I remember reading something like this in a novel not long ago: If you are involved in someone else's conspiracy, optimistically speaking, you are his confidant; But from a pessimistic point of view, you are also his confidant.

As the old saying goes: Meritorious deeds are no higher than the Savior, and great sin is greater than rebellion.

There is an idiom that also says: Rabbits and dogs are cooked, and birds are hidden.

Throughout the ages, there have been many such words.

This all means that after success, how to treat the buddies who work hard with them is an extremely important issue, and many people do not do it kindly.

How people who are the first brother deal with this problem and how they treat heroes often reflect his humanistic quality and concept of governing the country.

This is an extremely complex question!

From a very simple point of view, those who can fight the world may not necessarily be able to govern the world. That is to say, in the face of the two different tasks of fighting the world and governing the world, the requirements for cadres are different.

However, the problem is that people followed you to bring down the world, suffered a lot, shed a lot of blood and sweat, and now that the world is peaceful, what do you let people do?

When dealing with this problem, different first brothers have different methods and interpret different stories, and I believe Liu Xiu must have studied and thought about it carefully.

Not to mention the foreign surname, Liu Xiu's ancestor Liu Bang's method is very simple: hide the bow and kill the dog.

About the story of Liu Bangding's founding heroes after the capital, everyone can find it by casually opening the relevant historical materials, not the scope of our focus, anyway, he regarded his past henchmen as henchmen, determined and ruthless, and these henchmen ended up very miserable.

Of course, this has also caused a lot of social unrest.

Liu Xiu's approach in this regard is also very simple, that is: retire from meritorious service and enter the civil service.

Specifically, his approach is to let some heroes who have been crisscrossing the frontier for a long time quit their front-line jobs and hand over power, and at the same time, vigorously promote and reuse a group of intellectuals and scholar-type cadres to follow him to govern the country.

The latter is very easy to do, and it is easy to promote people when the emperor wants to do it, especially for an emperor like Liu Xiu who has super control ability, as long as he sees it, it is very simple to use whom.

The problem lies in the former, most of the heroes are experienced in a hundred battles, have made outstanding achievements, and the ability to fight against the flat people is also very strong, so it is not so easy to deal with.

However, Liu Xiu solved this problem very well.

He held several drinking parties and held several parties, warmly entertained his heroes, gave them marquis and knighthood, rewarded them with wealth, and at the same time, asked them to hand over military power.

His line of thought and practice was to generously and generously reward these meritorious men with titles, honors, and goods, and at the same time to reclaim their actual power and strictly manage their political life.

The world is fought by buddies together, let's enjoy it!

Everyone is tired, so let the literati do the work!

Everyone still has to give me face, if anyone is nonsense, don't blame me for being unkind!

In terms of properly disposing of meritorious heroes, if it is said that Liu Xiu's wanton knighthood was to exalt them high, and to deprive them of real power was to gently take them down, he further strictly controlled them, and he was an insurance policy for himself to implement the cadre policy of "retiring meritorious heroes and becoming civil servants."

In the early days of the former Han Dynasty, Liu Bang rewarded meritorious deeds and wantonly divided the feuds, and as a result, the princes who were sealed surrounded dozens of cities and thousands of miles of land, like a country within a country, almost caused a catastrophe.

We might as well say a few more words, because Liu Xiu has deeply studied the statecraft of the previous dynasties, especially the emperors of the former Han Dynasty, and he claims to be a descendant of Liu Bang, and he must be called an expert in the study of Liu Bang. If we understand Liu Bang's reward work, we can understand Liu Xiu's actions from more aspects and deeper levels.

To be honest, after Liu Bang ascended the throne and became the first brother, the reward for the heroes was basically unsuccessful.

Liu Bang, as the first cloth emperor in the history of our country, started from a villager leader in the countryside and worked hard with his own head, becoming the head of the people, the king of Han, and the first brother. I think that on that road full of countless difficulties and obstacles, he must have had an extremely deep and unique understanding of people's various desires, people's life, death, honor and disgrace.

Therefore, after he ascended the throne, he followed the principle of "those who fight the world sit in the world" in history to treat and dispose of the heroes.

Yes, it's not a one-man job to fight the world.

The fact that I am able to sit in the position of a brother today is the result of the support of a large group of brothers, the result of the joint efforts of the brothers, and the fact that the brothers risked their lives and fought down with knives and guns. After countless hardships and the death of countless brothers, I am where I am today and where I am today.

Therefore, when the world is defeated, we should reward meritorious deeds and share fertilizer together.

Robbers rob things and know how to share the spoils, not to mention that our brothers are all people on the scene!

Come on, brethren, dividends!

In his early years, Liu Bang could even use the money to buy noodles and salt at home to invite his buddies to drink, and he thinks the same way now, and he does the same.

After ascending to the throne, he rewarded the meritorious heroes, not only giving them the title of king and marquis, rewarding them with gold and silver treasures, but also allowing them to hold various public positions from the members of the core leadership team of the imperial court to the local county officials.

In short, he not only gave the heroes face, but also gave them the lining and real power.

