Maybe ordinary people can't understand the current thinking of Shi Bufan, who feels that he is doing a very exciting thing, which is simply a crazy thing, because he wants to create another "sky". The ancients said that when describing good and evil, they generally used the so-called "walking against the sky" or "walking against the sky" as the standard for evaluating good and evil. And this heaven is that human beings take the so-called heavenly principles as the standard, and even many kings call the rebels and some revolutionaries "going against the sky", and then this going against the sky has become an important means for many ancients to attack political enemies and those academic enemies.

And this "heaven", whether it is in favor of the sky or against the sky, inevitably regards this "heaven" as a kind of existence higher than man. To make this heaven higher than man, whether it is in favor of heaven or against heaven, it is higher than man, so man must be under this "heaven" to be reasonable. Of course, there are feudal superstitions in ancient times, as well as the reason for the underdevelopment of science in ancient times, but in fact, "heavenly principles" are a kind of morality. In Shi Bufan's eyes, there is no heavenly principle in this world at all, and heavenly principle is just a common morality in people's hearts.

Since it is morality, it will also cause different changes depending on the times. Although Shi Bufan is inclined to learn idealistic thoughts, he will not deny that material conditions will affect the change of people's moral outlook. Material changes will cause changes in people's moral outlook, and changes in moral outlook will also lead to changes in laws. Law is actually a kind of morality, but law is the bottom line of morality.

The ancients used the so-called heaven as a basis to deify this heaven, and everything was also based on the mandate of heaven. But Shi Bufan now wants to pull that "heaven" down the altar, and then turn this "heaven" into a human being, and place people at a higher level of "heaven", that is, people are more than heaven.

Of course, the people of the Great People's Republic of China do not think that they are not in awe of the so-called "Heavenly Principles", but that they have turned this reverence for "Heavenly Principles" into awe of morality. The ancients added the term "heavenly principle" to this morality, which strengthened his so-called authority. However, what we need to do now is to turn this "heaven" into a "man" and this heavenly principle into a human "psychology".

In this way, it is almost a re-creation of a "heaven", which does not exist, but only exists in the human mind, a philosophical thought. Even Confucius did not dare to have such crazy thoughts. Confucius also said that "fifty know the mandate of heaven", and Confucius still believed in the "mandate of heaven" very much. However, Shi Bufan did not have any idea of "destiny" at all, which came from his scientific concept in later generations, although he did not specialize in science, but the scientific concept of later generations seriously affected him. Science and philosophy, materialism and idealism are not absolute opposites, they promote and influence each other. The development of science was enough to influence Shi Bufan, who was slightly more idealistic, but he did not reject materialism.

Science tells Shi Bufan that the so-called heaven and earth are nothing but a substance in the final analysis, and although matter exists, it is the human heart that really gives it a purpose, and human beings use consciousness to determine the attributes of this substance. Matter originally had no name, but it was man who gave it a name. Matter does not speak, but humans give him the "right to speak". Therefore, heaven and earth are just the embodiment of people's moral outlook and personality consciousness, and heavenly principles are a kind of "morality" recognized by people, not the real "principles" of God.

Since "heaven" is the understanding in people's hearts, if we change people's understanding of "heaven", it means that we have recreated a "heaven". This is so crazy that even Confucius and even the ancients did not dare to think so. They have always regarded heaven as sacrosanct, and even advocated conforming to heaven and opposed going against it. However, the extraordinary times have to reshape a heaven in people's hearts, which is enough to make those ancient scholars collapse. The ancients didn't dare to do this, but it doesn't mean that Shi Bufan, this traverser, didn't dare to do this. Because he has not only studied idealism, but also materialism and scientific views, he will naturally not be so pedantic.

He dared to think that the ancients did not dare to think about it, so he dared to put forward his own theory, and proposed that Tianli is actually the psychology of human beings, and Tianli is the embodiment of people's moral conscience. And Tianli is not something that can be used by a certain person, Tianli belongs to anyone in the world, not to a certain person.

