Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty (188~141 BC)

Emperor Jing Liu Qi was the eldest son of Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, and his mother Dou Ji (Empress Dowager Dou), who was born in the seventh year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (188 BC) in the Zhongdu of Daidi (now southwest of Pingyao County, Shanxi). Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 Info reigned for 16 years, died three years after Emperor Jing (141 BC) at the age of 48, and was nicknamed "Emperor Xiaojing". According to the Zhou Dynasty's "Interpretation of the Law", "Jing" is a beautiful saying: "from righteousness to help (success) is called Jing", "Qi (through "hobby") is concerned (likes to be thoughtful, good at fully planning) is said to be Jing", "Buyi Xinggang (spreading benevolence and righteousness, strong morality) is called Jing". Although it has the meaning of flattery, it still reflects the politics of Emperor Jing and his personality characteristics from several aspects.

Achievement

Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty had an important position in the history of the Western Han Dynasty, he inherited and developed the career of his father Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, and created the "rule of Wenjing" with his father; He also laid the foundation for his son Liu Che's "prosperous era of Han Wu" and completed the transition from Emperor Wen to Emperor Wu. So, how did Emperor Jing develop a favorable situation, eliminate unfavorable factors, and make the Han Dynasty reach a prosperous and powerful situation? From the kings, to the Huns, to politics, to the storage of four aspects, to explain and explain.

To the kings: successfully put down the rebellion and stabilize the imperial power

In the first three years of Emperor Jing (154 BC), a rebellion broke out in the kingdom of seven princes led by Liu Bi, the king of Wu, known in history as the Rebellion of Wu and Chu, or the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms".

The occurrence of the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu had both distant and proximate causes. In the twelfth year of Gaozu (195 BC), Liu Bangli's brother Liu Zhong's son Liu Bi was the king of Wu. Liu Bi, the king of Wu, opened a copper mine, minted "half a tael" of money, boiled sea salt, set up an official city, and was exempt from taxes, so the economy of Wu developed rapidly, and Liu Bi's political ambitions began to breed. During the reign of Emperor Wen, Prince Wu entered the court and played with the crown prince Liu Qi (i.e., Emperor Jing), and there was a dispute over the chess road, and the crown prince grabbed the chessboard and stoned Prince Wu to death. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty sent someone to transport the body back to Wu, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu, said angrily: "There is a sect in the world, and if you die in Chang'an, you will be buried in Chang'an, why bother to bury it?" The coffin was transported back to Chang'an for burial. Since then, Liu Bi has been in trouble. Emperor Wen of Han simply gave him a few sticks (coffee tables, walking sticks, symbols of respect and preferential treatment for the elderly), allowing him not to be invited to court. But Liu Bi, the king of Wu, not only did not repent, but became even more arrogant.

After Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Liu Bi, the king of Wu, became more and more arrogant, and the reverses became more and more obvious. The Imperial Historian Chao Cuo suggested that the fiefs of the princes and kings should be cut off and returned to the direct rule of the Han court. He gave Emperor Jing the "Cutting Domain" policy, advocating "cutting the domain", pointing out: "Today's cutting is also the opposite, and not cutting is also the opposite." Cutting it, its counter-urgency (rapid), small disaster. If you don't cut it, it's too late, and it's a big disaster. Emperor Jing adopted Chao Cuo's suggestion of "cutting the feudal domain", and in the first three years of Emperor Jing (154 BC), he successively cut off the Donghai County of Chu Wangwu, the Changshan County of Zhao Wangsui and the six counties of Jiaoxi Wang on various charges.

In the first month of the first three years of Emperor Jing, the edict of the Han court to cut the land was sent to the state of Wu. Wu Wangbi immediately executed officials below 2,000 stone (county level) sent by the imperial court. In the name of "Qing Jun's side, punish Chao wrong", he told all the vassal states. When the news came, Liu Ang, the king of Jiaoxi, Liu Xiongqu, the king of Jiaodong, Liu Xian, the king of Suchuan, Liu Piguang, the king of Jinan, Liu Wu, the king of Chu, and Liu Sui, the king of Zhao, also raised troops to cooperate. The "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" led by Wu and Chu finally broke out.

After Liu Bi attacked, he led an army of 200,000 to cross the Huaishui River to the west, and after joining with the Chu army, he formed the Wu-Chu coalition army. Immediately swung westward, killing tens of thousands of Han troops, quite a military might. Liu Wu, the king of Liang, sent troops to meet the attack, but the Liang army was defeated.

After the news of the rebellion reached Chang'an, Emperor Jing immediately sent Lieutenant Zhou Yafu (the second son of Zhou Bo, Marquis of Jiang) as a lieutenant, led 36 generals to meet the Wu Chu rebels, sent Qu Zhou Hou Li to attack Zhao, and the general Luan Bu led his troops to relieve the siege of Qi, and ordered Dou Ying (the son of the cousin of the Empress Dowager Dou) to be the general and stationed in Xingyang to supervise the battle.

While Emperor Jing sent Zhou Yafu and others to meet the rebels, his heart wavered, which gave Yuan Ang an opportunity. Yuan Ang was originally Wu Xiang and had a close relationship with Liu Bi. Yuan Ang said to Emperor Jing: "Fang Jin's plan is to make mistakes, send an envoy to pardon Wu and Chu, and restore their hometowns, so that the soldiers can stop without blood." In exchange for the Seven Kingdoms' strike, Emperor Jing really believed Yuan An's words and said, "I don't love anyone to thank the world", so he beheaded Chao in Dongshi and brutally punished the clan. It's a pity that Chao is loyal, so he was victimized by the villain's slander.

Emperor Jing made a mistake and removed the excuse for the Seven Kingdoms to raise troops, but the Seven Kingdoms still did not quit their troops, which further exposed their rebellious faces. Emperor Jing regretted it and decided to quell the rebellion by force. Zhou Yafu quickly quelled the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms like the Han army, and Wu Wangbi fled to Dongyue and was killed.

The Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was a crucial war between the central government of the Western Han Dynasty and the princely kingdoms, and it was won and lost in just three months. Why did Hanting win quickly? Why did the rebels fail so quickly? The answer can be summed up in at least three points:

The hearts of the ministers, the army, and the people are back. Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Yanwu cultivated literature and rested with the people, so that the social economy could be restored and developed, and the people's lives were gradually improved, so the subjects supported the Han family. For example, the civilian Zhao Shi suggested to Zhou Yafu that the Han army could quickly control the Luoyang Arsenal through Lantian and avoid Wu Chu's ambush and achieve a surprising victory. On the contrary, for the sake of their own selfish interests, Wu Chu and other seven countries drove the people, provoked wars, committed rebellion, undermined stability, and colluded with the Xiongnu, which was even more disgusted by the majority of the people, so they were opposed from top to bottom in the country.