At first, Liu Bang Feng Yingbu and other 7 heroes with great contributions, and Zhao Tuo and other 3 leaders of southern ethnic minorities were kings.

He made many princes, some of whom claimed 143 people, and some of whom called 153 people.

Under the prince, he set up 19 knighthoods, which were awarded to those soldiers who followed him to fight the world according to the size of their merits.

According to the statistics of the Book of Han, during the Liu Bang period, there were 120,000 and 285 official positions from the prime minister down to the county government staff, and the above-mentioned kings, marquis and 19 knighthoods amounted to hundreds of thousands.

That is to say, all the posts of cadres and staff at all levels of the state are occupied by heroes of all sizes.

Objectively speaking, rewarding meritorious deeds is very effective in mobilizing everyone's enthusiasm, but the key lies in what to reward, and it is unscientific to reward official positions anyway.

Especially at the beginning of the founding of the country, it was very mysterious to let a large number of soldiers who were good at conquering cities and conquering cities to govern the country.

The reason is also very simple, fighting the world and governing the world are two completely different types of work, just like cutting people and building people, destroying a city and managing a city, which are completely different concepts.

What's more, people's desires are often surging like a tide. When a person's strength accumulates to a certain time, it is inevitable to take a few more glances at the throne of the first brother, and even have the idea of going up and sitting.

In this way, Liu Bang's reward made many people have an idea: I can have today, I was able to have today, I was desperately bled in exchange, of course, if I work hard and bleed again, I can also exchange for greater glory, and if I am lucky, it is not impossible to sit on the seat of the first brother.

So, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Bang gradually felt that these heroes were a bit too big to lose, especially for those old friends with high achievements, who felt that it was difficult to control.

As a result, 6 of the 7 kings with different surnames who were awarded for merit (except for Wu Rui, the king of Changsha) rebelled successively, and they were also put down by Liu Bang successively.

Liu Bang felt that he had made a mistake in dividing the seal, and agreed with the ministers: "If you are not the king of the Liu family, the world will fight against it." ”

Soon, he will only divide the Liu family as kings.

However, the Liu family is not all reliable. Everyone is familiar with the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" during Emperor Jing and the "Tui En Order" during Emperor Wu.

In other words, the serious political problems brought about by Liu Bang's initial division were gradually solved by his children and grandchildren for several generations.

Liu Xiu conscientiously learned this lesson, and at the same time considered strengthening the management of the heroes.

Someone in the Song Dynasty made an unrecognized statistic, saying that in the Liu Xiu Dynasty, a total of 28 princes with the same surname, 107 people with different surnames, plus those who inherited the titles of ancestors and fathers and brothers, a total of 174 people.

Of course, Liu Xiu is the founding monarch and the emperor of Dingding, and there is nothing to seal a few more princes, anyway, the marquis of the throne has no preparation, who to reward and who to take, that is, it is a matter of his words.

However, it is not a trivial matter to scatter hundreds of princes everywhere, and if anyone organizes a large-scale event to fool around in society, and to engage in some kind of action to stir up and stir up harmony politically.

Therefore, Liu Xiu has always paid great attention to strengthening the management of the princes.

It was about the end of 36 and the beginning of 37 A.D., with the pacification of Bashu and the reunification of the whole country, Liu Xiujun's strategic and tactical thinking on the world underwent a fundamental change, that is, from mainly fighting the world to mainly ruling the world.

At the same time, in order to obey and serve the strategic transformation of the empire and the fundamental transformation of his own strategic and tactical thinking, Liu Xiu's method of treating meritorious heroes also underwent fundamental changes.

Of course, everyone is still brothers, but now that it is peaceful, there must be a peaceful way of living!

If before this, Liu Xiu rewarded everyone with titles and granted real power to the military and government at the same time, mainly to encourage everyone to fight the world desperately, then now, the large-scale war has come to an end for the time being, and he continues to reward everyone more heavily and get back the real power, mainly to let everyone enjoy peace and give way to Wenchen.

Of course, the prestige of the heroes and the titles are also very appealing, and in view of the rights and wrongs of the previous dynasty, everyone must still abide by some rules.

In this way, Liu Xiu proceeded from strengthening management and ensuring political stability, and took several measures to completely manage the princes honestly.

First, the territory of the princely kingdoms he canonized was very small, ranging from one or two counties to three or four counties, and the largest could not exceed one county.

In other words, the resources that a prince canonized by Liu Xiu can control and mobilize in his own territory will not exceed one secretary of the prefectural party committee at best. This is not the same thing as Liu Bang's feudal princes who owned dozens of cities at every turn.

Second, even so, he also placed the feudal states of these princes, especially the larger feudal states, in today's Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi and other places, scattered and interspersed between the counties directly under the imperial court.

That is to say, these feudal states are not only in places where the imperial court can stretch out its whip, but also completely under the supervision of local county and county cadres.

Third, he reiterated the "Law of the Attached Vassals" and the "Law of the Left Official" formulated by Emperor Wu of the former Han Dynasty.

