Huo Qu's disease

(140 BC - 117 BC)

A famous general of the Western Han Dynasty and a military strategist. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoPingyang County, Hedong County, (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi). The nephew of Wei Qing, a famous general of the Han Dynasty. Good at riding and shooting. In the sixth year of Yuan Shuo (123 BC), Huo Qubing was appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as the captain of the Yao school, and followed Wei Qing to attack the Xiongnu in Monan (south of the great desert of the Mongolian Plateau), with 800 people and more than 2,000 people, and was named the champion Hou. In the second year of Yuanjia (121 BC), he served as a hussar general. In the spring and summer, he led his troops to attack the Xiongnu who occupied the Hexi (now Hexi Corridor and Huangshui Basin) area, and annihilated more than 40,000 people. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to welcome the Hun evil king who led the people to surrender to Han, and at the critical juncture of some of the people who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, he led his troops to gallop into the Xiongnu army, killed the rebels, stabilized the situation, and the Hun evil king was able to lead more than 40,000 people to return to Han. From then on, the Han Dynasty controlled the Hexi region and opened up the road to the Western Regions. In the summer of the fourth year, he and Wei Qing each led 50,000 horses across the desert (now the Mongolian Plateau Desert) to attack the Xiongnu. After Huo Qubing defeated Zuo Xian's Wang Ministry, he pursued the victory, penetrated more than 2,000 miles, and annihilated more than 70,000 people. Later, he was promoted to the position of Grand Sima and held the same military power as Wei Qing. He used troops flexibly, paid attention to strategy, did not stick to ancient methods, was brave and resolute, won every battle, and won the trust of Emperor Wu. In the sixth year of Motokami (117 BC), he died of illness.

Heroes don't ask where they come from

Huo Quzhi was born into a legendary family. He is the crystallization of Wei Shao'er, a female slave in Pingyang's Princess's Mansion, and Huo Zhongru, a small official in Pingyang County, who did not dare to admit that he had an affair with the princess's female slave, so Huo Qubing could only come into the world as an illegitimate child. The illegitimate son whose father did not dare to admit it, and the mother who was a slave girl, it seemed that Huo Qu's illness would never come out, but a miracle finally befell him.

Around the time Huo Quzhi was just one year old, his aunt Wei Zifu entered the harem of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was soon named his wife, second only to the empress. Huo Quai's uncles Wei Changjun and Wei Qing were also immediately promoted to servants. The Wei family has changed its fate since then - at this time, I am afraid that no one would have thought that it was not only Wei Qing and Huo Qubing whose fate was changed, but also the change of shape between the Han and the Huns over the years.

Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was an emperor with great martial arts in Chinese history, and the Han Dynasty at that time had unstable borders and was constantly harassed by the Huns. As a nomadic people, the Xiongnu almost regarded the Han Dynasty, which made a living from farming, as a treasury for their own needs, burning, killing, and plundering everything. In the face of such a situation, the countries within the Great Wall have been powerless to fundamentally change since the Qin Dynasty, and there are very few times when they win, and more often they can only hope for temporary relative peace with their relatives and a large number of "dowry" property.

The talented Emperor Wu of Han wanted to change this situation, and he soon found someone by his side who had the same aspirations as him, and he was Wei Zifu's younger brother Wei Qing.

In the fifth year of Yuanguang (130 B.C.), Wei Qing worshiped the general of Che Cai, and the other three generals each led an army out of the fortress. In the process of this dispatch, the four-way army was defeated in three ways, and what was especially outrageous was that the veteran Li Guang was captured by the Huns, and finally escaped. On the contrary, it was Wei Qing, the "riding slave" who led the troops for the first time, went out of the upper valley and smashed Dragon City and killed 700 enemies. Wei Qing's military genius impressed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he went on repeated expeditions and achieved great results.

Born out of nowhere

Under the influence of his uncle, he was good at riding and archery since he was a child, although he was young, he disdained to stay in Chang'an City like other princes and grandsons to indulge in the shadow of his elders. He longed for the day when he would kill the enemy and make meritorious contributions.

In the sixth year of Yuan Shuo (123 BC), the Battle of Monan. Huo Quai, who was not yet eighteen years old, took the initiative to ask for help, and Emperor Wu named him the captain of Bi Yao and went out with the army.