Strategy, strategy is right. Since the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, Taiwei Zhou Yafu proposed to Emperor Jing and said: "The Chu soldiers are brave, and it may be difficult to win in a head-to-head confrontation, and I hope that by abandoning the land of Liang and cutting off the grain route of Wu and Chu, they can be pacified." "This plan is to temporarily give up some space in exchange for time, so as to achieve the purpose of containing the rebels and dampening their spirits. The later development of the war completely confirmed Zhou Yafu's judgment.

Talent is used properly. Emperor Jing is well versed in the way of employing people, such as Zhou Yafu, the captain of the Han army, as the commander of the Han army, which can be described as a selection of commanders. And although Wu Wangbi can widely recruit outlaws from all over the world, he can't really appoint them.

After the defeat of the Seven Nations, the situation changed a lot. Emperor Jing seized this favorable opportunity and set about solving the problem of the kingdom in order to strengthen the centralization of power. Adjusted the settings of the princely kingdoms. Of the seven countries that participated in the rebellion, except for the preservation of the Chu state and the establishment of a king of Chu, the remaining six countries were abolished. We will continue to vigorously promote the reduction of feudal domains. Since then, the vast majority of princely kingdoms have only one county, and their actual status has been downgraded to the county level, and the kingdom and county have basically tended to be the same. The number of counties under the central government increased from 42 to 26 in the time of Gaozu, and the number of counties directly under the central government increased from 15 to 44 in the time of Gaozu, making the total number of Han counties greatly exceed the number of counties in the princely kingdoms. This change is of great significance to the unification of the country and the strengthening of centralized power.

Suppress the status of princes and kings. "Order the princes and kings not to regain their power", deprive and weaken the power of the vassal states, take back the right to appoint and dismiss officials in the kingdom, abolish the "princes are all paid", only retain their rights to "food and rent taxes", and confiscate salt, iron, copper and other sources of profit and related taxes. After that, the princes and kings no longer had the material conditions to confront the central government.

After the reform of Emperor Jing, the princely kingdom system implemented in the early Han Dynasty has undergone obvious changes, and the princes and kings are nominally feudal monarchs, but in fact "only have food, clothing, rent and taxes"; However, the power of the princes and kings was not completely resolved, so that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had to continue to take corresponding measures.

To the Huns: and more battles, less fighting, ready to go

The Jingdi period was the "most powerful" period for the Xiongnu, and the powerful Xiongnu cavalry marched south to attack the Han land, burning, killing and looting, seriously threatening the rule of the Western Han Dynasty. At this time, the Han Dynasty had a social and economic recovery and development, but the conditions were still not ripe to defeat the Xiongnu. In this case, how did Emperor Jing deal with Han-Hungarian relations? In general, there is war and peace, but there are many wars and few wars, and peace is the main thing.

Emperor Jing insisted on peace and affinity, which eased the military conflict to a certain extent, won time for economic development, and prepared for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to counterattack the Xiongnu in the future. Of course, Emperor Jing did not blindly compromise, but also carried out the necessary resistance. In the few battles against the Xiongnu, a number of outstanding generals such as Li Guang, Cheng Buzhi and Yingdu emerged, among which the "flying general" Li Guang was the most prominent.

Li Guang, a native of Chengji, Longxi (now Zhuanglangxi, Gansu). His ancestor Li Xin was a famous general of the Qin State. So Li Guang can be called the queen of the gate. Li Guang had a set of irregular methods of managing the army, which were very suitable for the geographical conditions and enemy conditions outside the Cyprus, and his troops were simple, mobile, and good at adapting to changes. Therefore, Sima Qian praised him and said: "Be brave to be an enemy, benevolent and love soldiers." The order is not annoying, and the master and apprentice are to it. As soon as the Huns heard Li Guang's name, they were so frightened that they called Li Guang "General Fei".

In addition to supporting Li Guang, Cheng Buzhi and other border generals to resist the Xiongnu and maintain the peace war, Emperor Jing also took some measures to make a lot of preparations for the complete solution of the Xiongnu problem during the later Emperor Wu period, including two main ones.

Ma Zheng: "Build a garden horse to be widely used". Since ancient times, there has been a shortage of horses in the interior of the Central Plains, which is not conducive to the growth of cavalry, nor can it meet the needs of production development, and it also restricts the development of transportation and transportation. After Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he continued to build Ma Zheng. He ordered the expansion of horse farms in the west (e.g., Northland County) and north (e.g., Upper County), and encouraged the counties and the people to keep horses. Due to the great development of the horse breeding industry during the Jingdi period, the production of military horses was quite large-scale, and the number of horses belonging to the government developed to 400,000, and the civilian ones were not counted.

Implement the "Decree of Selling Lords" and the "Law of Criminality". Both of these measures were proposed by the crown prince's family order Chao Cuo during the reign of Emperor Wen and approved by Emperor Wen. After Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he continued to implement these measures, which had proven to be effective, and made them more perfect. A large number of migrants have been enriched in the border areas and have become a mixed army of soldiers and peasants, which has not only alleviated the forced labor of the people in the interior but also won a stable social environment.

To politics: quiet and frugal

The traditional evaluation of Emperor Jingdi in politics in the Western Han Dynasty cotton robe is "quiet and frugal": "Qing" is for the government to do little things; "Quiet" is to stabilize the people; "Gong" is to be kind to the subjects; "Thrifty" is to save and use. Emperor Jing continued to implement the politics of Huang Lao Wuwei and adopted a series of effective measures.

After Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he continued to implement the established national policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business. Emperor Jing said: "Agriculture, the foundation of the world." Gold and jade, hungry and cold, can not be clothed, think that it is used for money, do not know its always. Therefore, he repeatedly ordered the county officials to make exhortation to farmers and mulberries as their primary business.

Emperor Jing allowed peasants living in poor soil to migrate to areas with fertile land and abundant water sources to engage in reclamation, and "rented long fields" to landless peasants. At the same time, it has also issued many edicts to crack down on officials who use the people's power without authorization, thus ensuring normal agricultural production. Emperor Jing twice ordered a ban on the use of grain to make wine, and also forbade the inner county to feed horses with millet.