This is somewhat awkward, and the original texts of the two laws cannot be examined, but from the research and research of later generations, we can know the general meaning.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che, as the great-grandson of Liu Bang, was a powerful emperor who was good at political wrestling. Liu Bang first canonized the heroes, and then cracked down on the political chaos caused by it, and it was almost cleaned up by him.

When dealing with the princes, Liu Che formulated and implemented these two laws well in order to strengthen the management of the princes from the level of national laws and from the level of the superstructure.

It was precisely these two laws that guaranteed and cooperated with the implementation of Liu Che's "Tui En Order" that gradually solved the political situation in which the princes called for the imperial court.

For the successful practices of the ancestors, Liu Xiu of course has to implement the "take-it-or-leave-it-ism".

To put it simply, the "Law of the Princes of the Attached Domains" stipulates that the power of the princes is excessive, the princes pursue extralegal interests, and other people who flatter the princes or do not know about the prince's illegal words and deeds must be punished with severe laws.

The "law of left-handed officials" is a kind of cadre personnel regulations.

"Zuoguan" refers to an official who served in a princely feudal state. The statute stipulates that cadres serving in princely feudal states should be discriminated against in terms of rank and treatment in all respects lower than similar cadres serving in the imperial court and its local government; Cadres serving in princely feudal states should be subject to many restrictions on the transfer of cadres to cadres of the imperial court and its local governments.

These two laws are very powerful, the former strictly restricts the princes from pursuing extralegal interests and engaging in small actions, and the latter strictly controls the princes to recruit talents.

In this way, Liu Xiu purposefully and systematically took a series of measures against the meritorious heroes, while rewarding them aggressively, seizing real power and restricting Hu Lai, plus he himself has a prestige that cannot be replaced by others, and has always firmly grasped the centralized power and the huge army.

Liu Xiu is so proper and natural in dealing with heroes, which is very rare in history.

Here are a few examples.

Deng Yu, as Liu Xiu's junior brother and chief think tank, is known as Liu Xiu's first hero in founding the country and the first person in Zhongxing.

Since the development of Hebei, he has tried his best to follow and assist Liu Xiu, and Liu Xiu's trust and favor for him have reached an unparalleled level, and he has been awarded a number of important military and political positions, and after the capital was established, he was appointed as the first great Situ of the empire and made him prime minister.

In terms of knighthood rewards, Liu Xiu was extremely generous to him, and his canonization and sealing were according to the highest specifications of the marquis, and the food he was given was also the most among the marquis.

After the basic reunification of the world, Deng Yu was keenly aware of the changes in Liu Xiu's thinking on governing the country, and thought that Liu Xiu wanted to "fight hard and cultivate virtue", and did not want to see so many meritorious heroes supporting huge numbers of troops in the capital and its surroundings, so he took the initiative to hand over military power, asked to resign from military and political posts, and concentrated on studying Confucianism.

(It is to go to the armor soldiers, Dun Confucianism.) ）

Liu Xiu was very satisfied with Deng Yu's performance, and successively dismissed him from several military positions, but still let him participate in major affairs as a senior adviser to the imperial court (invited by the court).

Deng Yu was a Confucian general who was known in history for his resourcefulness. He has a noble character and treats people kindly, and feels that Liu Xiu has infinite grace to him, and he should lead by example, take into account the overall situation, understand the general situation, be humble and know how to advance and retreat, and strictly follow Liu Xiu's requirements.

Now, the world has decided, and his best choice for himself is to be fame and fortune and stay away from power.

Therefore, after handing over various military powers, Deng Yu not only participated in some research and ceremonial activities at the invitation of the imperial court, but also focused on studying Confucianism and repairing family education.

His tutoring was scientific, rigorous, and humane, and was very successful, and he was a model for future generations.

He had 13 sons.

There are so many sons in the family of a founding father who is highly regarded by the emperor, and it is not easy to manage them well and not have accidents.

Deng Yu started from the family ethics of Confucianism to strengthen family education and management, requiring children to "learn one art each", and each of them should study and master a knowledge.

At the same time, he demanded that the living expenses of the whole family be taken from the food and euphemism given by the imperial court, and that the family members should never be allowed to do business or run industries.

(The capital is used in the country, and the profit is not repaired.) ）

For Deng Yu's approach, Liu Xiu admires him very much and values him even more.

In 56 A.D., Liu Xiu invited Deng Yu to go out of the mountain again, once again serve as the position of the Great Situ, and follow him to the East to inspect and participate in large-scale activities such as the worship of Mount Tai.

Of course, Deng Yu has gone through the frontier and the sea of eunuchs, and has already achieved fame, his heart is very peaceful, he can grasp his position very well, and he is both conscientious and humble everywhere.

His performance was appreciated by Liu Xiu and later Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Ming Dynasty.

The more modest and interesting he is, the more satisfied Liu Xiu's father and son are and the more they want to treat him better.

Later, when Liu Zhuang was remembering his father's heroes and founding fathers, the first batch of 28 generals were arranged, and Deng Yu was the chief.