On the battlefield, Huo Qubing relied on his blood and courage and 800 cavalry, galloping hundreds of miles in the vast desert to find traces of the enemy, and as a result, his original "long-distance running" encounter won the first battle, killing more than 2,000 enemies, and the two uncles of Xiongnu Shan Yu were killed and captured alive. And Huo Quzhi and others returned with their whole bodies. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately named him the "Champion Marquis" and praised his bravery in the three armies.

Huo Quzhi's first battle, with such dazzling results, announced to the world that the most dazzling generation of famous generals of the Han family was born.

God of War is invincible

In the spring of the second year of Yuanzhan (121 BC), Huo Qubing was appointed as a hussar general and led 10,000 elite soldiers to fight against the Xiongnu alone. This is the Battle of Hexi.

The 19-year-old commander Huo Qubing lived up to expectations, and he rushed in the thousands of miles of desert and fought a beautiful roundabout battle. In six days, he fought against the five tribes of the Xiongnu, advanced all the way, and fought a hard-fought life-and-death battle with the Xiongnu Luhou and Zhelan King in Gaolan Mountain. In this battle, Huo Qubing won a tragic victory, and only 3,000 of the 10,000 elite soldiers remained. And the Xiongnu suffered heavy losses - the king of Luhou and the king of Zhelan were killed in battle, the prince of Hun and Xiangguo and Duwei were captured, and 8,960 enemies were killed, and the Xiongnu slaughtered the Tianjin people and became the spoils of the Han army. After this battle of blood and fire, no one in the Han Dynasty questioned the ability of the young Huo Qubing to command the army, and he became a model for a generation of soldiers in the Han army, the embodiment of the martial spirit.

In the summer of the same year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to take advantage of the victory to pursue and start a battle to recover Hexi.

In this battle, Huo Qubing became the commander of the Han army, and Li Guang, a veteran for many years, and others only served as his response troops. What is laughable is that Gongsun Ao and other "old horses" who often run in the desert who cooperated with the battle were not as good as Huo Quai, the son of Chang'an two years ago, who actually got lost in the desert and did not play the role of due assistance. The veteran Li Guangsuo's department was surrounded by the Xiongnu Zuoxian King. Huo Quzhi went deep again alone and won again. In Qilian Mountain, Huo Qu's sick department killed more than 30,000 enemies, captured five Xiongnu princes, 59 Xiongnu princes, and 63 Xiangguo generals.

After this battle, the Xiongnu had to retreat to the north of Yanzhi Mountain, and the Han Dynasty recovered the Hexi Plain. The Xiongnu, who once did whatever they wanted on the head of the Han Dynasty and caused countless people to die in the Han Dynasty, finally sang a lamentation: "Death of my Qilian Mountain, so that my six animals will not rest; Losing my Yanzhi Mountain makes my women colorless. ”

Since then, the Han army has greatly boosted its military might, and the nineteen-year-old Huo Qubing has become the god of war that terrifies the Huns.

The thing that really made Huo Qu's illness like a god was "Hexi surrender", which happened in autumn.

After the two Hexi wars, the Xiongnu wanted to deal with the repeatedly defeated Hun evil king, and after the news leaked, the Hun evil king and the Hutu king wanted to surrender to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not know the truth of the surrender of the two kings of the Xiongnu, so he sent Huo Qubing to the Yellow River to surrender. When Huo Qu's department crossed the Yellow River, sure enough, there was a mutiny among the Xiongnu troops. Faced with such a situation, Huo Qubing actually rushed into the Xiongnu camp with only a few personal soldiers, confronted the evil king, and ordered him to kill the mutinous soldiers. We can never guess what the Evil King was thinking at this time. At that moment, he had every chance to take Huo Qubing hostage or kill him to avenge him, as long as he did, Shan Yu would not only not kill him, but reward him. However, in the end, the Evil King gave up, and the momentum of this young man who dared to take risks alone and was not afraid of life and death suppressed him. Huo Quai's momentum not only suppressed the evil king, but also suppressed more than 40,000 Huns, who did not continue to expand the mutiny in the end.

The surrender of Hexi ended smoothly, but today we can only try to imagine with admiration how the nineteen-year-old boy stood in the enemy's tent when the situation was blurred and full of dangers, and subdued the 40,000 soldiers and 8,000 rebels outside the tent with just one expression and one gesture.