According to scholars' statistics, in the entire Western Han Dynasty, during the nearly 40 years of Wenjing's rule, the price of rice, which was directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood, fell the most, which laid a good foundation for the development of other social undertakings.

During the period of Emperor Jingdi in the province of Law, the exploitation (servitude) and oppression (law) of the peasants were reduced compared with before. The so-called provincial prohibition of the law means that the laws and regulations should be simple in the Western Han Dynasty and the criminal network should be lenient. In the first year of the first Yuan Dynasty (156 BC), Emperor Jing issued an edict at the beginning of his reign: "Lingtian half rent", that is, collecting one and a half of the fifteen taxes when Emperor Wen was collected, that is, thirty taxes and one half. Since then, this new land rent tax rate has become customized by the Western Han Dynasty. In the second year (155 BC), Emperor Jing ordered that the age at which men should begin their conscription should be postponed by three years, shortening the length of service. This provision was used until the time of Emperor Zhao of the Western Han Dynasty.

Emperor Jing implemented a policy of light punishment and prudent punishment in the law: first, he continued to reduce the punishment, as mentioned above, and amended some inappropriate points in Emperor Wen's reform of abolishing corporal punishment. Second, it emphasizes the prudence of use and enhances fairness in the judicial process. Third, some care is given to special criminals.

During the period of developing education and cracking down on the powerful Emperor Jing, because the social and economic recovery and development had reached a considerable extent, the ruling class from Emperor Jing to the county officials gradually attached importance to the development of cultural and educational undertakings. At that time, the most prominent in the field of education was the Wenong school.

Wen Weng, a native of Shu County, Lujiang County (now southwest of Lujiang County, Anhui), was studious when he was young, and was familiar with the "Spring and Autumn Period". Wen Weng pioneered the county official school, played an important role in the spread of culture, his achievements were affirmed by later generations, Emperor Wu praised Wen Weng's school-running model, and promoted it throughout the country.

Emperor Jing promoted cultural and educational etiquette on the one hand, and cracked down on Haoqiang on the other. In order to ensure that the order was issued, Emperor Jing decisively took a number of measures, two important ones: first, when building Yangling, he imitated the practice of Han Gaozu migrating Haoqiang to Shiguanzhong, and moved some Haoqiang to Yanglingyi, so that their clans and pro-parties were separated from each other and weakened their power, so as to achieve the goal of strengthening the cadres and weak branches. The second is to appoint cool officials, such as Zhidu, Ning Cheng, Zhou Yang, and so on, to severely suppress those who run rampant in the county and the state, and to commit adultery and criminals, which has received the effect of killing one by one, and making those lawless and powerful, bureaucrats, and relatives all frightened, and their illegal acts have been greatly restricted, which has partially adjusted class relations and is conducive to the development of society.

As a result of the above-mentioned measures, social and economic stability and development have been further promoted. The population has doubled, the country is rich, and the government treasury is full. It is said that in the later period of Emperor Jing's reign, the money in the treasury was piled up, and the ropes that strung the money were broken; The granaries were full, and the grain was piled up in the open air, and some of them were moldy and rotten. However, the social and economic development of the Wenjing period brought about a gap between the rich and the poor. This situation not only provided a solid material foundation for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to implement the "eloquent strategy"; It also brought new social problems to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.

For the storage position: open and secret fighting

The abolition of the crown prince will lead to a redistribution of power among the ruling groups, and various contradictions may suddenly erupt at this time, so it is the weakest and most dangerous link in the monarchy. Emperor Jing has been thinking about the storage position behind him all the time since the day he ascended the throne, and he gave birth to a total of 16 sons, but none of them have a descendant. It turned out that Emperor Jing's wife, Empress Bo, was the maiden granddaughter of his grandmother, Empress Dowager Bo, and was designated by his grandmother when he was the crown prince. Queen Bo never gave birth to a boy and a girl, so it caused a fierce battle for the storage position.

The one who competed for the position was his younger brother and mother, Empress Dowager Dou's favorite son, Liu Wu, the king of Liang. Empress Bo had no children, and Liu Wu had the name of a virtuous king, a vast fiefdom and great military exploits in quelling the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. Empress Dowager Dou intended to succeed King Liang after the death of Emperor Jing.

Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty himself was also at fault. At the beginning of the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (154 BC), that is, on the eve of the outbreak of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, King Liang entered the dynasty, and Emperor Jing had not yet established a crown prince at that time. One day, Emperor Jing feasted King Liang, and after getting drunk, he said: "After I have a thousand autumns, it should be passed on to King Liang." King Liang was secretly happy in his heart. Counselor Dou Ying said: "The covenant of the Han law is passed on to the children and grandchildren. How could the current emperor pass on his younger brother and disturb the appointment of Gaozu? Emperor Jing was shocked when he woke up, and the proposal was shelved.

After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was pacified, the contradiction between the heirs became more prominent. Empress Dowager Dou once again hinted that Emperor Jing was located in the King of Liang, and Emperor Jing ordered Yuan Ang and others to admonish the Empress Dowager, and Yuan Ang said to Empress Dowager Dou: "In the past, Song Xuangong did not set up a son but a younger brother, which caused the rebellion of the Fifth Dynasty. If you can't bear it, you will harm the righteousness, and there will be trouble. Therefore, "Spring and Autumn" thinks that the son is correct. Empress Dowager Dou knew that she was at a loss, so she never mentioned the matter again and sent King Liang back to the country.

The protagonist of the secret battle for the throne is the mother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Mrs. Wang. Mrs. Wang's full name is Wang Huan, a native of Huaili (now Xingping County, Shaanxi), her father Wang Zhong, and her biological mother is Zang'er. Brothers Wang Xin, Tian Wei, Tian Sheng, and sister Wang Erjiao were married to King Jin's grandson and gave birth to his daughter Jin Customs. Her mother sent her and her sister Wang Erjiao into Liu Qi's wife*.

After Mrs. Wang entered the palace, she gave birth to 4 children to Liu Qi, one dragon and three phoenixes, the first three were girls, and they were named Princess Pingyang, Princess Nangong and Princess Longxi, and the dragon fetus was the famous Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, born on the seventh day of the seventh month of the first year (156 BC) not long before Emperor Jing ascended the throne.

