The crown ceremony is a kind of Chinese national ceremony, and it is the coming-of-age ceremony of the Han men in ancient China. Pen ~ fun ~ Pavilion www.biquge.info Guanli indicates that young men have reached a certain age, have become sexually mature, can marry, and from then on as an adult of the clan, participate in various activities. The coming-of-age ceremony (also known as the Chengding ceremony) is a ritual performed by clan elders for young people according to tradition before it can be recognized.

Cultural significance

Explanation of the folding "crown".

Crown Ceremony

Crown Ceremony

"Crown", interpreted as: "The general name of the crown." The crown word has three from, from "冖", that is, covered with cloth; Xu Kai said: "Take it first, so follow the yuan." In ancient times, it was also said that the crown was the yuan service"; From "inch", and the word "inch" has two meanings: "Hanshu Law Chronicles" cloud: "Weights and measures all originate from the law of Huang Zhong, one millet is a minute, ten is an inch, and ten inches is a foot." Those who are inch, and there is a law to consider. All the laws are from the inch". Therefore, "Shuowen" says: "The crown has a legal system, so it follows the inch." ”

The first suit, that is, the first suit, is collectively called "crown". This is the "crown" in a broad sense. "Crown" also has a narrow sense, referring to a category of higher rank in the first clothing, which is the first clothing of the nobles in ancient times. Among them, it can be subdivided into types such as "crown, crown, and ben".

Folding crown ceremony and Chinese etiquette

Etiquette culture is the core of Chinese culture, Chinese etiquette is divided into "auspicious ceremony, fierce ceremony, military ceremony, guest ceremony, Jiali" five types, the crown ceremony belongs to a kind of Jiali, it is a new adult for the first time to practice Chinese etiquette, the crown ceremony is also the beginning of the crown to understand the Chinese etiquette, into the beginning of the Chinese etiquette system.

"The Book of Rites: Guanyi" records: "The beginning of the crown ceremony." "The Book of Rites and Internal Rules divides a person's life into different stages, each of which has a different task." Twenty years old, is the beginning of learning and practicing Chinese etiquette, a child, after the education and enlightenment of the crown ceremony, to obtain a new ideological guidance and behavioral rules, under the guidance of the crown ceremony, truly enter the context of Chinese etiquette. Therefore, the crown ceremony is "the etiquette of demanding a person with the rite of passage". In other words, the crown ceremony is the "foundation project" and "foundation project" of Chinese etiquette in the hearts of Chinese members, so Confucianism positions the crown ceremony as the "beginning of etiquette" and gives it a very high cultural status.

Folding the ancestors on the "crown ceremony"

Kiss a man and a woman with the gift of a wedding crown. ——

The crown is the beginning of the ceremony. - "The Book of Rites: Guanyi"

The husband ceremony begins with the crown, which is in the dusk, heavier than the funeral sacrifice, respected by the court, and in the shooting township, and the general purpose of this ceremony. - "The Book of Rites: Faint Righteousness"

Men's twenty crowns. - "The Book of Rites: Qu Li"

Marriage is crowned, so don't be a man and a woman too. - "The Book of Rites, The Book of Music"

It is crowned and admires the way of the sages. ——Ming Song Lian "Sending Dongyang Horses to Life"

If a man is young, he must be crowned when he marries. ——

The crown has the appearance of an adult. ——

The crown ceremony is also the most important thing for humanity. ——

The ancients re-crowned the ceremony, and it will be the way of responsibility. ——Liu Zongyuan, "Answering Wei Zhong's Theory of the Master's Daoshu"

The head of the three seedlings, the collar of the Qiang people, the Chinese crown, and the slash of the Yue people. - "Huainanzi Qi Vulgar Training"

The first service is added, and then the humane preparation, so the gentleman is important, thinking that it is the beginning of the ceremony. - The Essentials of the Five Classics

is dressed properly, respects its gaze, and is as if people are afraid of it. - "The Analects of Yao"

The crown shows the appearance of an adult, and the order of dignity and humility. - The General Dictionary

Chinese nouns derived from Guanli:

Crown age: Twenty years old for men

Weak crown: just adult

Champion: Adult

Crown: Men are twenty and crowned, and given words

Crowner: An adult person who has performed the crown ceremony

Crown: A man who has undergone the crown ceremony, which refers to an adult man of 20 years of age

Collapse and edit the historical rheology of this paragraph

Fold the Zhou Dynasty

Crown Ceremony

Crown Ceremony

"The regency of the Duke of Zhou has been in place for six years, making ceremonies and making music, awarding degrees to the world, and the ceremonies made are "Zhou Guan" and "Etiquette". Since the Duke of Zhou's "Xingzheng Ritual Music", the crown ceremony has become a common etiquette in the Zhou Dynasty for hundreds of years,、、 and there are many records of the crown ceremony of the sons of heaven and princes in the Zhou Dynasty:

"Peng's name is Yurong, Cai Jinggong is on the left, and Xu Linggong is on the right. The two monarchs are weak, and they are both strong. ("The Second Year of Cheng Gong")

"Zhao Wenziguan." (Chinese Jin Language VI)

"Jin mourns the crown of the Duke and guards the princess." ("Historical Records: The Family of Lu Zhou Gong")

"Hui Wenjun three years, crown." ("Historical Records: Qin Benji")

For the emperor, the crown ceremony had a special significance. The Zhou Dynasty implemented the primogeniture inheritance system, and when the reigning king died, the eldest son could ascend the throne regardless of whether he was old or young, but if he was underage to perform the crown ceremony, he could not be pro-government. King Cheng of Zhou succeeded King Wu at an early age, but Duke Zhou was regent until he came of age. Ying Zheng was on the throne of Qin at the age of thirteen, but it was not until he was twenty-two years old, "crowned, with a sword", that he became pro-government. From the Son of Heaven to the Shishu, the crown ceremony is "the capital of adults", and if the crown ceremony is not performed, "it is incurable".

The crown ceremony of the Zhou Dynasty, according to the "Rites and Rites, Shi Guan Li", the year 20 and the line, three plus, the beginning of the cloth crown, symbolizing will be involved in the affairs of the management of personnel, that is, the right to govern people. The cloth crown is the ancient system, and the crown ceremony first adds the cloth crown, indicating that the original is not forgotten; Then add Piben, symbolizing that they will intervene in military affairs and have military power, so they are often equipped with swords at the same time; Sanjia Jueben, with the right to sacrifice, is the highest level of social status. In the Zhou Dynasty, the crown ceremony of the Son of Heaven, princes, doctors and other classes was different, and the age of the crown ceremony of the Son of Heaven was different in ancient books, including 12 years old, 15 years old, 19 years old, etc. The ritual may be four plus, and the cloud of "Da Dai Li": "The male crown is four plus, three are the same soldiers, and the Xuan crown is added later." The Son of Heaven also added four pluses, and then added the crown. ”

Fold Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty was extremely heavy on the crown ceremony, "Later Han Shu Rulin Biography", Zhou Fangnian 16, Shijun officials. Shizu patrolled Runan, summoned Peng to test the scriptures, and saw that he was "especially able to read", and wanted to worship as a guard. And Zhou Fang "uncrowned" and cannot obey fate.

The crown ceremony of the emperor of the Han Dynasty was called the Canadian dollar service, and the emperor of the Han Hui made the crown salute, announcing the "pardon of the world", and the beginning of the emperor's crown ceremony and amnesty of the world. Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty was crowned, and he was rewarded, reduced or exempted from taxes, and celebrated all over the world. Emperor Zhao's Canadian Yuan Suit, in order to distinguish it from the crown ceremony of his ministers, also wrote a crown speech, which was the beginning of another crown speech for later emperors. The Han Dynasty Shishu crown ceremony, according to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the "Jing Shen" Zheng Xuan of the same name "Xuehai", the scholar He Xiu made the crown ceremony, refer to the "Rites and Rites Shiguan Li" and simplified, for one plus.

Fold Wei Jin

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the emperor's crown ceremony was held in the main hall and began to be accompanied by music. From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown ceremony was once abolished. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were still some royal crown ceremonies in the court of the Southern Dynasties, and the Central Principle completely fell into the unprecedented turmoil of the Five Hu Chaos.

Fold Sui Tang

The Sui and Tang dynasties restored the etiquette of the Han family, and the Tang emperor, the crown prince, the prince, and the officials all formulated various levels of crown etiquette. However, not a lot of it has been implemented. After hundreds of years of impact after the Han Dynasty, the weakening of the crown ceremony is obvious.

Liu Zongyuan said in the "Answer Wei Zhongzhong on the Taoist Book of the Master", "Guanli, people have not done it for hundreds of years", saying that there was a person named Sun Changyin at that time, "acting alone with anger", and after the crown ceremony, he imitated the story of Zhao Wenzi seeing Luan Shu and so on, and went to the court the next day, hoping that the ministers could teach him. After arriving at the outer court, Sun's recommendation wat said to the secretary: "A certain son is crowned. Unexpectedly, all the secretaries were inexplicable, and Uncle Jingzhao Yin Zheng suddenly said, "What does this have to do with me? The Minister of Civil and Military Affairs laughed. It can be seen that the ministers of the imperial court no longer know what the crown gift is.