On the map of the Han Dynasty, there were four more counties of Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang. The Hexi Corridor was officially incorporated into the Han Dynasty. This was the first time in Chinese history that the surrender of foreign captives was faced, which not only raised eyebrows for the Han Dynasty people who had suffered from the invasion of the Xiongnu for a hundred years, but also gave the Han Dynasty people the confidence to be a strong man.

Seal the wolf Juxu

In the fourth year of Yuanzhan (119 BC), in order to completely eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched the unprecedented scale of the "Mobei War".

At this time, Huo Qubing had become the trump card of the Han army without dispute. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had great trust in Huo Quzhi's ability, and in the pre-planning of this war, he originally arranged for Huo Qubing to fight Shan Yu, but due to intelligence errors, this game became Wei Qing's, and Huo Qubing failed to meet his most desired opponent, but ran into Zuo Xian's Wangbu.

However, this battle can be regarded as the pinnacle of Huo Qu's disease. In the process of going deep into Mobei to find the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing led his troops to run for more than 2,000 miles, with a loss of 15,000, annihilated more than 70,000 enemies, captured three Xiongnu princes, and 83 generals Xiangguo Danghu. It was about the desire to meet the Xiongnu Shan Yu, and Huo Quai, who was "lonely and seeking defeat", chased and killed all the way to the area of Kent Mountain in present-day Mongolia. It was here that Huo Qubing temporarily paused and led the army to carry out the ceremony of sacrificing heaven and earth - the ceremony of sacrificing heaven and earth was held in Wolf Juxu Mountain, and the ceremony of sacrificing the earth was held in Guyan Mountain. It's a ritual and a determination.

After sealing the wolf Juxu, Huo Qubing continued to lead the army to pursue the Xiongnu in depth, and fought until Hanhai (now Lake Baikal, Russia) before returning to the army. What an achievement it is to start from Chang'an and run all the way to Lake Baikal and win along the way in an almost completely unfamiliar environment!

After this battle, "the Huns fled far away, and there was no royal court in Monan". Huo Qubing and his "Sealing Wolf Juxu" have since become the highest pursuit of the lives of Chinese soldiers and the dream of lifelong struggle. And this year, Huo Quzhi was only twenty-two years old.

Even if you die, you still smell the fragrance of chivalrous bones

After accomplishing such an immortal feat, Huo Qubing also reached the pinnacle of his life: General Sima Hussar. However, only two years later, in the sixth year of Yuanjia (117 BC), the 24-year-old hussar general Huo Qu died of illness.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very saddened by Huo Qu's death. He transferred the ironclad army and lined up along Chang'an to the cemetery of Maoling Huo. He also ordered Huo Quai's tomb to be built into the appearance of Qilian Mountain, highlighting his miraculous achievements in overcoming the Huns.

Huo went to the sick and sealed the Marquis of Jinghuan.

Huo Qu was born as a slave and grew up in Qiluo, but he never indulged in wealth and luxury, and he put the safety of the country and his achievements before everything. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once built a luxurious mansion for Huo Quai, but Huo Qubing refused to accept it, saying: "The Huns have not been destroyed, why should they be at home?" These short eight words, because they came from Huo Quai's mouth, are shocking and engraved, engraved in the hearts of the soldiers who defended the country in all dynasties.

Huo Quzhi said less and did more deeds, and never said empty words. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once wanted to teach him the art of war in person, and he replied: "Fighting a war should be improvised, and the times are changing, and the ancient art of war is no longer suitable." ”

Huo Zhongru didn't want to be Huo Quai's father in the womb, and Wei Shao'er never told him about his life experience. When he made immortal achievements, he finally knew the cause and effect. Just after he became a hussar general, he came to Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), and knelt down to his father Huo Zhongru, who abandoned him back then, and said: "I didn't know that I was the son of an adult before I got sick, and I didn't fulfill my filial piety. Huo Zhongru was ashamed and didn't dare to respond, and replied: "The old minister has to trust the general, and this heavenly power is also." Subsequently, Huo Qubing bought a farm house for Huo Zhongru, who had never fulfilled his father's responsibilities for a day, and brought his stepmother's son Huo Guang to Chang'an to cultivate timber.