Liu Che was first famous, born intelligent, insightful, and free to advance and retreat. According to "The Story of Han Xiaowu": "At the age of three, Emperor Jing hugged him on his lap and caressed him...... Let's ask: 'Is it happy to be the son of heaven?' He said, "Heaven is not a child." I wish to live in the palace every day and tease in front of Your Majesty. Little Liu Yu's answer made Liu Qi have to look at this son differently. Liu Yu has an amazing memory, a particularly strong desire for knowledge, and especially likes to read the deeds of ancient sages and emperors in books, and never forgets them. Emperor Jing was deeply surprised. Liu Yu "has been a group of saints since the lawsuit against Xi, and tens of thousands of words have been recorded in the Yin and Yang Diagnosis Dragon Diagram Turtle Book, and not a single word has been lost. At the age of seven, the saint was outstanding", and Emperor Jing changed Liu Yu's name to "Che". The word "thorough" means to be full of wisdom and to meet the requirements of holiness. So Liu Qi came up with the idea of Prince Yi.

In the fourth year of Emperor Jing (153 BC), Liu Rong, the favorite concubine Li Jizi, was appointed as the crown prince, known as the "Li Prince" in history; Feng Liu Yu is the king of Jiaodong. Soon the opportunity for Liu Yu to replace Prince Li appeared, because the princess Liu Yan, the chief princess of the pavilion, intervened.

Concubine Liu is the sister of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and the eldest princess, the beloved daughter of Empress Dowager Dou, wanted to marry her daughter Chen Ajiao to the crown prince Liu Rong, but she did not expect to be rejected by Concubine Li, so Concubine Liu formed a grudge with her and had thoughts of revenge. Unlike Li Ji, Mrs. Wang was shrewd and tactful, and when the princess Liu Yan, the chief princess of the pavilion, wanted to marry her daughter who was four years older than Liu Yu to him, Mrs. Wang saw that the eldest princess had a high status, and said nothing in front of the Empress Dowager Dou, and agreed happily at the moment.

So 6-year-old Liu Yu and 10-year-old Chen Ajiao got engaged, six years before Emperor Jing (151 BC). In September of the same year, the Empress Bo was deposed because she had no heirs, and since then, the princess of the pavilion Tao has repeatedly praised Emperor Jing for how smart and reasonable Liu Che is, which makes Emperor Jing love this child even more. At the same time, the eldest princess often slandered Emperor Jing and framed Li Ji. Emperor Jing was in November of the seventh year (150 BC), and the case was executed, and Liu Rong, the prince of Li, was abolished as the king of Linjiang. Half a year later, Mrs. Wang was made queen, and 7-year-old Liu Che was made the crown prince.

Later, in the second year of the Middle Yuan Dynasty (148 BC), Liu Rong, the king of Linjiang, accidentally broke the law and was requisitioned from Jiangling (now Hubei) to the capital. Lieutenant Zhi was strictly guarded and interrogated. Liu Rong was extremely indignant and sad, and after writing his apology to his father, he committed suicide.

Liu Che was made the crown prince, and Liu Wu, the king of Liang Xiao, refused to stop there. He extended the heroes of the Quartet, made more weapons, crossbows, bows, etc., stored gold and silver "and hundreds of millions", and sent people to assassinate Yuan Ang and more than ten ministers. After the conspiracy was revealed, King Liang panicked and bought Han Anguo to go through the back door of the eldest princess, dredge the Empress Dowager Dou, and was relieved a little, but Emperor Jing was much more estranged from him. Liu Wulian, the king of Liang, was depressed and frightened, and soon died of a vicious disease. Emperor Jing divided Liang Di into five, and unknowingly weakened the power of Liu Wu's sons.

After Emperor Jing set up another crown prince, Zhou Yafu, the marquis of the opposition, was the most uneasy, and found an opportunity to dispose of him. In the first year of Emperor Jing (143 BC), Zhou Yafu was cut to prison on trumped-up charges. A generation of famous generals, who did not eat for 5 days, finally vomited blood and died unjustly. Forcing Zhou Yafu to death is the same as unjust killing, which shows that Emperor Jing is "widowed and enduring", and is accustomed to crossing the river and demolishing bridges.

In the first month of the third year (141 years ago) after Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing Liu Qi fell ill, and his illness became more and more serious. Don't suffer from its bravery, suffer from its violence. "We must not only know people and ourselves, but also know opportunities and stops. Emperor Jing seems to have felt that his son has many qualities that are different from his own, and he is relieved to hand over the world to him, let him go by himself, and it is useless to ask more. Soon after, Emperor Jing died of illness in Weiyang Palace in Chang'an and was buried in Yangling (in the north of Zhangjiawan Village, Zhengyang Township, Weicheng District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province). The crown prince Liu Che is the emperor, this is Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Family

Father: Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, Mother: Dou Shi,

Wife: The first queen Empress Bo, the second queen Wang Huan

Concubines: Those who have a history to check, Li Ji, Cheng Ji, Mrs. Jia, Tang Ji, Wang Erjiao.

Fourteen sons.

The eldest son Liu Rong of Linjiang, the second son Liu De of Hejian Wang, the third son of Linjiang King Liu Yanyu, the fourth son of Lu Wang Liu Yu, the fifth son of Jiangdu Wang Liu Fei, the sixth son of Changsha Wang Liu Fa, the seventh son of Zhao Wang Liu Pengzu, the eighth son of Jiaoxi Wang Liu Duan, the ninth son of Zhongshan King Liu Sheng, the tenth son of Han Wu Emperor Liu Che, the eleventh son Guangchuan King Liu Yue, the twelfth son of Jiaodong King Liu Ji, the thirteenth son Qinghe King Liu Cheng, the fourteenth son Changshan King Liu Shun.

The female is unknown, there are three people who can be checked in history, Princess Pingyang (Princess Xinyang), Princess Nangong, and Princess Longxi (Princess Lin Xi).

Related film and television materials

"The Emperor of the Han Dynasty" and "The Emperor of the Han Dynasty" are large-scale historical dramas jointly invested and produced by China Central Television, China Film Group Corporation, Century Hero Film Investment Company, Beijing Hualu Baina Film and Television Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinde Film Company and Xintian International Group Co., Ltd.

