciples were warmly welcomed by the local gentry and common people wherever they went. They spoke tirelessly, actively receiving them, and they were taught without class, from the gentry and wealthy merchants to the peddlers and pawns. Despite the criticism of the Li family, especially those officials with vested interests, Wang Menxin still spread at an unprecedented speed, and after Yang Mingxin was born, he finally overwhelmed Cheng Zhuli in terms of technology and became the mainstream trend of thought in society.

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 But Yang Minggong's artistic thinking is not consistent in his life. In his early years, he devoted himself to Zhu Zi's Gewu and thus caused illness: after the epiphany of Longchang, he felt that the early years were wrong, and began to pay attention to inner understanding: in the second year of Zhengde, he put forward the theory of "the unity of knowledge and action", and began to talk about career: in the sixteenth year of Zhengde, in view of the fact that some disciples focused on enlightenment and light practice, they added one on the basis of "conscience", and put forward the theory of "to conscience, and put forward the theory of "to conscience: in the sixth year of Jiajing, Tianquan Bridge and Wang Gen and other theories, and put forward the so-called "four sentences, teachings, and finally reached the realm of thought in his later years.

However, he has the common problem of philosophers throughout the ages, placing too much emphasis on experience and personal understanding, losing the general abstraction, and not being able to call the system rigorous, especially the purpose of "four sentences teaching" is very different from the previous thought. The disciples have no rules to follow, so that they are free of restraints and are reckless. In such a congenital deficiency situation, the queen of the king's family went to the situation of each having its own opinion, dividing its own door, and doing its own thing.

In the preface to the score of the next year of Yang, Qian Dehong said bluntly: "The teacher has died, our party has not stopped, and each party has heard what it has heard to establish a religion... Before it was transmitted, it confusing and confusing the public, which was very worrying for our party. , as he said, Wang Yangming's descendants have one after another, and the four most prosperous of them are Shanyin Wangji,

Taizhou Wang Gen, Anfu Liu Junliang, Yongfeng Nie Bao, the four have established their own systems, called Wang Simen. In the last years of Jiajing, the latter two gradually declined, and the first two accounted for almost half of the country. But there are still disagreements and disputes.

Among them, Wang Ji was an official for a short time, lived in the forest for more than 40 years, and spoke every day, from the southern capital and Wu, Chu, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, all have their subordinate academies, and they were eighty years old and tirelessly traveled. This school of thought has evolved the yang mind into an innate one, and sees conscience as an inner spiritual pursuit like an epiphany in Zen Buddhism, which does not require effort. Reflected in politics, he advocated that the ruler should be old and inactive, and try to avoid disturbing the people, which was naturally welcomed by scholars and merchants.

Also popular is Wang Gen's Taizhou faction. This school reformed the "one mind is the essence" of the mind to "the body is the essence." The difference of one word shifts the focus from thought to action. Therefore, it stresses active accession to the WTO, stresses self-esteem, advocates equality for all, affirms human beings, and respects human nature......

In short, you can do whatever you want to do with the Rites Sect. To some extent, it is precisely because of its popularity that solidified societies begin to flow faster and become bizarre. Moreover, its supporters are mainly from the common people, and the number is incomparable to the former.

But both sides have fatal flaws. The Zhezhong faction allowed its natural negative thoughts to save the world. The Taizhou faction, which is extremely particular about self-emancipation, inevitably has a large number of madmen, from Wang Gen to Yan Jun, from Li Zan to He Xinyin, all of whom are bare-handed fighting dragons and snakes. It has no class of teaching, and it makes its disciples mixed, so that people in the upper strata of society will inevitably avoid it.

If you want to save the world, you can't rely on any of them. Where should the king go, and how to find the true meaning of Yang Ming Gong, many people began to carefully reflect on and revise the king, until the emergence of the Qionglin faction. @