The migration of Chinese to Japan began around the Qin Dynasty, but did not stop there. Since the Qin Dynasty, whenever the Central Plains is not safe and wars are raging, there will be a large number of Chinese, in order to escape the war, go to the sea to survive. And a large number of people from the Central Plains arrived at the destination that is today's Japan.

Japan's oldest history books, the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, contain detailed accounts of Chinese immigrants. These Chinese immigrants, under the guise of their ancestors, claimed to be descendants of the Qin Emperor Han Wu. For example, Gong Yuejun and the Qin people under his leadership claimed to be descendants of Qin Shi Huang; The Han people led by the Lord of Achi and his son, Dujia, claimed to be the descendants of Emperor Ling of Han; The lord of the narrow village, Qing, also claimed to be a descendant of Wu Sunquan; Sima Dazhi and others claimed to be descendants of the Sima clan of the Southern Dynasty.

These descendants may be true or false, but they are enough to prove that the Chinese migrated to Japan early. And the bloodline left by these Chinese in Japan has become a wealthy family of the upper class because of their advanced cultural knowledge. For example, the Qin people, led by Gong Yuejun, were given the surname Nao in Japan, and the Nao surname became an important surname in ancient Japan. Subsequently, there were the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Wen Shou, which successively became wealthy families in Japan.

The era of Chinese immigration to Japan was the beginning of Japanese history. The history of the Japanese is divided into four periods, the first of which was the Jomon period, a primitive society, when Japanese culture lagged far behind China. From about 7,000 BC to 300 BC.

The second era was the Yayoi period, from 300 BC to 300 AD, when Japanese culture developed by leaps and bounds. This era is the era when Xu Fu of the Qin Dynasty went to sea and arrived in Japan. With the continuous arrival of the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the Japanese of this era, from the Chinese, learned rice cultivation techniques, iron smelting and copper smelting techniques. In addition, I learned how to build a stilt building.

In addition, this era is the beginning of the Japanese people's historical memory. Himiko, the prototype of the Shinto god Amaterasu, the main god of Shintoism, who was worshiped and worshipped by the Japanese in later generations, was born in this era.

According to the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and the Biography of the Wa People": "It is a common establishment of a woman as the king, and her name is Beimihu." Things are ghosts, can confuse the public, he has grown up, he has no husband, and he has a male brother George. Since he became king, few people have seen it. Thousands of servants served themselves, and only one man gave food and drink, and passed on the resignation in and out. The residence is in the palace and the building is viewed, and the city fence is strictly set. It is often guarded by soldiers. ”

According to the "Later Han Dynasty Book Volume 85 - Dongyi Lie Biography 75 - Wa", it is recorded: "Huan and Lingjian, the Wa Kingdom was in turmoil, and they attacked each other, and there was no owner over the years. There is a woman who is said to be humble, who is old and does not marry, and who is a ghost and a god, and who can deceive the people with a demon. So they became kings together. There are thousands of maids, and few people have seen them. Only the man gave food and drink and passed on the word. The residence in the palace room, the building and the city gate, are guarded by soldiers. The law and customs are severe. ”

And the so-called Amaterasu, although legend has it, refers to the left eye of Izonozun. But actually, in the original Shintoism. But it is simulated with a bronze mirror given by the Chinese. In the "Edict of the Queen of Baowu" in December of the second year of the early Jing Dynasty, it was recorded that the Wei State had given 100 bronze mirrors and various items to Himihu.

According to legend, Amaterasu's main achievement was to reclaim the fields in Takamagahara. Teach the skills of silkworm raising and weaving, so that the gods can live a comfortable and peaceful life. And the Yagashi mirror became the god of Amaterasu.

The overlap of historical truth and legend is not a coincidence. When all kinds of perfunctory details are removed, the truth of the matter is that Himiko became the god Amaterasu worshipped in later generations because he founded Shintoism. The skills he learned from China and passed on to the Japanese became his main deified achievement. Even the bronze mirror given by the Chinese to Himiko has become an important tool for their religious ceremonies.

Therefore, since the beginning of Japanese civilization, there has been the imprint of Chinese civilization. And, indelible.

The third era of the Japanese is the Kofun period of the Japanese, and from this era, the Japanese called themselves Yamato. However, since there was still no written language at this time, the records are vague. The Japanese of this era began to learn Chinese etiquette and began to worship their ancestors like Chinese, forming rituals.

However, because China at this time was in the period of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the five indiscriminate China, and the inheritance of its own civilization became a problem. Naturally, I don't have time to worry about Japanese affairs. With the exception of a small number of immigrants who managed to escape to Japan, large-scale cultural exchanges did not begin.

The era when the Japanese actually produced and developed writing was in 538 A.D., after the beginning of the Asuka period. According to the official history, the Japanese borrowed Chinese characters to create their own national characters, and the time when they wrote Japanese can also be verified to the middle of the fifth century AD. After the 8th century, kanji was used as a symbol for writing in the Japanese language.

At this time, the Tang Dynasty, the most powerful dynasty in ancient China, was subjugated by the whole world, and all countries came to the dynasty. Among them are the Japanese. The Japanese people's learning of the Tang Dynasty and Chinese culture is not just a folk behavior in the past, but a conscious initiative from top to bottom.