• Duration: Fifty-eight episodes

• Genre: Large-scale historical drama

• Main Cast:

Chen Baoguo as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Jiao Huang as Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty

Gui Yalei as Empress Dowager Dou and Tao Hong as Liu Ling

Yang Tongshu as Princess Pingyang and Lin Jing as Wei Zifu

…………………………

Emperor

【Basic Introduction】

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che (157 BC - 87 BC), Han nationality, born in Xi'an, young name Liu Yu, was the fifth emperor of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the tenth son of Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty, the grandson of Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, and the great-grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. He was canonized as the crown prince at the age of 7, ascended the throne at the age of 16, reigned for 54 years, and established one of the most glorious exploits of the Han Dynasty. "The Law" says that "mighty and strong and virtuous are called martial", that is, majestic, strong, wise, and benevolent and virtuous are called martial. His prowess, culture, and martial prowess made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at the time, and he became one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created era names and was also the first emperor in China to use era names. At the beginning of his ascension to the throne, he continued the policy of maintaining the health and recuperation of the people that his father had pursued during his lifetime, further weakening the power of the princes, and promulgating the edict of favor proposed by the minister's father, and using the legal system to promote the princes to divide their sons into princes, so that the princes' fiefs had to shrink themselves. At the same time, he introduced the official rank of the assassin to supervise the locality. In the military and economy, the centralization of power was strengthened, and the private business of iron smelting, salt boiling, and brewing was organized into the central government, and at the same time, the vassal states were forbidden to mint money, so that the financial power was centralized in the center. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to "overthrow the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", which paved the way for the special status of Confucianism in ancient China. However, in fact, there was never a lack of the idea of the rule of law during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, while promoting Confucianism, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also used laws and regulations and criminal law to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power, so sinologists believe that this should be more based on law and supplemented by Confucianism, internal law and external Confucianism, to promote Confucianism to the general public to show the gentleness of the government, and to impose harsh criminal law on the government to restrain ministers. However, Xuanru does not mean abandoning the law, and the law is still the final means of adjudication during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the active use of Ji Di and the palace punishment of Sima Qian at that time are famous examples.

[Political Performance]

At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable, and the country's economic situation was also quite good, on the other hand, the divisive factors of the princely kingdoms still existed, and the potential threat was not small. Therefore, while continuing to implement the policies of Emperor Jing, he adopted a series of measures to strengthen the centralization of absolutism.

Politics: In terms of politics, the "Tui En Decree" was first promulgated, so that the princes and kings divided their sons and daughters into marquis, so that the kingdom fiefs were divided, so as to further weaken the power of the princes and kingdoms, and imperceptibly eliminate the threat; secondly, the establishment of China and Korea weakened the power of the prime minister and consolidated the sacred status of the imperial power; Thirteen more histories were set up to strengthen local control. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also changed the ancient system, including major reforms and creations such as the right to collect the prime minister, set up the history of assassination, and established a set of political systems that are complete and embody the Legalist principle of "ruling the country by law and not avoiding relatives and nobles". This tradition of the legal system became the basic paradigm of the Chinese imperial system for the next 2,000 years.

Military: In the military aspect, it is mainly to concentrate military power and enrich the military strength of the central government; Reform the military system.

Economy: In terms of the economy, the government has rectified its finances, promulgated the "reckoning" and "suing" orders, levied a tax on the assets of merchants, and cracked down on wealthy businessmen; He also adopted Sang Hongyang's suggestion to return iron smelting and boiling salt to the official camp, and forbade the county to mint money; The establishment of equalization officials and equalization officials, and the government to manage transportation and trade, greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, water conservancy was built, resettlement was made to the northwest tuntian, and the "substitution of land law" was implemented, which was conducive to the development of agricultural production. On the economic front, another important step was to unify the currency of the time.

Ideology: In terms of ideology, adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion. The deposition of the hundred schools of thought and the exclusive respect for Confucianism made Confucianism the dominant ideology of Chinese society, and had a profound impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations.

Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents, and he established the inspection system, which was the first systematic system of selecting talents in China, and had a great influence on later generations.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conducted the first population census in human history.

【External Relations】

• Unleash a war against the Huns

On the one hand, since the Battle of Mayi in 133 BC, the Xiongnu had ended the policy of peace with the Xiongnu since Gaozu, and began to formally declare war on the Xiongnu, and successively sent Li Guang, Wei Qing, and Huo Qubing to conquer, which lifted the threat of the Xiongnu, expanded the territory of the Western Regions, and listed the Xiongnu in the situation of passive vassals, ensuring the economic and cultural development of the north.

•Send Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions

At the same time as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched the war against the Xiongnu, he sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions, opened up the famous Silk Road, further strengthened his rule over the Western Regions, and developed economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West.

•Expand your territory with troops in the Northeast and South

In the northeast, he sent troops to destroy Wei's Joseon (now northern Korea) and placed it in the four counties of Lelang, Xuansu, Lintun and Zhenfan, and the territory of the Han Empire was basically formed.

At the same time, it eliminated the Yelang and Nanyue regimes in the south, and established seven counties in the southwest, surpassing the southernmost point of present-day Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which also made today's Liangguang region return to the Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty.

•consequence

In the late period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the continuous use of troops against the Xiongnu and the Western Regions, and because of the holding of the Zen Seal, worshipping the gods and seeking immortals, extravagance, and the increase of forced labor, and the increase in taxes, a large number of peasants went bankrupt and went into exile. In the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), peasant uprisings of different scales broke out in Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Nanyang.

【Personal Life】

• Family status

Empress Chen (Chen Ajiao), father Tang Yi Hou Chen Wu, mother Liu Concubine is the eldest princess of Tao, the origin of the allusion of "Jinwu Zangjiao", and was later deposed.

Empress Wei (Wei Zifu), who was later also deposed. Gave birth to Liu Ju (Prince Er), Princess Wei Chang (Princess Dangli), Princess Yangshi, and Princess Zhuyi.

Mrs. Wang, born Qi Huai Wang Liu Hong.

Li Ji, the eldest princess of Shenggai (the eldest princess of Eyi), Liu Dan (the king of Yan Thorn), Liu Xu (the king of Guangling Li).

Mrs. Li, posthumously named Empress Xiaowu, Li Yannian's sister, gave birth to Liu Ji (King of Changyi).

Mrs. Yin (Yin Jieyu)

Mrs. Xing (邢娙娥)

Zhao Jieyu (Mrs. Gou Yi), born Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty Liu Fuling.