Folding Song Dynasty

Some scholars in the Song Dynasty felt that Buddhist culture was a strong impact on the public, and advocated the revival of rituals such as crowns, marriages, funerals, and sacrifices in the whole society, so as to promote Confucian cultural traditions.

In it, Sima Guang formulated the ceremony of the crown ceremony: a man between the ages of 12 and 20 can perform the crown ceremony as long as his parents do not have more than one period of mourning. In order to adapt to the changes of the times, Sima Guang simplified the "Rites and Rites" to make it easy for the public to grasp. In addition, according to the living customs of the time, the crown of the three additions was adapted: the first scarf, the second hat, and the three heads. "Zhuzi's Family Rites" follows the main rituals of Sima Guang's "Shuyi", but stipulates that the crown year is fifteen to twenty years for men, and puts forward corresponding requirements from the aspect of knowledge, "If you are a gentleman who is good and ancient, and his son is more than fifteen years old, he can understand and know the etiquette and righteousness, and then crown it, and he is beautiful." ”

The Song Dynasty scholars also had disagreements and arguments over the age of the crown ceremony. Some people cite the record of the twelfth crown of Xianggong of Zhonglu and advocate that the age of the crown be advanced to twelve years old, but the physicist Cheng Yi resolutely opposed. He said, "No." The crown is responsible for adults, and twelve years is not a time to blame. He believes that since he is crowned, he must be responsible for adult affairs, otherwise it will be a false courtesy. If he cannot be held accountable for adult matters after the crown ceremony, he cannot be expected to become an adult for the rest of his life, so "even if the princes of the Son of Heaven are crowned, they will also be crowned by twenty." ”

Fold the Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty Mongolia entered the Central Plains, and the history records, "The five rites of the Yuan Dynasty are all practiced in national customs, but the sacrifices are slightly ancient." "There is no crown ceremony in the court, but there are still preserved in the people.

Folding Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty quickly restored the destroyed Chinese etiquette system, and the crown ceremony achieved a second revival. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the crown ceremony was decreed, from the emperor, the crown prince, the prince, the prince, the official, and the people, all formulated the etiquette of the crown ceremony, on the whole, the crown ceremony of the Ming Dynasty was more popular.

Folding Qing Dynasty

When the Qing army entered the customs, Chinese culture suffered unprecedented and serious damage again, and Guanli entered the second long period of decline since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Qing court promulgated the policy of "ten from ten from ten", in which, "the old from the young do not obey" so that children in the early Qing Dynasty can still retain the Han hairstyle, wear children's clothes, and reach adulthood, they can barely perform the crown ceremony, but the day of the salute is the time to shave their hair, and the Han nation has bid farewell to the crowning ceremony that has lasted for thousands of years.

In the cultural environment of the comprehensive fullness of society as a whole, the crown ceremony gradually disappeared into history. In modern times, under the impact of the westerly wind and the westernization of thought, the crown ceremony has gradually been completely forgotten by the Chinese.

Collapse and edit this paragraph

According to the records of the ceremonies, the successive dynasties established different crown and crown dress systems from the Son of Heaven to the Shishu:

Folded Son of Heaven crown dress

The ancient crown ceremony was quite solemn, and the crown ceremony of the princes of the Son of Heaven before the Han Dynasty was due to the burning of books by Qin, and it was impossible to study in detail. "General Dictionary Volume 56" quotes: ""The Great Dai Li Ji Gong Crown Chapter" says: The public crown is added to four times, three are the same scholars, and the Xuan crown is added later. The Son of Heaven also added four pluses, and then added the crown. "The Essence of the Five Rites" says that the Son of Heaven has five crowns. In the Han Dynasty, the Son of Heaven was added to the four pluses. Wei Ze took the supreme gift of the Son of Heaven without adding it, so he added a crown. Tang and Ming are all OnePlus.

The Han Dynasty changed the emperor's crown ceremony to a Canadian dollar suit. At the beginning, the cloth was added to the virtuous, the second lord Ben, the second martial arts, and the second Tongtian crown. The crown of the emperors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a plus crown, take off the emperor's silk dress, and add a gon suit. Northern Qi, first with an empty top, the second with a silk robe, and the second with a crown. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, he wore a hollow-topped black cloth and a double-child jade guide silk robe, and a crown robe. In the Ming Dynasty, the first was served with an empty robe and a crown robe.

Folded crown crown dress

The family language is thought to be four plus. Wei Zaijia. Song Yijia. Northern Qi plus again. Sui Fu Sanjia. Tang, Song and Ming are all three pluses.

The official uniform of the empty top of the Northern Qi Dynasty was added to the Xian Sanliang crown, and then the Yuanyou crown was added. Sui empty top curtain far travel crown, plus cloth crown, plus far travel crown, three plus the crown. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the empty top black Jiewei double children's bun jade guide treasure ornament was decorated with clothes, and the cloth crown was added, and then the Yuanyou crown was added, and the crown was added three times. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the scarf was folded, and then the eighteen beams of the Yuanyou crown were added, and the three crowns were added. In the Ming Dynasty, a scarf was folded, and then a distant travel crown was added, and three crowns were added.

Folded Prince's Crown Dress

At the beginning of the Wei Dynasty, the second longest crown, the second into the virtuous crown. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, a double children's bun was applied, a cloth crown was added at the beginning, and then a distant travel crown was added, and three crowns were added. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the scarf was folded, and then the seven-beam crown scarlet shirt was added, and the three plus nine crowns were crowned with green clothes and nine chapters. In the Ming Dynasty, one folded the scarf, and then added seven beams and crowns, and three plus nine crowns.

Folded official crown dress

Tang first to five products at the beginning of the cloth crown, and then add the virtuous crown, three or more into the virtuous crown three beams of the green guide, four products and five products of two beams, six products below one beam, three crowns, one product of the crown, two products of the crown, three products of the crown, four products of the crown, five products of the crown, six products below the use of the jue. Song Tongtang. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the cloth crown was added, and then the virtuous crown was added, and the three were added to the Jue Ben.

Folded Shishu crown crown dress

, the old and the new, the etiquette chronicles do not contain the crown ceremony, but the "History of the Song Dynasty" public service chronicles have the evidence of Zhu Zi's crown ceremony. However, the system of Zhuzi is also taken from the former sages, and its origin is to be examined. Song Zhuzi was re-established, and future generations respected him. According to the "Ming Collection Ceremony", the Ming Dynasty Shishu crown ceremony basically followed the system of Song Zhuzi.

"Etiquette: Celebrity" crown dress:

The first clothes of the crown: picking clothes, and dressing.

Before the crown is crowned: 缁纚, 笄.

Champion OnePlus: Xuanduan. Xuanshang, Huangshang or miscellaneous clothes. Tie belt, knight. The crown is tied with a cloth crown, fixed with a missing item, and a green group is added. With black sink, cyan silk, silk, pure, trimmed with half an inch.

The crown is added: leather clothes. Suji (plain clothes, plain clothes), with white cloth for it. Plain sheath, tie belt. The leather is made of white deerskin and white flute. With white stalks, the silk is pure, and the edge is half an inch.

Champion three plus: knight's suit. Silk clothes, silk clothes, ribbons, and rings. Jue Ben outside the Xuan Li red, plus the flute, plus the color of the edge of the Hong. It is pure, black and pure, and the trim is half an inch.

Collapse and edit the detailed explanation of this paragraph

Crown Ceremony

Crown Ceremony

Fold (1) Zhou Lishi crown ceremony

1) Overview of Zhou Lishi's crown ceremony

The chapter "Rites and Rites" records in detail the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty. In ancient times, "the four peoples are in the world, and the son of a scholar is always a scholar." (Qi Yu). The crown ceremony is the etiquette of the 20th crown ceremony of the son of the scholar, and it is also the "20th year of the scholar's crowning method." It is worth noting that the Zhou Dynasty paid attention to "the first son of the Son of Heaven, and there is no noble person in the world", so although the son of the Son of Heaven was crowned early, he was also crowned with a scholarly ceremony. The difference is only four pluses.

Professor Peng Lin, a well-known scholar of etiquette and a professor of history at Tsinghua University, introduced a brief process of reading the Zhou Dynasty Shiguan Ceremony in his book.

2) Zhou Lishi crown, crown dress and ritual utensils

"Etiquette: Priest Crown Ceremony" crown dress

1. The first dress of the crown: picking clothes and clothes. Picking clothes, probably deep clothes, picking edge (according to deep clothes, too parents, parents are there, pure silk, that is, this meaning also. One said, vermilion edge. Comb the bun and tie it with a strap.