The young general Huo Quai's illness is not perfect, he once shot Li Kang, and he was also severe. However, no matter how grim he is, he is still a god of war, and all the soldiers aspire to become his subordinates and follow him to kill the enemy and make meritorious contributions. He led the troops to formally attack the Xiongnu four times in his life, and returned to the division with great victories, destroying 110,000 enemies, surrendering 40,000 enemies, opening up the territory and expanding the territory, and his military exploits were more spectacular than his uncle Wei Qing. For the entire military history of the world and the history of China, Huo Qubing is a legend that shines for a thousand years.

Huo Quzhi's tomb still stands next to Maoling, and the stone statue of "Horse Stepping on the Huns" in front of the tomb symbolizes his immortal exploits for the country. Thousands of years later, the world still thinks of the peerless demeanor of the young general Huo Quai, is overwhelmed by his spirit and wisdom, and is enthusiastic about his ambition to protect his family and defend the country without falling in love with luxury.

Evaluations through the ages

The Eastern Han Dynasty should write "Customs and Customs. When commenting on the general Du Liao Huang Fu Gui, he said: "Emperor Xiaowu treated the hussar general Huo Qu for his illness, and the edict regarded it as a royal decree, saying: The Huns are not destroyed, why should they be at home!" Go to the last of the sick relatives, all martial arts, can still resist the festival and Hong Yi; And the rule family is pure Confucian, why is it alone. "In the late Eastern Han Dynasty when the eunuchs of foreign relatives were autocratic, Qing people like Ying Shao were quite disdainful of their relatives, so that they had the words of the last relatives of their relatives, and they still had praise for Huo Qu's disease. And Huangfu Gui was a famous general and minister at that time, and there was a wonderful performance in the disaster of the party.

(Song) He Qufei's "Treatise on Huo Qu's Disease" in "Dr. He's Preparation"

Where the heavens are, those who cannot be strong and very high, the material is also; Those who cannot learn and understand what sex has received are also wise. With the world's unstrong materials and wisdom that can be learned, then all materials and wisdom are greater than others, and the reason why they are privately accepted by heaven is also. The affairs of the world are not in the soldiers, and the energy of the world is not skillful in war. With its gods, the gentlemen who are gentle and faithful and virtuous cannot know; With its ingenuity, and the evil and unruly villain often does it alone. From this point of view, all those who are wise and self-satisfied with the magic of soldiers are also the resources of heaven.

In the past, Han Wuzhi had something to do with the Huns, and his family would be handed over to the Saixia. And Wei Qing started from the * subordinate, went to the sick and worked hard in the arrogant boy, turned to fight thousands of miles, invincible, and the prestige and meritorious service were shocked in the world, although the ancient name will not be surpassed. Is the power of the two out of Su Xiye? It is also the capital of the sky. It is the book of Sun and Wu that Han Wu wants to teach to get sick, but he said: "Gu Fanglu is like an ear, and he does not seek to learn the ancient art of war." "Believe, soldiers can't pass on the law. The people of the past were speechless, and went to get sick. This is enough to know that it is a soldier.

