Julius Caesar decided to find rosewood, the "golden tree in the hearts of fools", to open a wood processing factory, and to make a fortune from fools. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Almost at the same time, the other side of the war also made a decision about wooden mooncakes, which is the same melody as Julius Caesar thousands of miles away. The printing of money in modern society and the coinage of ancient countries are actually the same thing.

In early January B59, at an enlarged meeting of the Imperial Cabinet of the Marnerocco, the elders and the co-opted members of the Cabinet discussed the source of military expenses for the war.

Soon after the end of the colonial wars in the B century, there was a change of regime in the country in the mode of a coup d'état or a mutiny. The main exchange of fire between supporters on both sides was in the capital, where the National Archives caught fire during the fighting, and it is said that the cabinet elders burned the archives and records to destroy the incriminating evidence. After the fire, the entire National Archives was reduced to rubble, a large number of documents and archives were burned, and all the cabinet elders and participants died in the new nation's founding trial. The specific historical record of this meeting has long been lost.

According to the country's folk rumors and relevant historical facts at the time, the final decision made at the meeting may be to issue additional currency to fund military spending. Compared with taxation, it is still faster and more effective to issue money, and the people hardly feel anything in the short term, but in fact everyone pays more taxes, and every user of the currency in circulation in the country is robbed by the government.

During the colonial wars of the B century, the first incumbent Prime Minister of the Marnerocco Empire was named Ahma. It is said that it was at that meeting that he proposed the money-making policy of "printing as much money as we need for this war", without considering whether such a currency issuance would cause currency depreciation, and did not take any measures to balance prices.

The purpose of his strong advocacy of this move is simple -- to win re-election and "serve the prime minister until death."

More than 600 years ago, after the empire unified the continent of Marnlock, the empire strictly pursued a policy of "rest and recuperation". In order to maintain the hard-won unification, the top of the empire pursued both government and government, on the one hand, simplifying the government as much as possible to reduce taxes, reduce the burden on the people, and appease the people at home; On the other hand, it is actively expanding overseas and conducting conquests outside the mainland, with the intention of continuing to expand its territory and increasing the government's sources of revenue outside the mainland. More than 200 years ago, the country established a constitutional monarchy, and tax cuts became a habit, advocating a balance of revenue and expenditure, no fiscal surplus, and "not collecting more than a single excess tax from the people". Therefore, the country's treasury currency reserves are pitifully low, in fact, there is no major war, and there is no need to engage in too many currency reserves. Before the outbreak of this war, the empire had been at peace for nearly 100 years, and the people were accustomed to living a peaceful life and enjoying a dull, affluent and stable life, while the central treasury, which had been engaged in "precise budgets and no surplus finances" for 200 years, had no money in the treasury to pay for the war.

From the perspective of safeguarding his political reputation, Ahma strongly advocated that "the people must not be taxed", and besides, there is still a process of collecting and collecting taxes to make money, and it is too late in time.

In this war, the central government of the empire seems to have run out of money whenever it needs it. Before the outbreak of the war, the maximum mintage of the Marne-Rocco Empire's 100,000 Hundred Silk Pear Shenmu coins (each with a theoretical value of 200 grams of gold) reached 1.2 million. In just two years, the huge amount of wooden money circulating in the market has doubled geometrically, which can be called the "money-making movement". In the short term, the much-needed military spending will be solved, and the large amount of money that can skyrocket will inevitably lead to hyperinflation.

The motive of this "money-making campaign" may have been to achieve "no tax increases" and "no burden on the people", but the result was that everyone suffered great property losses.

At the beginning of Prime Minister Ahma's "money-making campaign", Julius Caesar's counterfeit money workshop was also on its own.

The Marne-Rocco Empire used a special kind of wood as a large denomination currency, a very fine moon cake selling appearance wooden handicrafts, about 8cm in diameter and 3cm thick, with dragon and phoenix emblems carved on both sides, and a hundred silk and pear sacred wood were engraved in the middle of the front and back sides, and dense small characters were engraved on the side for 100,000 yuan. The middle amount of currency uses silk silk, 15cm long and 10cm wide rectangular, about 2 mm thick, printing and dyeing process also with a little embroidery, the upper text is worth a silk, and the text is worth a thousand dollars.

The conversion is based on the international price of the gold benchmark at that time.

At that time, the international gold price basically fluctuated around 1,000 United Empire Romance dollars per kilogram. We will pay 1000 Roman gold dollars a kilogram.