2. Before the crown is crowned: 缁纚, 笄. It is black, wide and final (2 feet 2 inches in ancient cloth, about 50 centimeters in today's size), and 6 feet long. The length of the flute is two inches.

3, the crown of one plus: Xuanduan. Depending on the paternity, use Xuanshang, Huangshang, or Miscellaneous Clothes. Tie belt, knight. The crown is tied with a cloth crown, fixed with a missing item, and a green group is added. With black, cyan silk (toe decorating, empty can be strung laces) silk (sole trimming) pure (collar trimming), hemming half an inch.

4. The crown is added: leather clothes. Suji (plain clothes, plain clothes), with white cloth for it. Plain sheath, tie belt. The leather is made of white deerskin and white flute. With white stalks, the silk is pure, and the edge is half an inch.

5. The champion is three plus: knights. Silk robes, silk robes, ties, and scarlets (red and yellow covering the knees). Jue Ben outside the Xuan Li red, plus the flute, plus the color of the edge of the Hong. It is pure, black and pure, and the trim is half an inch.

Guests of "Etiquette and Ceremony".

Host: On the day of the Emperor, he wears a Xuan crown, wears a white court robe, ties a black belt, and decorates a white knee cover. Dressed in Shi Xuanduan, Xuan or yellow or miscellaneous clothes, black belt, red and black covering knees.

Rejection: Xuanduan

Zhengbin: Same as the host. Xuanduanfu.

Praiser: Xuanduan

Relatives: Xuanyi Xuanyi, Tie Tie.

"Rites and Rituals" ritual utensils

‧ Day: yarrow, yarrow, puff mat, divination

Crowning: 箧, 箪, pu reed mat, spoon, 觯, spoon, 篚, 匴, 甒, etc

Lijiao: Ding, Bean, Di, Jue, etc

Fold (2) Song Dynasty Shishu crown ceremony

1) Overview of "Zhu Zi's Family Rites: Crown Rites".

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang simplified the "Rites and Rites" and formulated the ceremony of the crown ceremony. The ceremony is contained in his Book of Rituals, which stipulates that a man between the ages of 12 and 20 may perform a crown ceremony as long as his parents do not have more than one period of mourning. According to the living customs of the time, he also made a change of the crown of the three pluses: the first scarf, the second hat, and the three heads. "Zhuzi's Family Rites" follows the main rituals of Sima Guang's "Shuyi", but stipulates that the crown year is 15 to 20 years for men, and puts forward corresponding requirements from the aspect of knowledge: "If you are a gentleman who is good and good in ancient times, and his son is more than 15 years old, he can read the "Book of Filial Piety" and "Analects", and know the prescription of etiquette and righteousness, and then crown it, and Si Qi is beautiful."

2) "Zhu Zi's Family Rites, Crown Ceremony" crown clothes and ritual utensils

"Zhu Zi's Family Ceremony, Crown Ceremony" crown dress:

1. Children's clothes: double, four (next to the word clothes, kui4, clothes) shirts, silk, and shoes

Shuangyi, that is, double bun, also called the total angle, this is the most common children's hairstyle, generally painted left and right two buns, but there are also those who think that the bun is made into two rings, and the bun is tied with vermilion brocade, which is called "紒". There is also a "horn" hairstyle for children: the front hair and the sides of the hair are left, the rest is shaved, the front hair hangs down to the forehead, and the hair on both sides is braided and droops. In the Song Dynasty, there were also boys who shaved their hair and only left a lot of money, which was biased to the left side, which was called "partial top"; There are also left in front of the top, bundled with colorful threads, named "Crane Horn". Wearing a four-smock shirt is obviously convenient for movement, and it is the same as a boy who does not wear a coat or a hakama. The boy's clothes are generally called picking clothes, which should be clothed with silk cloth and decorated with brocade, and brocade is generally made of vermilion. One said that the boy's clothes do not have belts, but they are tied with belts on both plackets, but in the Ming Dynasty, belts were used. Shoes, but there were white shoes in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Initial addition: cloth crown, deep clothes, large belts, and shoes.

In the Song Dynasty, it was good to replace the cloth crown with a scarf.

3. Plus: hats, soap shirts, leather belts, and shoes.

The hat is a gauze hat, or crepe hat. The History of the Song Dynasty - Yufu Zhi said: The scholar doctor tasted the hat with black yarn, the shirt with soap, the horn belt, the shoes, and the soap shirt was probably a straight one. The Ming Dynasty used a shirt. The shirt appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the clothing rate was cut at that time, because the ancient cloth was narrower, so there were stitches in the middle of the front and back of the clothes, but this kind of clothes added a piece of cloth at the hem or added a piece of cloth at the knee for decoration, like a cloth to break it, so it was called a shirt. Shirt with multiple round necks. In the history of the Song Dynasty, it was said that the shirt was made of white muslin, and there was a fold around the waist. In the Ming Dynasty, the so-called hat, with a towel. There are also descriptions of the substitution of cardigans (similar to the back, with a collar or straight collar), but there are no pictures to support it, to be examined. Shoes, when it comes to ties, may be black shoes that match the deep coat.

4. Three plus: head, public uniform, leather belt, boots, and wat. or a shirt (the father has no officials), and boots.

The head is also known as folding the scarf, there are two kinds of lacquer and yarn, the Song and Ming Dynasty official uniforms are the same, there are more edges and corners, and the feet are one foot and two inches long. The male wears storage yarn or leno silk, the sleeve length is back to the elbow, and the sleeve width is three feet (about 1.2 meters today). The official uniform of the Ming Dynasty has a pendulum, which is attached to the back piece, and then there are tethers to assist in fixing it on the left and right sides of the back. There is also a hem at the hem of the official uniform of the Song Dynasty.

Host: Deep Coat

Guests, praisers: each in its own dress

Fold 3) "Zhu Zi's Family Ceremony, Crown Ceremony" etiquette detailed explanation

(1) Crowning period (to determine the date of the crowning ceremony)

(2) Precept (three days before the crown ceremony, the host sacrifices to the ancestors in the ancestral hall)

On the day of the ancient rites, the master is the grandfather of the crown, and he is the son of the successor to the ancestor, if he is not the son, he must be the son of the successor to the ancestor. If the son of the sect is no longer there, then the second son of the sect is the master. If the father of the crown is autonomous, the salute, see the ancestral hall, and the chapter blessing version, the same as before, but the cloud: "The son of so-and-so, if the son of so-and-so, the age grows up, it will be crowned on a certain day of the month, and I would like to ......" after the same. If the son of the sect has been lonely and crowned, then he is the master, and he wishes the same version before, but the cloud: "A certain will be crowned on a certain day of a certain month, and I would like to ......" after the same.

(3) Guests (the day before the crown ceremony, Chen Guanfu, etc., the host is in the following order)

The day before the salute, I would like to greet the guests again. He sent his children to deliver a speech in a book, saying: "In the coming day, so-and-so will be crowned by son-and-so, if so-and-so is the head of so-and-so." My son will come to him and dare to stay. Someone on someone. Zhengbin replied: "If you dare not be happy, you will be on someone." "If it is the son of Zongzi, the speech will also be revised accordingly.

(4) Folishing

Set up washes and towels in the hall, such as the layout of the ancestral hall. The house is surrounded by a curtain (curtain) in the northeast of the hall. If the hall does not have two steps, draw a step shape.

(5) Ji Ming Shuxing Chen Guanfu

The master has official uniforms, belts, boots, and wat for officials, and shirts, belts, and boots for those without officials, as well as general soap shirts, deep coats, large belts, shoes, crows, and plunder, all of which are displayed in the middle and east of the east room with tables, with the north as the head. Wine pourers and plates are also displayed on the north side of the crown on the table. The heads, hats, crowns, and scarves were to be served on a plate, covered with a cloth, and displayed on a table under the west steps. A deacon is on the side, and if the crown is the eldest son, the seat is placed on the east of the staircase, slightly north, to the west; The sons are on the west side of the stairs and south on the south. Zongzi's self-crown is like the seat of the eldest son, and the east of the stairs is slightly south)

(6) The master is established in the following order

The master and below, dressed in full costume and in place. The master is at the foot of the stairs, slightly easterly, facing west. Behind them, the children, relatives, and servants, lined up in rows, facing west, and north as up. Choose one of the people who are relatives and worshippers to be a maid and stand outside the gate, facing west. The crown is double, four (clothes next to the word plus 癸, kui4, clothes) shirt, silk, shoes, in the east room, facing south.

(7) Guest, the host welcomes the ascendant

Zhengbin himself chooses his children, relatives, and worshippers as praisers. The guests and praisers all dressed outside the gate, facing east. The liker is on the right side of the guest, a little back from the place. The servant enters, informs the master, and the master goes out, faces west, and bows to the guest again. Binda worships the host. The master salutes the praiser, and the praiser returns the praiser. Then the guest of honor will get started. The guest and the praiser follow the master to enter the door, give way to the bottom of the stairs, and give in again to climb the stairs. The master ascended the stairs first, and stood on the east side of the stairs, facing west. The main guest ascends the stairs from behind the west stairs and stands on the west stairs, facing east. The praiser washes and wipes his hands, ascends the steps from the west steps, and stands in the middle of the room, facing the west. The feast is set up in the east order, slightly northerly, facing west. Leave the crown out of the room, facing south.