A certain clan, born Princess Yi'an.

• Later life

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who knew the mandate of heaven, also felt the evil consequences of his political decision-making mistakes in his later years, and while appeasing the displaced people, he issued the "Luntai Guilty Edict" in Luntai: "Since I ascended the throne, I have acted in a rebellious manner, making the world sad and unrepentant." From now on, those who harm the people and waste the world will stop it! to admit your mistakes. As a result, the world gradually returned to harmony. It laid the foundation for the prosperity of Zhaoxuan Zhongxing.

The historical book "The Edict of Guilt" records: Since I ascended the throne, I have acted in a rebellious manner, making the world miserable and unrepentant. From now on, those who harm the people and waste the world will stop it. It is emphasized that today's business is to prohibit harshness, stop unauthorized endowment, and strive to be a farmer. The Ma Zheng reinstatement order was made up for the vacancy, and there was no shortage of armaments.

In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked Hua Gong to draw a picture of the princes of the Zhou Dynasty and gave it to Huo Guang, which meant that Huo Guang would assist his youngest son Liu Fuling as emperor. In order to prevent the young mother of the crown prince, Mrs. Gou Yi, from repeating the situation of Empress Lu's system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty executed her under the pretext of executing her. In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died and was buried in Maoling, and the temple name was Sejong.

【Related Audio-Visual Recordings】

Chinese mainland:

The TV series "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty", starring Zhou Lijing as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The TV series "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty", starring Chen Baoguo as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The TV series "The Son of Heaven" starring Huang Xiaoming plays Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

TV series "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix", starring Liu Xiaofeng as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

【Historical Records】

•"Records of the Historians" of "Filial Piety and Martial Arts" (excerpt)

[Text (1)]

Emperor Xiaowu, 1 filial piety is also a son. 2 The mother is called the Queen Mother. In the fourth year of filial piety, the prince was the king of Jiaodong.

In the seventh year of filial piety, Prince Li (Liu Rong) was abolished as the king of Linjiang and the king of Jiaodong was the prince. Xiaojing collapsed in the sixteenth year, and the crown prince ascended the throne as Emperor Xiaowu. 3 Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne at the beginning of his reign, and he especially respected the worship of ghosts and gods.

[Notes]

Note 1 explains the meaning of the Hanshu sound: "Secretive." "Justice and Fayun: "Restrain the chaos and say the martial arts." Note 2 Suo Yin pressed: Jing Thirteen Kings Legend Guangchuan King has been on the Wu Emperor brothers, from Hexian Wang De to Guangchuan, where there are eight people, then Emperor Wu is the ninth. Note 3 explains Zhang Yan and said: "Emperor Wu was born in the first year of Emperor Jing, and became the prince at the age of seven, and Emperor Jing collapsed when the prince was ten years old, at the age of sixteen. ”

[Text (2)]

In the first year, Hanxing was more than 60 years old, 1 world was peaceful, 2 recommended gentry 3 belonged to the Son of Heaven to seal Zen and correct the degree. And Shangxiang Confucianism, Zhao Xianliang, Zhao Juan, Wang Zang and others took literature as the minister, and wanted to discuss the ancient Liming Hall in the south of the city, 4 to the princes of the dynasty. The grass patrol hunting seal Zen changed the calendar and the color of the service was not done. Hui Dou Empress Dowager Huang Laoyan, not good Confucianism, so that people can get Zhao Juan and other treacherous things, 5 summon the case of Juan, Zang, Juan, Zang suicide, 6 all those who do it are abolished.

[Notes]

Note 1 episode explains Xu Guang and said: "Sixty-seven years, the age is in Xin Chou. "Note 2: Justice and Justice. Note 3: Suo Yin Shang Yin. Boom, quite also. Speak very well in the leisure of the gentleman, and the matter is out of the courtesy. Today's "recommended" person, the ancient word is borrowed from the ear. Hanshu is "Jingentry", and Chen Zhanyun is "Jin, red and white", which is not also. Note 4 Suoyin City South, Chang'an City South Gate also. Case: Guanzhong Ji Yunmingtang is outside the gate of Chang'an, and the west of Dumen is also. Note 5 Commentary Xu Guang said: "Observe it slightly. Note 6 In the second year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Righteous Han Dynasty, Zhao Xuan, the imperial historian, sat down to invite the Empress Dowager and Lang Zhong to order Wang Zang to be imprisoned and commit suicide. Ying Shaoyun: "Wang Zang Confucian, want to establish Mingtang, Biyong, the Queen Mother is good at Huang Laoshu, not thin Five Classics, for some reason to play the Queen Mother, the Queen Mother is angry, so she ordered to kill." ”

[Text (3)]

Six years later, Empress Dowager Dou collapsed. Next year, he will go to the literary scholar Gongsun Hong and so on.

Next year, the beginning of Yong, the suburbs to see Wuqi. After often three years old. It is the time to ask for the gods, and to give up the view of the people in the forest. The god monarch, the woman of Changling, mourns the death of her son, so she sees God in succession. Just like the room of the ancestral hall, the people go to the ancestral hall.

The plain king went to the ancestral hall, and his descendants showed it to respect. And Emperor Wu ascended the throne, then the generous gift was placed in the ancestral hall, and when he heard his words, he did not see his people.

From time to time, Li Shaojun also used the ancestral hall and the valley road, but the old party saw it and respected it. The young monarch, so the Marquis of Shenze entered the main party. Hiding his age and growth, he often claims to be seventy, able to make things, but old. It travels to the princes of Fanghu. No wife. People hear that it can make things immortal, and give them more gifts, and often have money, clothing, and food. People think that they will not cure the inheritance and give it, but they do not know who they are, and the more they believe, the more they fight. Shaojun is a good party, and he is good at being clever and strange. Taste from Wu'an Hou drink, there are more than 90 old people in the sitting, Shaojun Naiyan and his eldest father swim where they shoot, the old man is from his eldest father when he was a child, know his place, and sit in shock. Shaojun saw the above, there was a bronze vessel, and asked Shaojun. Shaojun said: "This instrument Qi Huan Gong has been in Bai's bed for ten years. "It's been the case, and it's a public weapon. A palace is terrifying, with Shaojun as a god, hundreds of years old.