The records of the Marne Rocco Empire show that every 2,000 coins was one tael of silver, referring to the ratio of gold and silver at that time to 1 to ten, that is, 20,000 coins were one tael of gold.

One kilogram is 1000 grams, and the Marne Rocco Imperial Weights and Measures 1 city kilogram is 640 grams. There are 16 taels in 1 catty, and 1 tael in the country is 40 grams of the United Empire's standard of measurement. A kilogram of metric units is 25 taels for the country. The price of 25 taels of gold was five hundred thousand denarii.

That is, 500,000 dollars is equal to 1,000 Roman dollars. 1 Roman gold dollar is equal to 500 coins, which is also equal to one gram of gold. In this way, one silk is equal to 1,000 coins, equal to 2 Roman gold dollars, and equal to two grams of gold.

The wooden moon cake has to be 200 grams of gold, but this wooden moon cake weighs 50 grams. It is said that it was made of so-called huanghuali wood, and the weight was discounted by one gram of wood for four grams of gold, but at that time, the average officer of the United Imperial Army could buy four grams of gold with a month's salary.

In this war, the central government of the empire seems to have run out of money whenever it needs it. Before the outbreak of the war, the maximum mintage of the Marne-Rocco Empire's 100,000 Hundred Silk Pear Shenmu coins (each with a theoretical value of 200 grams of gold) reached 1.2 million. In just two years, the huge amount of wooden money circulating in the market has doubled geometrically, which can be called the "money-making movement". In the short term, the much-needed military spending will be solved, and the large amount of money that can skyrocket will inevitably lead to hyperinflation.

In fact, there have been private coins in all dynasties, and the repeated bans are not only because of the profitability of private coins. The earliest private coinage of modern machine-made coins can be found to be the 19th century folk imitation of Mexican and Spanish silver dollars, at that time the imitation of the local coinage was called "Guangban, Fuban, Su Ban" and so on. The main purpose of these coins is to 1) participate in circulation; 2) Obtaining valuable metallic silver from the reduction of silver content, which is also a direct benefit. During the Republic of China, Yuan Datou silver coins were imitated, some of which were silver-plated after reducing the silver content or even using non-silver alloys, and some were obtained by means of sandwiching and digging and repairing.

This is not the case with imaginary coinage. Since the purpose of minting imaginary coins is not to participate in circulation and earn surplus silver taels, but to sell them to collectors at a high price in a curious way, the price of silver does not account for a large proportion of the cost of imaginary coins, so the silver content of imaginary coins is not necessarily very low, and it is often pure silver and does not lose weight.

Second, because the purpose of private coinage is to participate in circulation and earn silver, the minting amount is generally larger, relatively "small profits but quick turnover", and the minting amount is less, and the money cannot be made and the minting cost cannot be recovered.

This is not the case with imaginary coinage. Counterfeit coins are sold to collectors who have spare money and are looking for novelty, and can sell for a very high price, and as long as a small number of successful sales are successful, they can recover their costs and even make a good profit. In particular, if the coinage is too long, it will not be novel, but it will not be able to sell at a price, and it is easy to show its feet.

Third, in order to facilitate circulation (to facilitate circulation in order to facilitate a large number of imitations), private coins often choose to circulate in the market to imitate, not abrupt, in the form that people are accustomed to, so as to be conducive to seeking benefits from a large number of minting.

Fictitious coins are not minted to participate in circulation, and often appear in an unknown guise. Based on the environment at the time or their own understanding of history, their makers either innovated themselves or added to them, such as "Silver Coin of the Face of Empress Dowager Cixi", "Commemorative Coin of Zhang Xun's Restoration", "Temporary Military Coin for Crushing the Enemy's Five Sieges and Decisive Battles", and so on. These coins tend to appear in small quantities and in a small range on the market, and their minting background and outflow process are almost unknown. Such a fictitious coin is counted as one, and it will come back after a few costs.

There are also a small number of imaginary coins that have entered circulation, which was not the original intention of the originators of the fictitious coinage. It's just that for some reason, the collector abandons his collection or the counterfeiter fails to sell it and has to sell it at the same price. If the silver content of this fictitious coin is sufficient, the outside world may use it as a token and participate in circulation. But this is no longer the purpose of the original minting of coinage. The biggest difference between private minting and fabrication is that private minting is a circulating coin, which is "money", real money. Coinage is not "money". Thanks for adopting!

Counterfeit money has been around since ancient times, and it is called "private minting" in ancient texts. Private coinage, there were people like this during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it is a good profession, at least there is no shortage of money to spend at home. But soon after, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty withdrew the right to mint coins, and the five-baht coins were only made by the imperial court, and no other people in the sea could mint them. Probably since then, in history, coinage and coinage have been completely monopolized by the central government, and local governments have rebelled against this without the approval of the central government, and ordinary people have committed crimes......