(8) Binyi will be the champion

The guest bowed to the crowner. Stand the crown on the right side of the seat, facing the seat. The praiser takes the plunder, places it on the left side of the seat, and stands on the left side of the crown. The person who is the guest will be crowned, and kneel on the spot. The praiser is improvised, such as the guest kneeling, entering for it, merging, and plundering. The guest goes down, the host also goes down, the guest washes, the host shakes the guest, and the step is reset. The deacon enters with a crown scarf, and the guest goes down a step down, takes the crown, holds it, and is upright, and goes to the front of the crown, and wishes to the general: "The auspicious moon and the day, the beginning of the Jiayuan service, the abandonment of Youzhi, Shun Er Chengde, Shou Kao Weiqi, to introduce Bifu." Then he knelt down and put on the crown of the crowned one. The praiser knelt in with a scarf, and the guest took it, plus, Xing, reset, and crowned the one. The crown goes to the east room, takes off the four (next to the clothes) shirt, changes into a deep coat, enlarges the belt, accepts shoes, goes out of the room, is positive, south-facing, and stands for a long time.

(9) Re-crown (hat, leather belt, shoelace)

The Champion of Bin. The crown is impromptu and kneels. The deacon entered with a hat, and the guest took it down two steps, and took the hat in front of the crown, wishing it and saying: "Auspicious moon and order, Naishenerfu, Jin'er Weiyi, Shushunerde, eyebrows and longevity, enjoy Hu Fu." "Kneel, plus, rejuvenation, reset, crown. The crown went to the east room, took off his deep clothes, changed into a soap shirt and leather belt, tied his shoes, and went out of the room to stand.

(10) Three crowns (wearing a crown on the head), official uniforms, leather shoes, and shoes

If the etiquette is added, but the deacon enters with a bow, and the guest descends three steps to accept, and the greeting says: "With the righteousness of the year, with the order of the month, the salty gar is served, the brother is there, and the virtue is to become a virtue, and the astragalus is boundless, and it is celebrated by the sky." "The one who praises takes off the hat for the crown, and binga the head. The deacon took the hat, removed it, and entered into the room.

(11) Jiao

The one who rejected the congratulatory set up a Jiao mat in the middle of the hall, facing south. The praiser drinks wine in the east room, goes out of the room, and stands on the left side of the crown. The crown, the crown is seated on the right, facing south. Zhengbin took the wine to the front of the banquet and faced the north to read the greetings and said: "The wine is clear, recommend Lingfang, worship and accept the sacrifice, to set Erxiang, inherit the rest of the sky, and never forget the longevity test." "The champion bowed to the guest, straightened up, faced south, and received the wine cup. The guest resets, facing east to bow down. The one who crowns is there, kneels and offers wine, straightens up, takes the end of the table, kneels, drinks, rejoices, hands the lamp to the praiser, faces south, and bows again. Bin looked east and said goodbye. The crown is the one who worships the praisers. The praiser is a little behind the guest, facing east.

(12) The person who prescribes the word (takes the word)

Bin descends from the west steps, facing east. The master descends from the stairs, facing west. The crown descends from the west steps, standing on the east side, facing south. The person with the word crown, the speech said: "The etiquette is prepared, the moon is auspicious, the word is announced, the word Kong Jia, the fashionable person is appropriate, it is suitable for it, it is always protected, and it is said that the uncle is a certain father." (or Zhong Shu Ji). The crown said: "Although a certain person is not sensitive, dare not come at night." Bin may also make a congratulatory speech.

(13) Out of the second (champion comeback)

The guest asks to retire. The host invited the concierge, and the guest agreed, and waited at the changing room.

(14) The crown is found in the ancestral hall

The master stood in front of the incense table in the ancestral hall and said goodbye: "The son of so-and-so, if the son of so-and-so, if the son of so-and-so, the crown is finished today, dare to see it." "The crown is between the two steps, and then bows down.

(15) The crown is seen in the elder

The parents of the crown sit in the hall facing south, the uncles and brothers in the east order, the uncles facing the south, the brothers facing the west, the women in the west order, the aunts and uncles facing the south, and the sisters and sisters-in-law facing the east. The crowned person faces north and bows to his parents, who are saluted and lifted up. If there is a Venerable person living together, the parents bring the crown to his room to worship him, respect the elder, and hold the crown up. Return to the east-west order, bow to each column of relatives and friends, and relatives and friends all bow down.

(16) It is a protocol

The host is courtesy and praisers with wine and food. Reward with coins (silk), thank you. The amount of coins is appropriate, and there is a difference between the guest and the liker.

(17) The crown is then seen as a friend of Mr. Yu Xiang and his father (the crown goes outside the ancestral hall and bows to the spectators)

(18) Licheng

(19) Banquet

Shi Guanli edits the entry

B Add a meaning?

Shiguan Li, the title of the article "Etiquette". The author of the rites, in fact, it is speculated that because the author of the "Rites" is unknown, later generations named it after the title of the first article "Shiguan Li".

original

Shiguan Ceremony. At the temple gate. The master Xuanguan, court clothes, ties, plain, that is, located in the east and west of the door. There is a division as the master's suit, that is, it is located in the west, east, and north. Those who are engaged in the Xi Juku are served in the West School. The cloth is in the middle of the door, outside the western threshold, on the west side. The Zheng people are in charge, pumping the upper sting, and holding on to it, and entering the master's orders. Zai retreated from the right and praised his life. The Zheng people promised, the right returned, sat impromptu, the west. The hexagram is on the left. Pawn, book hexagram, hold to show the master. The master is □, and vice versa. The people of Zheng returned, the east, the brigade occupied, the pawn, the enter, and the auspicious. If it is unlucky, then the sun is far away, as the first ceremony. Thoroughly. The sect is finished.

The host is a guest. Guest courtesy, Xu. The master said goodbye, and the guest replied. The host retreats, and the guest sends off.

In the first three days, Xiaobin is like a ritual of seeking the sun.

Nai Su Bin. The guest is like the master's suit, go out to the left, and say goodbye to the west. The host bowed to the east, and was a guest. Bin Xu, the host says goodbye, Bin answers. The host retreats, and the guest sends off. The same is true for the one who praises the crown.

On the eve of the Ming Dynasty, it lasts outside the temple gate. The master stands on the east side of the door, and the brother is on the south side, and the little retreats, and on the west side, and goes north. There are all the priests who are like living clothes, standing in the west, in the east, and going north, and the one who rejects them asks for a date, and the chief says, "Act wisely." Sue the brothers and the division. The story is over. The rejection is due at the Bin House.

Shuxing, set up washing, straight in the east Rong, north and south to the hall deep, water in the washing east. Chen served in the west of the room, led to the east, and went north. Jue Ben Suit, Silk, Pure Clothes, Tie Tie, Yun Wei. Leather clothing: plain volume, tie belt, plain □. Xuanduan, Xuanshang, Huangshang, miscellaneous clothes can also, ties, Jue □. Tie cloth crown, missing, green group tassel, belong to the lack; It is six feet long. Pi Ben 笄, Jue Ben 笄, 缁 Group 纮, 纁 Bian, Tong Zheng. Solid in the coffin. Pu Feast II, in the south. The side is a lily, in the north of the service. There are solid spoons, horns, and horns. Chestnut, southward. Jue Ben, Pi Ben, and Tie Cloth Crown each have a slump, and they are attached to the south of the west, the south, and the east. Binsheng is to the east.

The master, Xuan Duanjue, stands under the steps, straight to the east, west. Brother Bi Xuan, standing in the east, west, north. Xuanduan, negative East School. And the crown will be clothed, and the one will be clothed, and he will be in the middle of the house, on the south side. The guest is like the host's suit, and the praiser is from it, standing outside the outer door.

Rejection of the complaint. The host welcomes, goes out left, west, goodbye. Bin Bye. The host praises the one, and the guest is the first. Every song. As for the temple gate, enter. Three, as for the order, three lets. The master ascends, standing at the end of the order, to the west. Penn West Order, East Face. The praiser is in the middle of the house, on the west side, on the south side.

The praiser of the master feasts in the east order, the north less, and the west. The crown is out of the room, to the south. The praiser lays the line, the flute, and the south end of the feast. The one who will be crowned, and the one who will be crowned will sit at the feast. Those who praise sit, crow, and set. The guest descends, the host descends. Guest, the host is right. Bin Xu, pawn, Yiyi, Yilet, Sheng. The master is promoted, and the initial position is restored. Sit before the feast, Zheng, Xing, descend to the first class of the west step. The champion is promoted to the first class, and the east side is awarded. Bin holds the item with his right hand, holds the front with his left hand, enters the Rong, is a wish, sits as before, is the crown, Xing, reset. Praise the pawn. The crown is prosperous, and the guest is happy. Suitable room, service Xuan Duanjue, out of the room, south.