Shaojun said in the above: "The ancestral shrine is to cause things, to things and Dansha can be turned into gold, gold into a diet vessel is longevity, longevity and the sea Penglai immortal can be seen, see it to seal Zen is immortal, the Yellow Emperor is also." The minister tastes the sea, and sees the life of An Qisheng, 1 eats the courtier's jujube, which is as big as a melon. Those who give birth to immortals in the period of peace, through Penglai, see people if they are together, and hide if they are not. So the Son of Heaven began to worship the shrine, and sent the priest into the sea to seek the genus of Penglai'an, and the medicine of Dansha turned into gold.

[Notes]

Note 1: Suo Yinfu said: "The true people of the ancients. "Case: Lie Immortal Legend Yun'an was born, Lang was an evil person, selling medicine by the East China Sea, and everyone said that he was a thousand years old. Justice Lie Immortal Chuanyun: "An Qisheng, Langxifu Township Pavilion people." Selling medicine by the sea. Qin Shi Huang asked for three nights, gave tens of millions of gold, out, in the Fuxiang Pavilion, all put it away, left a book, and reported a amount of red jade, saying, "After a thousand years old, beg me to be at the foot of Penglai Mountain". "Note 2: Soyin homophonic agent.

[Text (4)]

After a long time, Li Shaojun fell ill and died. 1 The Son of Heaven thought that he would not die, and made Yellow Hammer 2 Shi Kuanshu 3 accept it. Asking for Penglai'an to be born is not possible, and the strange and roundabout Fang Shi of Yan Qi on the sea is more effective, not to mention the gods.

[Notes]

Note 1 Righteous Hanshu Juyun: "Li Shaojun will go, Emperor Wu dreams of climbing Songgao Mountain together, halfway, there is a dragon when the cloud from the clouds, 'Taiyi please Shaojun', the emperor said left and right, 'will leave me to go'." A few months later, Shaojun fell ill and died. I sent the coffin again, but I was dressed in the clothes. Note 2 explains Wei Zhao's words: "Name of person." "Righteousness is straightforward and hypocritical. Note 3 explains the meaning of Hanshu Yinyi: "Both of them are Fangshi. "The righteous surname is history, and the name is Kuanshu.

[Text (5)]

Bo people are jealous of 1 playing the ancestral hall of Tai, saying: "The gods and nobles are Taiyi, and 2 Taiyi is said to be the five emperors." 3 The ancients of the Son of Heaven sacrificed to the southeast suburbs of Taiyi in the Spring and Autumn Period, with a prison gear, seven days, and 4 for the altar to open the ghost road. So the Son of Heaven ordered Taizhu to set up his ancestral hall in the southeastern suburbs of Chang'an, and often worshiped the ancestral hall as a taboo. Later generations have a book, saying that "the ancients of the Son of Heaven used the three years to have the shrine god Trinity: Tianyi, Earth, and Taiyi". The Son of Heaven allowed it, so that the Taizhu Ling Shrine was jealous of Tai on an altar, as it was. Later generations have republished the book, saying that "the ancients of the Son of Heaven often used the Spring and Autumn Period to solve the ancestral hall, and the Yellow Emperor of the ancestral hall used a hammer to break the mirror; 5 sheep with 6 sheep; Ancestral horse line 7 with a green peony horse; Taiyi, Gaoshan Shanjun, the land is long with 8 cattle; Wuyijun 9 with dried fish; Yin and Yang Messenger 10 to a Cow". Let the ancestral hall officials lead it as it is, and the ancestral hall is next to an altar in Jitai.

[Notes]

Note 1 Episode Explanation Xu Guang said: "A cloud of people is also jealous. "Suo Yinbo, the name of Shanyang County. The surname is false, the name is taboo, and the dwelling is bogey, so it is called Bo Ji. This article derives the word "thin", and "fallacious" is mistaken for "temptation". Note 2: Suoyin Heavenly Gods, Taiyi. Case: Leju micro map cloud "Ziwei Palace North Pole Tianyi Taiyi". Song Jun thought that Tianyi, Taiyi, and the other names of the North Pole. Spring and Autumn Wei "Purple Palace, the Emperor's Yao Treasure is also reasonable". Note 3: Suo Yinqi Zuo is called the Five Emperors. Hetu Yuncang Emperor is also a genus of spiritual prestige. The Five Emperors of Justice, the Five Heavenly Emperors. Chinese Yun "Cangdi Lingwei Yang, Red Emperor Chi Yan Fu, White Emperor White Zhaoqi, Black Emperor Eye Guangji, Yellow Emperor Han Hub". Emperor Shangshu ordered to test the clouds, "Emperor Cang's name is Lingwei, the Red Emperor's name is Wenzu, the Yellow Emperor's name is Shendou, the White Emperor's name is Xianji, and the Black Emperor's name is Xuanju". The one who is the one is said to be a sacrifice. Note 4 episode explains Xu Guang and said: "One cloud day and one too fastening, ten days." Note 5 Episode Meng Kang said: "Owl, bird name, mother eater." Broken mirror, beast name, food father. The Yellow Emperor wanted to be extinct, so that all the temples used it. The broken mirror is like a tiger's eye. Or cloud straight with a broken mirror. Ruchun said: "The Han envoy Dongjun sent the owl, and on May 5, he gave the owl soup to a hundred officials." Take the evil bird, so eat it. Note 6 Jie Fu said: "The name of God is also." Note 7: The name of the righteous god also. Note 8: Justice is reversed. Three combined god names. Note 9: Righteous Divine Names. Note 10 Jie Hanshu Yinyi said: "The god of yin and yang is also." ”

[Text (6)]

Subsequently, there was a white deer in the Tianzi Garden, with its skin as the coin, 1 to make the white gold Yan. 2

[Notes]

Note 1 Suoyin case: The food and goods Zhipi coin is a square ruler of white deer skin, and the edge is used to recommend it, and it can be replaced by a pound of gold. And the Han law leather coin rate deer skin square foot, straight gold one pound. Note 2 Suoyin case: The three platinum products of the food and goods journal have their own differences. The three platinum products of justice are also cast by Emperor Wu. Ruchun said: "Miscellaneous cast silver and tin are white gold." "Pingzhun Shuyun:" Silver tin is white gold. I think that the sky is like a dragon, the earth is like a horse, and the people are like a turtle, so it is called platinum three products. One of them is said to weigh eight taels, round, its Wenlong, the name is Bai Xuan, straight three thousand; Second, the weight difference is small, Fang Zhi, its Wen Ma, straight five hundred; The three are said to be small, Sui Zhi, and its turtle are three hundred. Qian Puyun: "Platinum is the first, its shape is as round as money, the flesh is round, and the text is a dragon." Silver is second, its shape is small and long, the meat is good and small, and the good context is two horses. Silver third, its shape resembles a turtle, the meat is so small, is the text for the tortoise shell also. ”