Privately minting money is also true to the detriment of everyone except the minter, which should be a felony, and may be injurious in an era of strict law enforcement. In the Yuan Dynasty, the punishment for counterfeiting currency was extremely severe, especially in the later period, where there was a case of counterfeit money, all those who started the intention, carved plates, printed money, made paper, item number, Mengli Tibetan printer, and bought color materials, "with sympathy forgery, all executed." At that time, paper money was used, and the base paper of the money was made of the bark of a tree, and this tree and its bark naturally became the materials controlled by the state. Later, too much wood scalp paper money was made, and the tree became an endangered species, so it could only be made of other materials to make money and make a new version of bark money.

The common people couldn't make it, but the court was so manic that a car with a lot of money could only buy a bag of more than 100 catties of corn.

At that time, the central government produced unlimited quantities of these banknotes, which actually cost much less than the face value of the currency, and finally created this spectacle of billionaires. The court of the Great Yuan Dynasty printed money boldly and issued unlimited money, which was an out-and-out "private casting". In the end, the currency of the wooden scalp can only be used as a hand paper. That kind of wood scalp paper money should feel better than the current paper money when used in the toilet. Today's banknotes in circulation use hardened linen and plastic fiber filaments

The losers held a meeting to discuss the reasons for the failure, and the result of the discussion-style scientific research of the old men was that "it will only fail because it is a passive defensive side, and the defending side will lose in this mode of operation, and this thesis is a scientific truth that can be applied everywhere." "Most of the experts of the National Academy of Military Sciences of the country do not think so.

"The cumbersome and protracted decision-making system made it impossible to give full play to the superiority of the navy's overall combat effectiveness, and the decision-makers were overly cautious, evaded responsibility, feared failure, and sought no fault instead of merit, and these bureaucratic styles that had accumulated over the past hundred years eventually led to the defeat of this campaign and the entire war." -- From the War Study of the Expert Group of the National Academy of Military Sciences of the Marne-Rocco Empire.

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Wang Mang's currency reform is a comical act that violates the laws of the economy and is out of date, and some of them are close to child's play. Wang Mang violated the law of development of money from complex to simple, from multitude to unity, from physical objects to metals, and from low-grade metals to high-grade metals, so it was doomed to failure. And these mediocre and incompetent rulers of the past generations, they always think that they are right, and they can't listen to different opinions, and the Philippines will hit his head and bleed and even lose his life.

Julius Caesar the Victor spoke highly of the strangulation war, and specifically pointed out that the prevailing position in the strangulation war at sea between the two sides was the most important factor in the final victory of the United Imperial Army in this B-century intercontinental colonial war.

The losers held a meeting to discuss the reasons for the failure, and the result of the discussion-style scientific research of the old men was that "it will only fail because it is a passive defensive side, and the defending side will lose in this mode of operation, and this thesis is a scientific truth that can be applied everywhere." "But most of the experts of the country's Academy of Military Sciences do not think so.

The war of strangulation and anti-strangulation in a broad sense runs through the entire war. Two years later, during the Naru Colonial War, the Marne-Rocco Empire launched the same pattern of strangulation warfare against the United Empire Expeditionary Force, with the strangulation and counter-strangulation swapping positions. The victor remained on the side of the United Empire of San Romain.

This kind of strangulation at sea is not strictly speaking a collection of several naval battles, but a protracted naval war, consisting of several campaigns and battles, and there are countless examples of successful battles on both sides. This desperate struggle around the sea lines of communication lasted for several years and ran through the entire war, not only on the victory or defeat of the war, but also on the development of the world's navy in later generations, and completely changed the world's understanding of maritime power.

The war of strangulation and anti-strangulation in a broad sense runs through the entire war. Two years later, during the Naru Colonial War, the Marne-Rocco Empire launched the same pattern of strangulation warfare against the United Empire Expeditionary Force, with the strangulation and counter-strangulation swapping positions. The victor remained on the side of the United Empire of San Romain.

This kind of strangulation at sea is not strictly speaking a collection of several naval battles, but a protracted naval war, consisting of several campaigns and battles, and there are countless examples of successful battles on both sides. This desperate struggle around the sea lines of communication lasted for several years and ran through the entire war, not only on the victory or defeat of the war, but also on the development of the world's navy in later generations, and completely changed the world's understanding of maritime power.