Yang Chao's meeting with Hansen was very pleasant. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

Both sides welcomed bilateral trade and investment, Yang Chao welcomed Swedish enterprises to invest in China, Hansen also welcomed Chinese capital to invest in Sweden, and the two sides quickly reached some intentions, Sweden invested in the production of high-end precision machinery products in China, and a welding machinery factory, and China invested in a large shipyard and automobile factory in Sweden.

After that, Yang Chao expressed an extremely optimistic attitude towards the Swedish Social Democratic Party's governance, starting from the social form and history of Sweden, believing that the Swedes, as the descendants of the Vikings, have always had a relatively strong military culture, which has brought a very high organizational ability to the Swedish people.

At the same time, Sweden adheres to free trade, so that Sweden's economy is always very efficient and not rigid.

Then Sweden is rich in resources, with the most abundant excellent iron ore resources in Europe, and on this basis, a set of mechanical processing technology and industry has been developed, such as electric welding technology is actually invented by the Swedes, they took the lead in the shipbuilding industry to apply electric welding technology.

Swedish workers are highly organized, and as early as the 1880s, a national workers' organization was established. At the same time, around 1902, employers also formed a national employers' organization, with a high degree of political participation of the whole people, and each class had its own organization, so the ability to negotiate and protect itself was also strong, which helped the correct game of all classes in Sweden, so that there would be no scene of war against each other.

Yang Chao highly praised the moderate attitude of the Swedes, and lamented the various harsh conditions that had already occurred in Soviet Russia, such as Stalin's purge policy of Bukharin, Tuoniu and other factions, the policy of violent extermination of the kulak class, and the purge of the capitalist class, and predicted that their political form would continue to be harsh.

However, he did not blindly criticize, but analyzed it from a rational attitude. And seek illustrations in China's long history.

Yang Chao told Hansen that China has a long history of dynastic change, often retaining the changes of the previous generation of social elites, the more moderate and the more brutal the Qin Dynasty, which was known for its brutality, was actually far less cruel than some later dynasties, Qin Shi Huang did not launch a political liquidation during his lifetime, nor did he kill heroes. Although the Tang Dynasty was dominated by the Li family, who were born in Xianbei, they were able to accept the elites of other nationalities with a broad mind, and finally won the support of the whole people, and their status in Chinese history was high. In the Song Dynasty, the Zhao family released the military power with a cup of wine, and the society always maintained a moderate character.

On the other hand, the most glorious Han Dynasty in Chinese history, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the political form was extremely harsh, and Liu Bang almost killed all the heroes who fought the world with him. The Ming Dynasty, which rebelled against the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, killed more than one million heroes and their families.

The reason for this is that the Han and Ming dynasties re-established the entire social system in chaos, which is equivalent to rebuilding order in a disorderly state, so it has to go through a long period of pain; The Tang Dynasty was established by the previous generation of nobles, and the Zhao family in the Song Dynasty was also a family of several generations of eunuchs, all of whom possessed traditional political wisdom and political order inheritance.

Through research, zoologists have found that wolves, lions and other group animals on the African grassland are not actually thirsty for killing, and they will not blindly slaughter after hunting food that satisfies survival, because although the beasts that survive in the natural state of the grassland have the alternation of new and old beast kings, their living habits have always been retained; After a large number of white farmers intervened, the dingos in Australia suddenly became cruel and easy to kill, sometimes taking the keys to entire flocks of sheep. In the Australian aboriginal era, the Australian dingo was only hunted to meet the food of survival, zoologists found that it was because the white farmer used poison to poison many dog leaders, resulting in the loss of the order of the wild dog pack, just like the lack of the elderly class with rich life experience in human society, too young to appear blind and radical.

Even dogs, not to mention people, Soviet Russia liquidated the officials, aristocrats, capitalists, landlords and even kulaks of the tsarist era, the entire elite of society was eliminated, and the rulers were completely inexperienced and inevitably made all sorts of mistakes.

This is the truth that the whole class of society is young, radical and inexperienced, but they think they are mature, steady and understand, and they do whatever they want, without knowing what to do or what they want, regardless of the consequences, like an Australian dog pack without the leadership of its leader.

Although Hansen did not fully agree with Yang Chao's theory in the end, as the leader of a workers' party, he himself still had a high sense of respect for Soviet Russia, after all, the Swedish model had just begun, and even they themselves did not know that they were embarking on a unique path, so they had no idea about their own future, but were rejoicing at the achievements of Soviet Russia in which the workers were in charge.

Hansen himself, born as a small clerk, can be said to be a very pure proletarian class employee, and he has not received systematic education, only the level of basic education, but the Swedish society is not as solidified as Soviet Russia, close to the industrial center of Western Europe, and insists on a free economy, the level of industrial development and social development are quite high, Hansen through hard work, participated in the creation of the Youth League, served as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, and established his social class step by step.

When Hansen came to power, he was already in the middle and upper echelons of society, so his worldview was relatively moderate, and when they lost the election in 28, Hansen decided to reform, proposing to establish a people's party, to establish a people's house, and said that "if Swedish society is to become a good family for its citizens, it must abolish the jie-class difference, develop social care, implement economic equality, and economic and social ownership...", through the improvement of social welfare policies, and began to pay attention to the strategy of reconciliation and cooperation, They won the support of the peasants, formed an alliance with the peasants, and gained the understanding of the bourgeoisie, so that in 32 years, when the economic crisis was deep, they won a great victory, and finally won the position of power.