Binyizhi, that is, to sit at a feast. Ctenophores, set the flute. Bin, Zhengli as before, down to the second level, by the skin, the right item, the left before the front, in, wish, plus as before, reset. Praise the pawn. Xing, Binyizhi. Suitable for housing, service Su Su Su □, capacity, out of the room, south.

Bin descended to the third class, by the knight, plus, the service of the clothes, others such as the ceremony of the skin.

Thoroughly, the crown, the crow, and the feast are put into the room. The feast is held in the west of the house, in the south. The praiser washes in the room and drinks on the side; Added, covered, face leaves. Binyi, the crown is feasting, feasting west, south. Bin conferred liquor in the east of the house, plus the oak, the face of the fang, the north in front of the feast. The crowner bowed to the west at the feast, and the guest bowed to the east. Recommended. The crown is to sit at the feast, the left is obsessed, the right is sacrificed, and the three are sacrificed to the three, Xing; Sit at the end of the feast, sit, build, and rejuvenate; Descend the feast, sit and worship; Persistence. Bin Bye.

The champion is laid in the east of the recommendation and the feast is lowered; The north side sits on the chest; Descending from the west steps, suitable for the east wall, the north side is seen in the mother. The mother worships and receives, the son worships and sends, and the mother worships again.

Bindean, straight west order, east face. The master descended and reinstated. The crown stands on the east side of the west steps, south of it. The object is the right one, and the crown is right.

The guest is sent outside the temple gate. Please Libin, guest courtesy, Xu. Bin on the second. The crown is seen in the brother, the brother bows again, and the crown answers. And he who sees the praise, worships on the west, and so it is. Seeing aunts and sisters is like seeing mothers.

It is easy to serve, serve Xuanguan, Xuanduan, Jue □, and lay the best in you. So I saw the township doctor and Mr. Xiang.

It is a gift. The host is rewarded, tied to silk, and skinny. Likers are all with. Those who praise the crown are introduced.

When the guest goes out, the host sends it outside the door, and then worships; Return.

If it is not drunk, then the wine is used. Respect between the households, two rings, there is a forbidden, Xuanjiu in the west, add a spoon, the south. Wash, there is a fence in the west, Lam Soon. At the beginning, the Jiao is used to make a preserved 醢; Surrender, take the knight in the fence, resignation as before; Wash and drink. The crown worships and accepts, and the guest responds as before. The crown ascends to the feast and sits; The left deacon, the right sacrificial preserved liquor, sacrificial wine, Xing; Sit at the end of the feast and sip wine; Bow down, worship. Bin Bye. The crown is laid in the east of the recommendation and stands in the west of the feast. Thoroughly, knightly, and not thoroughly. Add Piben, such as the first ceremony; Jiao again, take wine, everything else is the same. Jia Jue Ben, such as the first ceremony; Three Jiao, there is dried meat folding, sipping, and the others are the same. The north side is taken from the breast, which is seen in the mother. If killed, then the special dolphin, carry the hesheng, away from the lungs in the Ding, set up a squirrel. The beginning of Jiao, as before. Re-Jiao, two beans, sunflower and scorpion; Two nuts, chestnut and preserved. Three Jiao, taking wine such as re-Jiao, adding it, snorting it, all the same, soaking the lungs. Pawn Jiao, take the preserved food to descend, as before.

If there is an orphan son, the father and brother will abstain and stay. On the day of the crown, the host welcomes the guests, worships, shakes, lets, and stands at the end of the prelude, all like the crown owner; Etiquette. Fan worships, the north side is on the steps, and the north side is also north on the west steps to bow down. If killed, then the Ding Chen is displayed outside the door, straight to the east school, north.

If the concubine is crowned outside the house, in the south, then Jiaoyan.

If the mother of the crown is absent, it will cause people to be under the western steps.

Jiebin, said: "There is a son and a son. and Gab at the head of it, and may the teaching of my son be also." Bin said: "I am not sensitive, I am afraid that I will not be able to work together, and I dare to resign because of my illness." The master said, "I wish that my son will teach him at the end!" Bin said, "My son has a life, do you dare to disobey?" Su, said: "A certain will be added to the head of a certain one, and my son will come to it, dare to stay." Bin said, "Do you dare to be happy?"

Shi Jia, Zhu said: "On the auspicious day of the month, the first plus yuan is served." Abandon your young ambitions, and become virtuous. Shou Kao Weiqi, Jieer Jingfu." In addition, he said: "The auspicious moon is the first to serve." Respect for the majesty, the grace of the soot. Eyebrows live for 10,000 years, and they will be blessed forever." Sanjia, said: "With the right of the year, with the order of the month, the salty gar is served." Brothers are there, in order to become a virtue. The astragalus is boundless, and it is celebrated by the sky."

Lici said: "Sweet and generous, recommend Lingfang. Worship and accept sacrifices, in order to determine the auspiciousness. Inherit the rest of the heavens, and never forget the life test."

Jiao Ci said: "The wine is clear, and it is recommended when it is good. The first Canadian dollar suit, the brother came. Filial piety is always guaranteed." Again, he said: "The purpose of the wine is both good, and the best is recommended." Naisher clothes, etiquette orderly. Sacrifice this Jiajue, inherit the heavens." Sanjiao, said: "The wine is fragrant, and the beans are Chu." Salty gar clothes, food rises and folds. The celebration of heaven is boundless."

The words say: "The etiquette is ready, the moon is auspicious, and the word is announced." The word Kong Jia, the fashionable person is suitable. It is advisable to be fake, and it will always be guaranteed, and it is said that Bo Moufu." Zhong, uncle, and commission, only what they should do.

屦, summer with kudzu. Xuanduan is black, green and pure, pure and inch. Plain accumulation of white, to burly, to the pure, pure inch. The lord is pure, and the black silk is pure, and the pure inch. Winter, Pi Tu can also. Not a.

Remember. Guanyi: the first crown, the crown of the cloth. The ancient crown cloth, Qi is bound. Confucius said, "I have not heard of it, and I can also crown it." The suitable son is crowned in the caste, so as to replace it. Concentrate on the guest position, and add success. Sanjia Mizun, the oracle is also. Title and word, respect its name. Appearance, thoughtful also. Zhang Fu, Yin Dao also. Don't chase it, the way of the Xia Hou clan is also. Zhou Ben. Yin Yin. Summer Harvest. The three kings have a total of skin and pigment products. There is no doctor's crown ceremony, but its faint ceremony. The ancients are fifty and the queen, what is the crown of the doctor? The prince has a crown ceremony, and the end of summer is also made. The first son of the Son of Heaven, the Jews, there is no one in the world who is born and noble. Succession to establish princes, like virtuous also. With the official man, the killing of Lourdes is also. Dead and slandered, and now also. The ancients were born without a lord, and died without a lord.

Collapse and edit this paragraph: the beginning of the crown ceremony: crown ceremony

The beginning of the crown ceremony: the crown ceremony

In the ancient clan society, there was a kind of "Chengding ceremony" that was popular. Minors in the clan may not participate in production, hunting, or warfare, and the clan has the responsibility to nurture and protect them. However, after they reach the age of adulthood, the clan has to test their physique and production and war skills in various ways to determine whether they can qualify as full members of the clan. With the development of society, the Chengding ceremony disappeared in most areas, and Chinese Confucianism saw its rational core and processed it into "crown ceremony" as one of the important parts of life etiquette. The "Rites" has an article "The Ceremony of the Crown", which records in detail the detailed rituals of the son of the scholar holding the crown ceremony. The "Book of Rites" has an article "Guanyi", which explains the meaning of the crown ceremony.

Collapse and edit this paragraph: Etiquette

The Shiguan ceremony is divided into two major ceremonies, the first is the pre-ceremony, and the second is the main ceremony.

The pre-ceremony is the preparation of the official coronation with the procedures prescribed by the ceremony, and the main links are:

Zodiac day: Divination to determine the date of the crown ceremony.

Guest: Divination among the guests to determine one person as the guest.

Appointment: Agree on a specific time for the start of the crown ceremony.

Guests: Invite the guests and all the guests.

Baptism: The crowned person is bathed before the ceremony and the specific grooming on the day.

The second rite is the ceremonial rite, the liturgical procedure on the day of the crowning, and the complete sequence is ten:

Furnishings: Early in the morning, ceremonial utensils, offerings and corresponding costumes are arranged.

Greeting the Celebrant to the Temple: The parents of the crowned person welcome the guests into the family temple.