Dong Zhongshu said that only Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's rebellion was recognized by the world, and it was considered to be the induction of heaven and man. However, how later generations took things out of context, and how to blame those so-called lightning and thunder or fire alarms and other things on the induction of heaven and man, is really wrong. Dong Zhongshu did not really put forward such a statement, on the contrary, what he put forward was nothing more than the rebellion of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, which was a warning from heaven. And Chen Sheng and Wu Guang are afraid of the cool law of tyrannical Qin, so they rebelled. Therefore, the heavenly principles that the tyrannical Qin fought against were the bottom-line morality established in the hearts of the people. Therefore, I believe that the bottom line morality of the human heart is the real induction of heaven and man. However, later generations are far-fetched, thinking that the heavens will send down lightning and thunder and the earth to move as a warning to the king. I thought that Dong Zhongshu's celestial and human induction was actually the same as the psychology I advocated. As an individual, we must experience our inner conscience, and then truly know what we need, truly know the good and evil in our conscience, and then we can act according to our own conscience. ”

"As the king of a country, as a member of the imperial court, you should understand the needs and thoughts of all the people in the world, truly think for the needs and thoughts of all the people in the world, and prepare for the maintenance of the psychology of all the people in the world. And in this way, you can really go with the sky. The so-called Shuntian is nothing more than conforming to the hearts of all the people in the world. Heaven exists in the hearts of all the people in the world, and conforming to the hearts of all the people in the world means obeying the will of heaven and obeying the principles of heaven. ”

Shi Bufan explained these to those students of Kong Yingda, and many people, including Kong Yingda, fell into contemplation. Because everyone doesn't really have a real understanding of what this day is. When the universe was created, there were no human beings, so no one could really understand how this heaven came to be. Countless people have also created heaven through hypothesis, and different schools of thought have different understandings, and there has never been a unified standard for what this "heaven" is.

Shi Bufan then added a fire and said: "In the pre-Qin period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and different schools of thought had different understandings, and they had different understandings of this day. And even in Confucianism, there are many different understandings, why is that? I think this just proves that heaven is shaped by the human heart, and the sky is actually in the human heart, and it is the cognition and change in the human heart. This heaven is not a constant layer, the sky will change in people's hearts with different times. Therefore, I think that the human heart is the standard, the human heart is the standard of heaven, and the heaven is the embodiment of the human heart. The sages are actually not wrong, but the era of Sage Kong and the era of Dong Zhongshu have changed, so this makes different people have different ideas about 'heaven'. They all represent the hearts of the people of the times at that time, so they represent the hearts of the people, and the change of the hearts of the people will naturally change the sky. ”

"Good!" Kong Yingda finally said, and then said: "I think I have learned a lot about the knowledge of my ancestors, but I can't really learn it. The sages said that there would be different opinions from the later Confucians, and I always thought that tracing the true meaning of the ancestors was the only way to be truly retro. But after listening to what Xiaoyou said, simply pursuing retro is nothing more than the opposite. Those who are in power should experience the hearts of all the people, and to experience the hearts of all the people is to understand the principles of heaven. The 'heavens' of different eras are different, and the principles of heaven are naturally different. Heavenly principles are actually the psychology of the human heart, and it seems that we are all on the wrong path. Retro doesn't have much meaning, as long as we can truly pursue the psychology of all the people in the world, then we can have real heavenly principles. ”

Shi Bufan nodded, this Kong Yingda is not too pedantic. This Tang Dynasty period did not have the pedantry of Confucianism after the Southern Song Dynasty, but was very open-minded. There can also be more inclusiveness for various academic concepts, so the so-called "heart science" of Shi Bufan can be accepted by Kong Yingda.

However, Shi Bufan knew that there was actually a pit in this study of mind, and what he advocated was "heart" rather than "heaven" and "reason" in this study of mind proposed by Shi Bufan. In Shi Bufan, the principles of heaven are actually built on the basis of people's hearts, and to truly experience people's hearts is actually to experience heavenly principles. However, Shi Bufan pointed out that this people's heart is not an unchanging layer, the people's heart is actually changing with the changes of the times, and the morality of this era cannot be measured by ancient morality, which is also the change of "heart".

In fact, in Shi Bufan's eyes, it will help the future political and economic reforms, because everything he proposed is based on the "heart", and this "heart" is the "heart" of all the people in the world, and the principles of heaven are the thoughts and needs of all the people in the world. Shi Bufan believes that this "heart" is not a constant layer, but has changed with the times. This is tantamount to paving the way for future political reforms, economic reforms, and social reforms, and will not be the same as the past belief that "heavenly principles" remain unchanged, and everyone must conform to them.