But Hansen's position at this time was not on the opposite side of Soviet Russia, just like the British Labour Party believed that they were the same organization as Soviet Russia, and after the Labour Party was in power, Britain recognized the legal status of Soviet Russia, and Hansen, like the British Labour Party, believed that Soviet Russia was leading, revolutionary, and progressive, and it was not until Soviet Russia began to criticize their moderate approach that they began to think about their own path, and only then did they really embark on a different path.

Yang Chao is actually not interested in these things, in his opinion, no matter what social system, in fact, the biggest role is always stability, and the further is to provide social services, throughout history, no matter what society, as long as it can maintain peace and stability for 30 years, and provide social services such as education for all, then 30 years is enough for them to keep up with the world average.

In fact, the Chinese have done this very early, and they have done it again and again, so there are often many prosperous times in history, and every time it appears at the beginning of a dynasty, it is because the dynasty is newly established, the new system is established, and it has maintained stability for decades, so it is natural that the economy is prosperous, the population surges, and it becomes a prosperous era.

But in modern times, the ancient Chinese ruling model, obviously has not been able to keep up with the requirements of the industrial era, so innovation is necessary, as for what the innovation becomes, whether it is to learn from Japan or the United States or the United Kingdom or Germany or to learn from Soviet Russia, there is no fundamental difference, as long as the long-term peace and stability and the educated population needed by the industrialized society are solved, then the country can develop, and the reform is the best case, while Brazil and India, which have never been able to complete compulsory education, are the failure cases.

As long as the whole society is composed of well-educated talents from top to bottom, then the competitiveness of the whole society will reach the world's intermediate level, and the elite will definitely be able to reach the world-class level, so that the whole society will also enter the world-class level.

In this process, the biggest challenge comes from within, from stability.

After the friendly exchange with Hansen, I also had an exchange with the Danish delegates who came with me, Denmark, like Sweden, had a relatively late period of industrialization, which was naturally formed, and it was only after Britain had completed industrialization that they began the industrial revolution. It's not that they are backward in the times, technology has no borders, during the industrial revolution of the British, the steam engine has long been introduced to Denmark, but the industrial revolution is not the introduction of one or two technologies, but the social and economic accumulation to a certain extent and the drastic economic changes, the only purpose of the change is to adapt to the industrial society.

In a period and in a region, there is generally only one country in the industrial revolution, because when the country carries out the industrial revolution, it often means that the country is the most competitive, the country's productivity is stronger, before they complete the industrial revolution, other countries can not have a chance, Britain during the industrial revolution, resulting in the northwest European region of Britain is the most efficient, talents, capital are flocking to the United Kingdom Other countries can not have a chance, not even a capital-rich country like the Netherlands, let alone Denmark.

After Britain completed the industrial revolution, the technological revolution began to spread to other countries, the first wave was large countries such as France and Germany, and the second wave was the turn of Denmark and Sweden and other Nordic countries.

Like Sweden, Denmark completed the compulsory education system long before the Industrial Revolution, creating a good human resource base for the occurrence of the Industrial Revolution, so when the Industrial Revolution came, the development was very stable and rapid.

And this kind of natural industrial revolution is often automatically promoted by capital, so the development of industrialization is often very suitable for the national conditions, just like Sweden around their rich high-quality iron ore resources, the development of machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding and other industries, Denmark according to their good agricultural conditions, the industrial revolution focused on the food processing industry and leather manufacturing industry.

Denmark has a flat terrain and moderate rainfall, so agriculture is developed, two-thirds of agricultural output is exported, so their industry revolves around the food processing industry, it is the main butter (raw material is butter), pork, leather in Europe, they are the largest leather processing center in Europe, tens of millions of leather exports every year.

Just as iron ore, machinery and shipbuilding were enough to support the industrialization of a small country like Sweden, the food processing and leather industries were enough to support Denmark's industrialization.

In the process of development, it is impossible for such a small country to rely on its own accumulation of industrialization funds, and it is impossible to rely on itself to solve market problems, so they often adhere to free trade, so they are very dependent on countries with huge markets like China. It is suitable for the production of penicillin using corn and other starch as raw materials.

Yang Chao promised to build the largest penicillin processing plant in Denmark in Europe to produce penicillin to meet the needs of the whole of Europe, which is a huge investment, at least more than 10 million US dollars, so the Danish government is very happy.

But some people don't understand, Yang Chao seems to be too favored by the Nordic countries, and the cooperation with these countries is very generous, as if there is some kind of preference, even Zhang Nian's cronies are difficult to understand what Yang Chao is doing, if Yang Chao puts the object of cooperation on Germany, he does not doubt it at all, but what is the benefit of cooperating with countries like Sweden and Denmark that have no international influence on China?

No wonder Zhang Nian doesn't understand, because of Yang Chao's reasons, even if he gets it in the future, I'm afraid most Chinese can't understand it. (To be continued.) )