Three crowns: the first cloth crown, which means that the crown has the ability to eat and drink; Second, add a leather crown, the leather crown is also known as the martial crown, which means that the champion has basic martial arts; Sanjia Jue Crown, Jue Crown, also known as Wen Crown, means that the crown basically has the ability to know books and etiquette; The meaning of the triple crown is to inspire the champion to continue to forge ahead from humility and respect, which is called "three crowns, and the will of the three crowns!"

The guest of honor will give wine to the crowner.

The crowned person sees the mother: The crowned person formally visits the mother who is determined by the ceremony, and it may not be the biological mother.

Guest Table: The official guest gives the crowned person a title other than his own name for ordinary titles, which is called "table character" to distinguish it from the name taken by his parents. After the crowning, the "table word" is replaced by the "name", and only the parents and monarchs can call their real names, and the etiquette is to revere the names taken by the parents for the crown. It is said that "the crown is the word, and the name is respected!" This program has been rare in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty, the world is turbulent, this kind of cumbersome program of one person and two names has largely disappeared or replaced by a flexible form, and most people are present in the world with their own names. For example, Su Qin inherited the Zhou rite because he was from Luoyang, and it was very rare to take the word "Jizi" when he was crowned. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the style of respecting Confucianism and recovering the gentry and nobles gradually flourished, and the ancient rites of taking words from their own names were restored, which became popular for a while. That's an afterword.

Meeting Family: The crowned person formally meets all family members as adults.

See the elder: The crowned person formally pays a visit to the elder patriarch or the monarch of the country as an adult.

Libin: The host family banquet for the guests.

Whoever folds and edits this paragraph as an adult will be responsible for the adult ceremony

The year of the crown ceremony, that is, the age of entering adulthood, has a certain degree of exquisiteness. Confucianism believes that human growth is inseparable from learning, and different age groups have different learning contents. "The Book of Rites: Internal Rules" says that at the age of six, he teaches the name of number and the four directions; At the age of eight, he taught to be polite and honest; At the age of nine, he taught Shuowang and sixty Jiazi; At the age of 10, he left his family and lived away from home, learning from his teacher the "calligraphy" (writing) and the "yuyi" (etiquette for serving the elderly), as well as the relevant etiquette chapters and daily responses. At the age of thirteen, he studied music, recited the Book of Songs, and practiced a dance called the spoon (Wen Wu); After the age of fifteen, he is called "Chengtong" and practices a dance called "Xiang" (a martial dance with gange as a prop), as well as archery and imperial chariots. After seven years of study, that is, at the age of 20, he already has a certain foundation of cultural knowledge, and his blood is strong, his body is mature, and he can face the society independently. After adulthood, you have to enter a higher level of learning, and the content of learning is specifically recorded in the "Book of Rites and Internal Rules".

When people are adults, why do they have ceremonies? What does it mean? "The Book of Rites: Guanyi" says: "Those who are adults will be responsible for adult etiquette." Those who are responsible for human etiquette will be responsible for the courtesy of a son of man, a brother, a minister, and a lesser person. Isn't it important to blame the four for their deeds?" It can be seen that this ceremony is held to remind the person who performs the crown ceremony: from now on, he will be transformed from a "child" who has no responsibility in the family to an adult who has officially stepped into the society, and only by practicing the virtues of filial piety, loyalty, and obedience can he become a qualified son, a qualified younger brother, a qualified subordinate, a qualified junior, and a qualified social role. Only in this way can one be called a human being and be qualified to govern others. Therefore, the crown ceremony is "the etiquette of demanding a person with the rite of passage".

Fold and edit this paragraph of Zheng Ri and Xiao Bin, so I respect the crown also

Since the crown ceremony is so important, it will be reflected in the ceremony in a special way. First of all, the day of the crown ceremony should be chosen in the form of a divination, and it should not be arbitrarily decided. The ritual festival that chooses an auspicious day is called "Zheng Day". The reason why the crown ceremony should choose an auspicious day, "Guanyi" said that it is to "seek its eternal auspiciousness", and hope that the crown will have a good start from now on.

The crown ceremony is the coming-of-age etiquette of the heir of the family, and it is a major event related to the inheritance and development of the family. In ancient times, such a solemn ceremony had to be performed in the family temple. "Guanyi" explains: "Those who do in the temple respect things, respect things but do not dare to be good at important things, and do not dare to be good at important things, so they are inferior and respect their ancestors." It has the meaning of bowing in the name of the ancestors, which is the meaning of "the crown and the wife must be sued (sue the temple)" as stated in the "Book of Rites: King Wen's Son".

After the date is set, as the host of the crown ceremony (the father of the person who will be crowned), he must notify his colleagues and friends three days in advance and invite them to come to the ceremony. This ritual is called "precept", and precept means to inform and inform.

Again, the master selects a person of high moral standing from the reported wingmen to be the crowned guest by means of divination, and this ritual is called "Xiaobin". On the day of the crown ceremony, the guest must be present, otherwise the ceremony cannot be completed, so once the candidate is determined, the host must go to the guest's home one day in advance to make a special invitation. In addition, a "liker" is also invited, that is, an assistant who assists in the crowning of the guests. Determining the crown day and the candidate for the guest by divining the Zheng Zheng is a solemn performance, so the "Guanyi" said: "The ancients, the crown ceremony is the day and the guest, so respect the crown." Respect for the crown is so important, and heavy etiquette is also for the country. “

Collapse and edit this paragraph of the three Ka Yazun, plus there is also a success

The main part of the crown ceremony is to add three kinds of crowns, such as the cloth crown, the leather crown, and the knight to the head of the crown. The cloth crown is actually a piece of black cloth, according to legend, the ancient times with white cloth as the crown, if there is a sacrifice, it is dyed black, so it is called the cloth crown, this is the original crown. The crown ceremony is to educate young people not to forget the hardships of their ancestors. The nobles of the Zhou Dynasty no longer wore cloth crowns in their lives, so they were put aside after the crown ceremony. The second is to add a skin ben, the shape of the leather ben is similar to the melon skin hat of later generations, sewn with white deerskin, and worn with the court clothes, the status is better than the cloth crown. Finally, add Jue Ben, "Jue" through "Sparrow", the material used in Jue Ben is similar to the color of the finch head (red and reddish), hence the name. The knight is worn on solemn occasions such as the sacrifice of the king of the co-organization, and the status is the most respectful. Three crowns, the most humble status of the cloth crown in the front, the status of the slightly respectable skin in the second, and the jue Ben in the last, each more respected, is a metaphor for the crown of the virtue can increase day by day, so "Guanyi" said: "Three plus Mizun, plus there is success."

Before the crowning, the three crowns are placed in three bamboo vessels, held by three priests, and they stand down from the second step of the west staircase. The crowned person has a special seat in the hall, and his position varies according to his status. The seat of the eldest son is located on the upper steps, and the seat of the eldest son (the half-brother and half-brother of the eldest son) is located in the north-east of the hall. The face of the hall is facing south, there are two steps in the east and west in front of the hall, and the east step is for the master to go up and down the hall, so it is called the main step, also called the step; The west step is for guests to go up and down the hall, so it is called the guest step. "Etiquette and Ceremony" says: "The son-in-law is crowned in the throne, and the generation is also the heir." "Writing" is the meaning of manifestation, "generation" is substitution, and above the rank is the position of the master, so that the eldest son is crowned here, which is intended to highlight his qualification to replace his father's position in the family in the future.

Before crowning, the praiser combs the hair of the crowner, and then wraps the hair with silk to make all preparations. In order to show cleanliness, the guests should first go to the west steps to wash their hands, then go up to the hall and sit down in front of the crowner's seat, straighten the silk wrapped on the crown's head with their own hands, and then get up, walk down the steps from the west steps, take the cloth crown from the hands of Youji, walk to the seat of the crowner, first straighten his appearance, and then give a congratulatory speech: "The month and the time are auspicious, now I will begin to crown you." Abandon your childish heart and nurture your adult virtues. May you live a long and auspicious life and increase your blessings. "After wishing him well, he put on a cloth crown with his own hands. Then the assistant will tie the crown for the crowner. The crown person enters the room, takes off his clothes, and changes into a Xuanduan costume matching the cloth crown and leaves the room, facing south, to show the guests.

The etiquette of the second and third plus rites is basically the same, except that for the second crown, the guest has to walk down two steps from the west steps; For the third coronation, you have to go down three steps, because Ariji, who holds Piben and Jueben, stands in different positions. In addition, the congratulatory message for each crown changes slightly, but the meaning is the same, which is nothing more than to encourage the crowned person to abandon the young and playful and lazy heart, and establish the ambition to enter the moral industry. This is the heartfelt wish of the seniors to the champion, and it is an important part of adult education. After the congratulatory speech, the champion must answer. After each crown, the champion has to go into the room to change into the corresponding costume, and then go out of the room to show the guests.