[Text (7)]

Next year, the suburbs, get a horned beast, if you are gone. 1 Yousi said: "Your Majesty is only worshipping in the suburbs, God will enjoy it, the tin horned beast, and Gai Linyun." 2So he recommended five thorns, and added one ox to burn them. 3 And give the princes platinum, and the wind charm shall be in heaven and earth. 4

[Notes]

Note 1 episode explains Wei Zhao and says: "The Chu people call the moose a muntjac. "Suo Yin's voice is reversed. Wei Zhao said, "If the body is □ and a corner, the so-called '□ and horn' in the Spring and Autumn Period is also." The Chu people call the moose the deer". And the king of Zhou Shu will be like a deer. Erya cloud elk, big deer also, oxtail horn. Guo Puyun and Han Wu won a horned beast, and it was called Lin. Note 2: The final army of the righteous Han book passed on the cloud "from Shangyong, get Bailin". A corner wears meat, and is armed without harm, so it is benevolent. Note 3: Justice calls for rebellion and burns. Note 4 episode Xie Jinzhuo said: "Fu Ruiye." Zan said: "The wind shows the princes to respond with this symbol." ”

[Text (8)]

So the king of Jibei thought that the Son of Heaven and sealed Zen, and he wrote a book to offer Mount Tai and its side towns. The Son of Heaven received it, and he repaid it with other counties. The king of Changshan has a hand, moved, and the Son of Heaven sealed his younger brother in Zhending, in order to continue the ancestral royal worship, and Changshan as the county. Then the five mountains are all in the county of the Son of Heaven.

Next year, Qi people and young Weng 1 will see ghosts and gods. Fortunately, Mrs. Wang, 2 Mrs. died, and the young man covered the night with a magic technique to Mrs. Wang and the appearance of the ghost, and the Son of Heaven saw it from the curtain. So he worshiped the young man as General Wencheng, and rewarded him a lot, and gave him a courtesy. Wen Chengyan said: "The upper is to be connected with the gods, the palace is not like a god, and the gods are not there." "He painted the clouds and chariots, and drove each one to ward off evil spirits on the third day of victory. It is also made as Ganquan Palace, which is a platform room in the middle, drawing the heavens, the earth, and the gods of Tai, and placing the sacrificial utensils to the gods. After living in the years, its side is in decline, and God is not coming.

It is a silk book with rice cow, 4 details of the knowledge also, said that this cow belly is strange. Kill and look at it, get the book, the book is strange, and the Son of Heaven is suspicious. Those who know his handwriting and ask will be the fruit * (for) ** [pseudo]* book. So General Zhu Wencheng 5 and hidden.

[Notes]

Note 1: The story of the righteous Han martial arts, Yun Shaoweng, is 200 years old and looks like a child. Note 2 explains that Xu Guang said: "Qi Huai Wang Hong's mother is also." "The case of the horse: Huan Tan Xin on Emperor Yunwu has a love for Mrs. Ji Wang, who is slender and good-looking, and qualitatively beautiful. The righteous Han book is "Mrs. Li". Note 3 explains the meaning of Hanshu Yinyi: "If fire is better than gold, use C and Ding Ri, and don't use Gengxin." "Note 4 Righteous meal, room night anti. The book silk is a strange language, to feed the cattle. Note 5 Righteous Han Wu Story Cloud: "Wen Cheng Zhu Yueyu, there is a messenger to return the goods to the east of the country, meet it in Caoting, and see it, the upper is suspicious, send its coffin, there is nothing to see, only a bamboo tube, no trace of the capture and inspection." ”

【List of Year Names】

140 BC-135 BC

134 BC - 129 BC

128-123 BC

122 B.C. - 117 B.C

Yuan Ding 117 BC-111 BC

110 BC - 105 BC

104 B.C.—101 B.C

100 BC - 97 BC

96 B.C.—93 B.C

92 B.C.—89 B.C

88 BC-87 BC

Biography "Historical Records: Filial Piety and Martial Piety"

The Book of Han and the Chronicles of Emperor Wu

【Kanaya Zangjiao】

[Explanation] Jiao: Originally referred to Chen Ajiao, the cousin of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty loved Gillian when he was a child and said that he would let her live in a golden house. It refers to the use of ornate houses for the wife and concubine of the beloved to live in. Also refers to taking a concubine.

【Source】Han Bangu "Han Wu Story": "If you have Gillian as a wife, it will be stored as a golden house." ”

【Allusions】

• The political overtones of Chen Ajiao and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

During the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Chen Ajiao (Empress Chen) was actually a historical tragic figure.

In fact, there are also political factors in the tragedy of Empress Chen. At the beginning, Emperor Wu was made the crown prince, relying on his aunt, the eldest princess Liu Xuan. The condition is that Liu Che marries Chen Ajiao, the only daughter of the eldest princess. The eldest princess relied on her merit to support the emperor, and Emperor Wu was in deep trouble. And Empress Chen was also extremely arrogant, so Liu Che alienated Gillian. And Liu Che's mother, the Queen Mother, immediately warned him: You are the new emperor, and the minister has not obeyed. First for the restructuring, the Empress Dowager was angry. Now, "if you are angry with the eldest princess, you will be offended again, so you should be cautious!" The so-called "minister's disobedience" refers to the undercurrent of opposition to Liu Che among the ministers and magnates. The so-called "will be offended again" means that the emperor will not be able to do it. Emperor Wu did not have the strength to compete with the Dou clan at this time, and when Zhao Xuan, an important minister appointed by him, proposed that the Dou clan should no longer interfere in the affairs of the court, he annoyed the Dou clan. The Dou clan forced Emperor Wu to abolish a series of reform measures that had just been implemented, and the prime ministers and eunuchs appointed by him were also forced to be dismissed, and some ministers were forced to die in prison. And Liu Che is an extremely smart person, and immediately turned to the eldest princess and Queen Chen. From the second year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty to the sixth year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, he wandered around and hunted, and no longer cared about major policies. Because of the protection of the eldest princess and Liu Che's Taoguang cultivation, his throne was preserved.