In the extraordinary "study of the mind", as long as people's hearts change, the principles of heaven will naturally change. This is tantamount to Shi Bufan usurping the so-called heavenly principles, turning the heavenly principles into people's hearts, and turning the so-called unchanging and lofty heavenly principles into moral thoughts that are lower than human beings. It was supposed to be "human Shuntian", but now it has become "artificial heaven", and such a relationship is tantamount to reversing the past relationship. This kind of relationship is tantamount to reversing the relationship between father and son, which was originally born into a human being, but now it has become that heaven is created by the human heart, but the heaven must conform to the human heart, and conforming to the heavenly principle is also conforming to the human heart.

When the ancient reformers reformed the country's economic, social and political system, the biggest obstacle was to be attacked with the "Mandate of Heaven". The thinking of the ancients had too many limitations, and the phenomenon of the thinking bureau was too great compared to the thinking of later generations, and they could not jump out of this idea of the Mandate of Heaven in the face of the idea of the Mandate of Heaven. Therefore, in the face of these vested interests, and even the emperor facing them, they cannot be refuted with the same Mandate of Heaven. Especially when the monarch claims to be granted by God, once the other party sacrifices the theory of the mandate of heaven, then no reformer will dare to refute it, because once he refutes it, he is refuting the emperor and refuting the emperor's power, and the emperor will definitely not allow him to reform at that time.

In this kind of family era, any reform of the monarch is actually to maintain the rule of his family, not really for the good of the people. So if the reform affects his power, then they will interrupt the reform. And Shi Bufan thinks that if his theory that heavenly principles are equal to people's hearts is promoted, then this will definitely have incomparably significant benefits for the future.

Once the mandate of heaven is equal to the people's hearts, then when the time comes, the reform can be justified by the needs of the people's will, and then the people's hearts can be used as the reason to refute. If the principle of heaven is equal to the human heart, then this is equivalent to further development, so that according to the extraordinary speculation, it may gradually evolve into the so-called civil rights and democracy. Of course, this is democracy and civil rights with Chinese characteristics. Because once the Heavenly Principle is equal to the human heart, it means that everyone has the qualification to represent the Heavenly Principle. Once all the people together decide to "vote", so that the people are qualified to represent the "Mandate of Heaven", and the emperor does not claim the Mandate of Heaven? Once the "Mandate of Heaven" is represented by the hearts of all the people, then such an emperor is equivalent to another form of monarchy and people's authority.

Shi Bufan is usurping power, and what he is usurping is not an ordinary political power, but usurping the power of the sky. It is equivalent to turning the ethereal heaven into the human heart, and the people of the world together are the principles of heaven and the mandate of heaven. In this way, if the king cannot handle the government affairs well, then the people can also use the "Mandate of Heaven" as a reason to rebel again, and then choose a new one that is in the interests of all the people, so that he can obtain the "Mandate of Heaven" forged by this person's heart. In fact, this is another form of "election," which can pave an ideological and theoretical path for the future electoral system, and is an ideological theory with Chinese characteristics.

Of course, those scholars in the early Tang Dynasty did not know that there was such a big hole in the extraordinary "Xinxue" at this time. The ancients understood the thinking of later generations very well, but although it was difficult for later generations to understand the ancients, the understanding of the ancients by later generations will always be better than that of the ancients. The ancients could not predict the world in the next hundreds or even thousands of years, but Shi Bufan, a traverser, could easily dig a pit in his own "psychology", which specifically provided an ideological and theoretical basis for the future political, economic, social, and other structural reforms.

Of course, this theoretical basis is still based on traditional Chinese Confucian philosophy, which is tantamount to using the theories of various Confucian sages to "justify oneself". Confucianism pays attention to "correct names", but instead uses Confucian sages as "righteous names", which has to be said to be a irony.

"Hmph, it was originally a school of inadequate discipline, and those rulers could distort and interpret it out of context according to their own needs. If they can, why can't I? They can use it, why can't I? The monk can touch it, why can't I touch it? Shi Bufan thought sinisterly.

Shi Bufan does not think that it is wrong for him to usurp the so-called "heaven", because the world is still dominated by man, and man cannot be bound by the ethereal "sky". If there really is a day when this human no longer needs this "heaven", then let him die! There is no "Heavenly Principle" in this world, Heavenly Principle is just the embodiment of the human heart, and the human heart of different eras has different ideas, and human beings cannot be bound by the ancients hundreds of thousands of years ago, how sad is this!

Therefore, Shi Bufan thinks that he can recreate a "heaven", that is, to recreate the human person's view of the human body, world view and values, and the "three views" of human beings are the real "heaven".