It is not difficult to find that one of the important contents of the crown ceremony is to educate the body, color, and rhetoric, which has a deep meaning. "Guanyi" said: "The beginning of etiquette and righteousness lies in the correct appearance, the same color, and the same rhetoric." The appearance is positive, the color is uniform, and the rhetoric is followed by etiquette and righteousness, so as to be the monarch and minister, the father and son, and the elder and young. Monarchs and ministers, fathers and sons, elders and children, and then etiquette and righteousness. "Man is distinguished from beasts because he knows etiquette, and etiquette is based on good looks, dignified expressions, and deferential speech. To be responsible for the rite of passage, we must first begin with the education of the body, color, and rhetoric, and only in this way will the praiser and the guest take the trouble to comb their hair, straighten the silk scarf, and let him show his physical appearance. "Guanyi" says that "the crown is the beginning of the ceremony", which is exactly what it means. Liu Xiang said in "Shuo Yuan" that the meaning of the crown ceremony lies in "cultivating virtue in the heart and being courteous outside", which is "both to cultivate virtue and to be upright", and quoted Confucius's words: "Correct its clothes, respect its gaze, as if people are afraid of it, and it is not powerful but not fierce?" It can be said that it has a deep purpose.

After the completion of the Sanjia ceremony, the ceremony of the li-crowned person is held. The crown is seated in the west of the door of the hall, and the guests present a salute to the crown and give a congratulatory speech: "The luscious liquor is mellow, and the best preserved wine is fragrant." Please bow down and offer preserved food and liquor to lay down your blessings. Inherit the blessings of heaven, and never forget the years of longevity. The crown bearer drinks according to the prescribed etiquette, then gets up and leaves the table, and bows to the guest for the successful completion of the crown ceremony, and the guest returns the salute.

Collapse and edit this paragraph has been crowned, and the way of adults is also

The ancients had surnames, names, and words, such as Du Fu's surname Du and Mingfu, and the words are beautiful. Zhuge Liang's surname is Zhuge , his name is bright, and his name is Kongming. According to the Book of Rites, in ancient times, three months after the birth of a child, the mother carried him to his father, and the father "cough (hai) is named", which means to take the child's right hand and gently scratch his chin with his index finger, giving it a name. Twenty years later, when the child grows up, the guest will choose another symbol for him at the crown ceremony.

The name is taken in addition to the name to show respect for the name given by the father. In ancient social interactions, only elders could call their juniors or the venerable to the inferior. Between the peers and the younger generations to the elders, they should be commensurate with each other to show respect, otherwise it is rude. In other words, "words" are used in adult communication, so "Guanyi" says: "The crown and the word are the way of adults."

There is a strict ritual for the guest to take the word for the crowner. Zhengbin descended from the west staircase and stood facing the west order, facing east. The master descended from the east staircase and stood facing the east order, facing east. The crown man stands on the east side under the west steps, facing south. The guest took the word for the crown and gave a congratulatory speech: "The etiquette is ready, on this good month and auspicious day, announce your name." Your words are beautiful, and they should belong to a handsome man. Where it is suitable is blessed, may you keep it forever. Your name is 'Bo Moufu'. "The first word of the Zhou Dynasty indicates the ranking, which is represented by Bo, Zhong, Shu, and Ji, depending on the situation; The last word "fu", or "father", is an honorific title for men; The "character" in the middle is generally related to the meaning of the name, such as Kongqiu, the word Zhong Nifu, Zhong is the ranking, Ni and Qiu correspond, Qiu is the hill, Ni is the Nishan, is the place where Confucius was born. The last character can be omitted, so the character of Confucius can usually be called Zhongni.

At present, few people in mainland China have taken words anymore, but in overseas Chinese areas, as well as cultural people in Han cultural circles such as South Korea and Japan, the trend of taking words is still popular.

5. Meet the Venerable and the Elder as a rite of passage

After the crown ceremony, the crown bearer should pay a visit to the relevant elder. Descend from the west steps, turn east, and go out of the east wall of the court, facing north, to meet the mother who is waiting here, and offer dried meat as a sign of respect. After receiving the mother's bow, she was ready to leave, and the crown was bowed and the mother bowed again. In this process, the crown of the son only bowed to the mother once, but the mother bowed twice, which is the ancient woman's worship of adult men, called "chivalrous worship", this ritual has been lost in our country today, but it is still preserved in Korea.

The crown went to see his relatives who were standing at the bottom of the hall. Relatives bow again to the crowner, and the crowner returns the salute. Then he went out of the temple gate and entered the dormitory door to see his aunt and sister, and the ritual was the same as seeing his mother. The crown person visits his mother, brothers, etc., which means that he will meet at home as a coming-of-age ceremony, so "Guanyi" says: "See the mother, the mother worships it; See in brothers, brothers worship them; Adults and courtesy. “

The crowned person went home and took off his knightly robes, changed into a Xuan Guan, Xuan Duan and a finch knee cover, held a pheasant in his hand, and went to meet the king. When meeting, the pheasant should be placed on the ground and not handed over to the monarch with his own hands, because it is a courtesy between His Holiness and His Holiness to give and receive it with his own hands. After the ceremony, the pheasant went to visit Dr. Qing and Mr. Xiang respectively. The so-called "Mr. Xiang" refers to the doctor who retired and returned to his hometown. This is the first time that the champion has visited the monarch, the township doctor, and the township gentleman as an adult, so "Guanyi" said: "Xuanguan, Xuanduan, lay the heart in the king, so I saw the township doctor, Mr. Xiang, and saw it as an adult."

After the crown greets the elder, the host rewards the guest with wine, and uses a gift. The so-called "gift of one offering" includes offering, sorrel, and reward, that is, the host first toasts (offering) to the guest, the guest uses wine to return the host (酢), and the host first drinks himself, and then pours wine and then respects the host (reward). In order to express his gratitude to the guests, the host presented him with five silk horses and two deer skins. At this end of the crown ceremony, the guest took his leave, the host sent it to the door, bowed again, and sent someone to bring the ceremonial figurines containing the meat to the house of the main guest.

When the township doctor and the township gentleman meet with the champion, they should teach the champion. How to teach, the "Shiguan Li" does not mention. Fortunately, the "Chinese Jin Language" has a detailed record of Zhao Wenzi's visit to Zhuqing after performing the crown ceremony, which can make up for the loss of the "Shiguan Ceremony". Zhao Wenzi first went to see Luan Wuzi (Luan Shu), Wuzi said: "I have worked with your father Zhao Shuo, he is a bit flashy, I hope you will pay attention to pragmatism in the future." He went to see Fan Wenzi (Fan Xie) again, and Wenzi said, "From now on, you must know how to guard against fear." A virtuous person is always more cautious when he adds grace, and only a person who lacks virtue will be arrogant because of his grace. He went to see Han Xianzi (Han Ju) again, and Xianzi said, "Remember! At the beginning of your adulthood, you should be good, and you should continue to enter the state of goodness from goodness, so that the bad will not be able to get close to you. If you can't be good from the beginning, and you keep moving from unkindness to even more unkindness, then goodness will not be with you. Just like the growth of plants and trees, things always follow the same kind. A person has a crown, just like a palace with walls, which must be repaired diligently. What else can I say?" went to see Zhi Wuzi (Xun Gang) again, and Wuzi said: "Children should remember: your great-grandfather Zhao Chengzi's literary talents, grandfather Zhao Xuanzi's loyalty, can you forget!" Children should remember: With Zhao Xuanzi's loyalty, coupled with Zhao Chengzi's literary brilliance, there is no unsuccessful service to the monarch. Finally, I went to see Zhang Meng, and first recounted the teachings of the previous ones, Zhang Meng said: "They said it so well! If you listen to Luan's words, you can reach the realm of Fan Xie's teachings, you can carry forward Han Jue's admonitions, and you can achieve consummation in the future. It would be nice if you kept in mind what Zhigang said. This is all the yin virtue of the previous king nourishing you!" The close relationship between the crown ceremony and education can be seen here.

6. Crown rites in ancient societies

The Zhou Dynasty implemented a patriarchal system with the primogeniture system as the core, and when the reigning emperor died, the eldest son could ascend the throne regardless of his age. However, as long as the new king who ascends the throne is not an adult, he cannot rule the court. For example, when King Wu of Zhou died, King Cheng was still in infancy, and although he entered the unification, he did not have the ability to govern himself, so he could only be regent by the Duke of Zhou. It was not until King Cheng came of age that Duke Zhou returned to power in King Cheng. The reason is simple, minors do not have the qualifications of the south. According to the "Historical Records of Qin Shi Huang Benji", it was not until April nine years later, that is, at the age of twenty-two, that he "crowned and brought a sword" and began to govern himself. It can be seen that for the emperor, the crown ceremony has a special significance. Not only that, but ordinary scholars were not allowed to hold important official positions if they did not perform the crown salute. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Zhou Fang", Zhou Fang was sixteen years old and a small official in Shijun. The ancestor patrolled Runan, summoned the rafters to test the scriptures, and saw Zhou Fang's "special recitation", and wanted to worship as a guard. Zhou Fang has not yet performed the crown salute and cannot obey his fate.