A man can be a soldier, but a man can be uneducated. The soldiers are not out of the law, and the law is not able to be used in the soldiers. Because it must come from the law, no one can fail to learn. However, those who pass on the gains of the Dharma are also coarse. Because it is not enough to serve the soldiers, it is not allowed to be alone. Cover the law without getting it, and the person who passes it on is also wonderful. The law is determined, but the soldier is impermanent. Within a day, for a while, the clutch and trade-off, its changes are endless, a heel move, a flash, and the shape of the soldier changes. Keep a certain book, and respond to infinite enemies, the number of victories and defeats is uncertain. It is a soldier who is a soldier with the goodness of the ancients, and does not take the law as a guard, but uses the law as a use. It is often possible to give birth to the law because of the law, and to learn the law when it is separated from the law with the husband. Obey the ancient and the contrary to the present; Look up to others, and look down on yourself. Man dies by it, and I live by it; People lose, but I win. Treat it as clumsy, and die as a worker; If you are foolish, but you are wise. Luck and strange mutation, both victory and not words, then people do not know the reason for it. This is not to seek further study, but to take care of how the strategy is. The husband "return to the teacher, don't chase", Cao Gong defeated Zhang Xiuye, and Huangfu Song broke the kingdom. "Don't force the poor", Zhao Chongguo slowed down the first zero, and Tang Taizong committed it and surrendered Xue Rengao. "Those who fight for profit for a hundred miles are generals", Sun Bin killed Pang Juan, Zhao Hao broke the Qin army, and Jia Xu broke the rebellion. "Strong and avoid", Zhou Yafu did not attack the sharp of the Wu army, Guangwu committed it and broke the search and yi, and Shi Le committed it and lost it. "Those who have few soldiers and are defeated by the division of power", Di Bu covered the Chu army, Cao Gong used it, rejected Yuan Shao and beheaded Yan Liang. "Those who are in danger of the enemy and are easy to general", so the robber is also mourned, and Qin Jun uses it to break Zhao Kuo. Xue Gongce used three strategies, knowing that he would abandon the upper and middle and use the lower. Jia Xuce and Zhang Xiu were defeated by chasing the retreating army with elite soldiers, and won with the defeated army. Song Wu first expected to take me by surprise, and then attacked what he did by surprise. Li Guangbi temporarily went out of the field and returned suddenly, that is, the second general of Siming. All of this is illegal and can be taught. However, the good ones use it, and it is so skillful. This fruit does not care about the rest of the ancestors, and keeps it. Zhao Kuozhi can read his father's book in detail, and Lin Xiangru can read it without knowing the mutation. Therefore, when it comes to the army, although the father is extravagant, he does not think that he can, and he knows that he will defeat the Zhao army, and the book is useless. And the wonder is in me, not only can not be passed on by books, nor can it be reversed by the ability of my heart to be set on the day before the war.

In the past, those who used soldiers as books were no better than Sun Wu. Those who can teach others are prepared, and those who cannot be can be prophesied even if they are not obtained by martial arts, and only what people seek for themselves. Therefore, he said: "The victory of the soldier cannot be passed on first." He also said: "The change of Qi Zheng is invincible." He also said, "Everyone knows the form of my victory, but I don't know the form of my victory." Therefore its victory is no longer over, but should be in infinity. "Those who are good at learning martial arts, because of this, seek it for themselves, which is the so-called strategy. Those who go to the disease do not seek deep learning, and they just care about this. Whew! The last words of Zhisun and Wu, with the empty words of Cheng Ren, seek to be in line with their teachings, but not to seek what they cannot teach, but because they are good, they have also been in vain.

As for Zhao Yun and Yue Fei, who have quoted Huo Quai's famous words, the beautiful mansion given by the emperor also shows the sense of mutual recognition between famous generals and famous generals, and I am afraid that it is more precious and convincing than Comrade Wang Lang's comments. As for the Tang and Song poems, Wei Huo, the general of the Han family, and the wolf Juxu are even more old allusions.

General Qi Ji Xiao's new book preface (Wang Shizhen): "When Yu tasted the blame for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he went down to Korea, went to Yunnan, and swept through Ou, Fujian, and Southern Sanyue. Its most difficult person is the Hun ear, and the general and the hussar general are extremely deserted with light horses, and they are ambitious. Isn't this a blessing from the heavens? And the Taishi public biography, since the halogen was sealed outdoors, slightly but not loaded. Yiqi people use articles to raise the world, and they don't want to make the samurai see long ears. and read until the emperor wants to be a grandson. Wu taught hussars in the art of war, but refused to accept it, saying: "If you don't learn the ancient art of war, you can take care of the strategy." Then the husband knew the hussar general and the great general. Therefore, he is good at skill and short on the law, that is, he is not fortunate enough to be seen in later generations. ”

"General Military History of China" - "Military History of the Western Han Dynasty" (Author: Chen Wutong)

Huo Quzhi is not a general who is good at military theory, and he is not even interested in it. According to "Historical Records: The Biography of General Wei's Hussars", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once had the intention to teach him to learn "The Art of War" and "The Art of War of Wu Qi", but Huo Quzhi said: "Gu Fanglu is like an ear, and he does not learn the ancient art of war." "Huo Qubing is not a general who loves soldiers like a son and can share weal and butter with his subordinates. On the contrary, he was known in history as a "non-conscious", that is, he did not care about the hunger, cold, and clothing of the soldiers. When he set out on the expedition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent dozens of carts of food to the army, but when he returned from leading the army, "the heavy carts abandoned the meat, and the soldiers were hungry." Sometimes the soldiers were short of food and couldn't even raise their hands because of hunger, but Huo Quzhi was still "walking through the domain" and playing football for fitness. Obviously, Huo Quzhi is not a perfect military strategist. However, he was able to be invincible, and his military exploits far surpassed those veterans who were familiar with the art of war and experienced in a hundred battles, and the reasons for this were mainly the following three aspects:

First of all, Huo Quzhi has an extraordinary heroic spirit. Sima Qian said that he "has the courage to take responsibility", that is, he does not avoid hardships and dangers, bravely shoulders heavy burdens, and is brave and resolute. From his combat records, it can be seen that Huo Qubing has two major characteristics in fighting, one is that he dares to take risks, and the other is fierce and tenacious. The former means that he dares to go deep alone, and often rushes to the front. For example, when he was the captain of Bi Yao, he actually led only 800 cavalry and broke away from the large army, pursued hundreds of miles and fought several times as strong as himself (Huo Quai, who killed 2,028 enemies in this battle. It was already three times weaker than the soldiers he led, and the number of Huns fighting with it at that time must have been more than that). For another example, in the autumn of the second year of Yuanzhen, Huo Quai's generals greeted the evil king of the Huns who wanted to surrender to Han. The Hun army "saw the Han army and wanted to surrender a lot." "The situation is very chaotic. Huo Qubing immediately made a decision, took the lead in "galloping" into the Xiongnu army, and "had to meet the evil king of Hun and behead his eight cadres who wanted to die." He took control of the situation. From this, it can be seen that the words recorded in "Hanshu • The Biography of Huo Quai" that Huo Qubing fought "often with strong cavalry before his army" are true. The latter is to say that Huo Qubing dares to fight tough battles and vicious battles. For example, when Yuan Hunt went out to Hexi for the first time in the second year, Huo Qubing only led 10,000 cavalry, and the lone army drove straight in. After going through hardships and dangers, "the battle was fought for six days, and more than 1,000 miles of Yanzhi Mountain" were killed. On the way back to the division, the cavalry and the enemy "combined short soldiers" fought fiercely at the foot of Gaolan Mountain, although the victory was returned to the court, but the Han army "the division rate minus seven", the loss of more than half. You can imagine how arduous and fierce this battle was.

Secondly, Huo Qubing is by no means a brave horseman, but a brave and resourceful warrior who can win thousands of miles. Although the phrase "not to learn the ancient art of war" is not without bias, it can also be roughly seen from this that he is a general, that is, he does not stick to customs and conventions, attaches importance to the "strategy" before the war, that is, planning, and at the same time pays attention to improvising according to the actual situation on the battlefield. Huo Qubing is very good at using cavalry groups to maneuver in deserts and grasslands, and he can command cavalry to carry out short-range surprise attacks. It can also command cavalry to carry out long-distance and large-scale frontal attacks, and can use cavalry to fight sports warfare or encounter battles with cavalry, showing good tactical literacy and superb command art in battle.

Thirdly, the cavalry led by Huo Quai, whether it was a "light cavalry" of 800 people, or an army of 10,000 people or 50,000 people, were all carefully selected excellent soldiers. For example, during the Battle of Mobei, "those who dare to fight deeply are hussars". They are not only strong in martial arts, but also brave in battle, plus excellent equipment, so Huo Quai's troops are likely to be one of the elite of the Han army, and their combat effectiveness is far stronger than that of the "generals and horses". In addition, under the command of Huo Quzhi, there were also some Xiongnu captains who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, who were familiar with the Xiongnu Daoli, and could guide the Han army to drive straight into without losing their way, and also helped the Han army to take food from the enemy, so that they could lightly travel to the "great desert", give full play to their advantages of mobility, flexibility and speed, capture fighters, and create fighters.

Huo Qubing was personally cultivated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and pulled it up with one hand. His favor for Huo Qubing seems to surpass that of all ministers. Of course, there are many factors of nepotism and personal feelings, but the most fundamental reason is that Huo Quzhi has a strong spirit of loyalty to the monarch and a promising momentum. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built a beautiful residence for Huo Qubing and asked him to inspect it, Huo Qubing said, "The Xiongnu have not been destroyed." There is no home". In a sense, it is precisely because of Huo Quzhi's noble character that he has forgotten his home for the country that he can repeatedly advise him.