The Western Han Dynasty attached great importance to the emperor's crown ceremony. According to the Book of Han Hui Emperor Benji, when Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty performed the crown ceremony, he once announced "pardon the world", which was the beginning of the amnesty of the world due to the emperor's crown ceremony in history. Subsequently, there were people who were given titles because of the crown prince's crown ceremony, according to the "Hanshu Jingdi Benji", in the first month of the third year after Emperor Jing, "the crown prince crowned, and the people were given the first rank of the father's latter". According to the "Hanshu Zhao Emperor Benji", in the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Zhao was crowned, "to the princes, kings, prime ministers, generals, princes, clans, down to the people, gold silk, cattle wine has its own differences." Bestow 2,000 stone or less and the people of the world. There is no need to collect four-year or five-year oral contributions. Those who have not entered the change three years ago will not be accepted. Let the world be drunk for five days". It's like a festival celebrated all over the world.

In order to distinguish it from the crown ceremony of his subordinates, the crown ceremony of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty also specially wrote a crown speech. According to the "Naturalist Record" ("Continuation of the Han Book and Etiquette Chronicles" Note), its title is: "Your Majesty shows the glory of the first emperor, to inherit the Jialu of the emperor's heaven, to worship the auspicious Chen of Zhongchun, the state of Puzun Avenue, to lead the rest of the hundred blessings, to add the Yuan service of Zhaoming, to push the young ambition of Chongru, to accumulate the virtue of civil and military, to be diligent in the Qing Temple of Gaozu, within the Liuhe, the virtue of the Emperor, and the eternal and heavenly Wuji." This was the beginning of the later emperors to write another crown.

Ma Fang, the second son of Ma Yuan, the general of Fubo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, served as a guard captain during the time of Suzong, and his son Ma Ju often followed left and right. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Ma Fang", in the first month of the sixth year of Suzong, Ma Junian and Guan Ling, he was specially worshiped as the Huangmen Shilang. Su Zong personally went to the lower hall of Zhangtai, "Chen Dingyi, since the crown". It's a pity that there is only one record of the emperor coming to the courtiers in the history books.

From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown ceremony was once abolished. Liu Zongyuan said in his reply to Wei Zhongzhong's letter, "Guanli, people have not done it for hundreds of years", saying that there was a person named Sun Changyin at that time, "acting alone with anger", and after the Guanli was completed, he imitated the story of Zhao Wenzi seeing Luan Shu and others, and went to the court the next day, hoping that the ministers could teach him. After arriving at the outer court, Sun's recommendation wat said to the secretary: "A certain son is crowned." Unexpectedly, all the secretaries were inexplicable, and Uncle Jingzhao Yin Zheng was stunned and said, "What does this have to do with me?" The Minister of Civil and Military Affairs burst into laughter. It can be seen that the ministers of the imperial court no longer know what the crown gift is.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, "the official crown ceremony imitates the scholar ceremony and gains, as for the crown system, it is one to five products, and the three plus all use the crown." Six products down, three plus with Jueben". It can be seen that in the Tang and Song dynasties, the crown ceremony was practiced among the officials, and different crowns were added according to the rank.

Some scholars and doctors in the Song Dynasty felt that Buddhist culture was a strong impact on the public level, resulting in the rapid loss of inherent culture, and advocated the implementation of rituals such as crowns, marriages, funerals, and sacrifices in the whole society to promote Confucian cultural traditions. Sima Guang said bitterly: "The crown ceremony has been abandoned for a long time. In recent times, human affection has been particularly light, and giving birth to children is still drinking milk. It is a scarf hat, and there are officials or for the sake of making official uniforms. Those who are over ten years old are covered with fresh horns. How can he know what he is responsible for? Therefore, from childhood to adulthood, they are as stupid as they are, and they do not know the way of adulthood. (quoted in "Zhu Zi's Family Rites") believes that the abolition of the crown ceremony makes people light and thin, and they do not know the way of adulthood from childhood to adulthood, thus causing serious social problems. Therefore, Sima Guang formulated the ceremony of the crown ceremony in his "Book of Rituals", stipulating that a man between the ages of 12 and 20 can perform the crown ceremony as long as his parents do not have more than one period of mourning. In order to adapt to the changes of the times, Sima Guang simplified the "Shiguan Li" of the "Rites" to make it easy for the public to grasp. In addition, according to the living customs of the time, the crown of the three additions was adapted: the first scarf, the second hat, and the three heads. "Zhuzi's Family Rites" follows the main rituals of Sima Guang's "Shuyi", but stipulates that the crown year is fifteen to twenty years for men, and puts forward corresponding requirements from the aspect of knowledge, "If you are a gentleman who is good at ancient times, and his son is more than fifteen years old, he can read the "Book of Filial Piety" and "Analects", and know the prescription of etiquette and righteousness, and then crown it, and Si Qi Mei."

Cheng Yi also strongly advocated the crown ceremony, believing that "if the crown ceremony is abolished, there will be no adults in the world". According to "The Ninth Year of Xianggong", when the Jin Mourning Banquet invited Lu Xianggong, when asked about Lu Xianggong's age, Ji Wuzi said that he was only twelve years old. Some people cited this example to advocate advancing the crown age to 12 years old, but Cheng Yi resolutely opposed it, saying: "This is not possible. The crown is responsible for adults, and twelve years is not a time to blame. "He thinks that if he is doing the crown, he must be responsible for the things of adults, otherwise it will be a false courtesy; If he cannot be held accountable for adult matters after the crowning ceremony, he cannot be expected to become an adult for the rest of his life, so that "even the princes of the Son of Heaven shall be crowned with twenty." ("Ercheng Testament: Mr. Yichuan's Words I")

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty edicted the crown ceremony, from the emperor, the crown prince, the prince, the official, the lower and the people, all formulated the etiquette of the crown ceremony, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" about the emperor, the crown prince, the prince of the crown ceremony is recorded a lot, indicating that the royal family members still maintain the tradition of the crown ceremony, "but from the official and descended, there are few people who can do it, the official of the ceremony, just prepare the story." It can be seen that few officials and people have performed the crown salute. After the Qing people entered the Central Plains, the etiquette system promulgated by the government has undergone great changes, although there are still five rites, but the crown ceremony that has long been the "important person of Jiali" no longer appears in the details of "Jiali".

Collapse and edit the woman's salute in this paragraph

In ancient times, men had a crown ceremony, and women had a crown ceremony. "The Book of Rites: Qu Li" says: "A woman is allowed to marry, and she writes with words." It can be seen that the woman holds a ceremony and takes the table character after the marriage. The age of the ceremony is smaller than that of the crown ceremony, and the "Book of Rites and Miscellaneous Records" says: "A woman is allowed to marry for five years out of ten, and she is a word." In this case, the age of marriage is fifteen years. If the woman has not been allowed to marry for a long time, it can be dealt with flexibly, and Zheng Xuan's note in the "Book of Rites and Internal Rules" says: "If she is not allowed to marry, she will be sentenced to twenty." The ritual of the ritual is not recorded in the literature, and most scholars believe that it should be similar to the crown ceremony.

In the Song Dynasty, in order to promote Confucian culture, some scholars constructed the ritual of Shishu women, and Sima Guang's "Shuyi" and "Zhuzi Family Rites" have special rituals. "Shuyi", the woman is allowed to marry, and she is married. The host woman is the guest of honor. The ritual is performed in the middle hall, and the deacons are filled with the women and concubines of the household. The seat is set up on the back of the coffin and the total jewelry is placed on the Zhuozi, and the crown is placed on the plate, and the top is covered with a handkerchief, which is carried by the deacon. The host greeted you inside the middle gate. After the guest gave a congratulatory speech, he was crowned and crowned, and the praiser gave jewelry to it, and the guest was suitable for a house, and he changed his back. The people to be seen are limited to fathers and mothers, aunts, brothers and sisters. The rest of the rituals are the same as those of the men's crowns. The rituals of "Zhuzi's Family Rites" are roughly the same as those of "Shuyi". If a woman marries, she can perform the ceremony. If you are fifteen years old, even if you are not allowed to marry, you can still perform the ceremony. The mother is the master. Three days before the ceremony, the guests are abstained from, and the guests are the guests on the previous day, and the guests choose to be the virtuous and courteous among the married women. furnishings, in the nave. Ming, Chen Fu, such as a crown ceremony. In order, the housewife is like the master's position. Guest, housewife welcomes in, ascending to the church. The guest is crowned for the general, suitable for the house, and the back is served. Take the word for the flute. The leader sees the elder, and the last protocol, the etiquette is the same as the crown ceremony.

The princess's ceremony, the literature is unknown, the "crown ceremony" of the "Zhenghe Five Rites and New Rites" does not mention it, and the "History of the Song Dynasty" has it, the emperor came to the inner hall in person, and it is estimated that it is modeled after the crown ceremony of the concubine. The Ming Dynasty rituals are not recorded.