【The root cause of Huo Qu's victory】

1. It is the cultivation and utilization of national strength. From Gaozu to Emperor Jing, the Han Dynasty accumulated long-term reserves and enriched the treasury, which was one of the prerequisites for Emperor Wu to change and personally fight. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he changed the previous compromise policy of forbearance and peace, gave up "peace and proximity", and adopted tough offensive combat actions to completely eliminate the invasion of the Xiongnu. After more than a dozen battles with the Xiongnu, the threat of the Xiongnu was basically solved, and the Han Dynasty also recovered the Hetao area occupied by the Xiongnu, and opened Guantian in the border area, repaired the Great Wall, and the army reached 100,000 people. There is a thriving scene of peace and prosperity in the frontier.

2. It is the establishment and persistence of the implementation of the strategic thinking of active offensive. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, it always faced the military threat of the powerful Xiongnu. Although the policy of "harmony" has been implemented since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, countless gifts of goods and goods could not satisfy the greed of the Xiongnu nobles. During the reign of Emperor Wen, the Xiongnu invaded twice, and the troops approached Chang'an, the capital was in danger, and the Manchu Dynasty was terrified. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he changed the previous compromise policy of forbearance and peace, gave up "peace and proximity", and adopted tough offensive combat actions to completely eliminate the invasion of the Xiongnu.

3. It is the correct use and play of the tactical raid operation of the large corps:

1) Construction and use of cavalry. The period of Emperor Wu was an important stage in the history of China's military system, which was completed by the major transition from the combination of chariots and cavalry to the use of cavalry as the main body of combat. The large-scale use of cavalry groups, rapid mobility, and long-distance attacks were one of the main reasons for the Han army's victory over the Xiongnu in the early stage. The development of cavalry in the Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into stages by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which was previously equal emphasis on cavalry and chariots, and then completely replaced chariots by cavalry, and then became the main force of the Han Dynasty army.

2) It is the use of raid tactics. Huo Quai's combat strategy can be said to be an innovation in the Han army's tactical concept. His operations can be described as circuitous and deep, interspersed with encirclement, and completed the roundabout interspersed with the fastest speed, encircled the Xiongnu, and dealt a devastating blow to them from the weakest link. In the two battles of Hexi, his troops and horses gave up their baggage and materials, traveled lightly, fed on the spot, and quickly launched the main decisive battle when the Xiongnu had a stable foothold. In one fell swoop, he completely annihilated it and cut off the right arm of the Xiongnu. The so-called local feeding is to loot the rear of the Xiongnu to replenish military supplies. This strategy not only solved its own supply problem, but also hit the production capacity of the Xiongnu to the greatest extent. The economy of the Xiongnu was greatly destroyed, so that the Han Dynasty established its absolute superiority over the Xiongnu economically and militarily.

The Plague of the Xiongnu was a nightmare of the Qin and Han dynasties in ancient China. However, after three battles in Monan, Hexi, and Mobei, the troubles of the Xiongnu finally basically disappeared from Chinese history. This time, the Han Dynasty advanced northward to the edge of the desert, and occupied all of the Hexi Corridor and parts of Qinghai and Xinjiang, and established the Western Regions Protectorate. For the first time, the living space of the Han people was extended on a large scale, and almost all the marginal base areas of the Xiongnu and Lianghu were seized.

The admiration and love of future generations for General Huo Quzhi is not only the nostalgia and sorrow for the young hero, but also the admiration and yearning for the martial spirit. Therefore, Huo Quai's battle is the most heart-wrenching in the history of the Han nation's war, his victory is not only a complete victory in several foreign wars, but also has become a spiritual symbol of the monument, the entire Han nation is proud of it, it inspires and inspires generation after generation of Han sons and daughters, his sentence "The Huns have not been destroyed, why do you want to be at home!" The bold words made countless temperamental men bloody. Because of this, Huo Qubing has become the common idol of ancient scholars and generals, and people compete to sing, revere and love him, which has lasted for thousands of years since ancient times.

Cause of death

It is recorded in the Book of Han that he contracted a vicious disease during the decisive battle with the Xiongnu (the Xiongnu polluted the water source with infected cow samples), and then did not recover for a long time.