By the middle of the fourth century AD, the Japanese under the name Yamato had largely unified the Japanese islands. In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty ended China's wars since the Eastern Han Dynasty. At this time, it was Japan's Prince Shotoku Regent, who sent envoys to Sui four times in order to change the backward status quo of Japan.

This is the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the Japanese and the Chinese, as a country. Subsequently, the Sui Dynasty fell and the Tang Dynasty was established. The Japanese began to send envoys to China to study again. In 630 AD, Emperor Shumei of Japan sent the first envoy to the Tang Dynasty.

And from 630 A.D. to 895 A.D., these two hundred and sixty years. During the Nara and Heian periods, the Japanese imperial court appointed a total of 19 envoys to the Tang Dynasty, of which three were suspended for some reason, and 16 were actually completed. However, there was a time when he only arrived in Baekje on the Korean Peninsula, twice as a "Tang envoy" to send back to the Tang Dynasty, and another time as a "Tang envoy" who sent a special delegation to greet him because of the return of the Tang Dynasty envoy. Therefore, in fact, the envoys worthy of the name were sent to the Tang Dynasty twelve.

The total number of Japanese who entered the Tang Dynasty for the twelve times was in the thousands. As a person who learns the advanced culture of other countries, it is natural that he must be extremely intelligent. Just like the publicly-funded international students in later generations, which one is not from the thousands of troops, and which one is not the top student among the top students.

Of course, in later generations, there were only more than 20 students who could be tested for their names, and the Tang envoys and merchant ships were sent to the Tang monks. More than 90 people have been found in the literature. Most of the names of the rest have been lost. Only Yoshira Yamagami, Ono Huang, Sugawara Michizane, Abe Nakamaro and others have left their names in the annals of history.

However, after returning from school, the status of these people in Japan immediately became higher than 10,000 people. It is not a problem to get an official and get a reward.

The culture that these envoys learned from China was quickly spread to Japan. Poetry and songs. A subset of scripture and history, astronomical calendars, everything. Since then, Chinese culture has taken Japan by storm, almost completely replacing the original Japanese culture. And in its original cultural foundation, there are also a lot of imprints of Chinese culture, so this replacement is natural and not uncomfortable.

In 818 AD, Emperor Saga of Japan. Following the advice of the envoy to the Tang Dynasty, Sugawara Kiyoko, he changed the Japanese etiquette system on a large scale. Learn from the Tang Dynasty and order that "men's and women's clothes should be made according to the Tang system". At the same time, the calendar, festivals, customs, and various rules and regulations were also changed. Therefore, most of the traditional Japanese costumes seen by Chinese in later generations are slightly evolved from the costumes of the Tang Dynasty in China.

The Japanese followed the example of the Tang Dynasty and established their own central mechanism, as well as a legal system. For example, the Dabao Decree was formulated based on the laws of the Tang Dynasty. And the establishment of the education system by the Japanese. It is also following the example of the Tang Dynasty. Schools of all kinds began to be established to disseminate cultural knowledge of the Tang Dynasty. Words are the most important thing.

However, while learning kanji, Japanese people also have the ambition to build their own writing system. Therefore, this kind of learning is not like that of ancient Goryeo. Later generations of North Korea generally copied them completely, and almost all history books were written in Chinese characters, so that later generations of Koreans could not understand their own history without knowing Chinese.

In this way, the Japanese gradually build their own characters based on kanji. Manyoshu, a famous collection of ancient Japanese poetry. It was written in Japanese characters that were created by the Japanese at that time. For example, the Japanese word for "mountain", pronounced "やま", is written in the Manyoshu with the two Chinese characters "also hemp". "桜" is pronounced as "さくら", so it is written in the three Chinese characters of "Sanjiuliang". In Japanese, the particles "て, に, を, は" are represented by Chinese characters such as "天, er, hu, 波". This method of writing came to be known as "Manyokana".

It's just that the Japanese characters that have not been created long ago are still very complicated. Basically, I'm still using kanji to keep things moving. It took one or two hundred years for the Japanese to succeed in simplifying Chinese characters. The letters become the regular script side of the Chinese characters, rather than the entire Chinese characters. For example, "阿" becomes "ア", "Yi" becomes "イ", and "Yu" becomes "ウ......

And these letters, which evolved from regular script, eventually became katakana in the Japanese language.

Of course, Chinese calligraphy is not only Kaishu, but also affiliation and cursive script. In the Tang Dynasty, unrestrained cursive script became the new favorite in calligraphy. Naturally, this is also something that Japanese people learn from. It is used by Japanese people to write letters and diaries in their daily lives. A hundred years later, the Chinese cursive script was reduced to another alphabet by the Japanese.

These letters, which evolved from Chinese cursive script, became hiragana in the Japanese language. For example, the Chinese character for "An" has become the Japanese character for "あ", and the Chinese character for "Yu" has become the Japanese character for "う".

These letters, which evolved from Chinese characters, are known as kana by the Japanese. These Japanese kana, like the letters in English, are not ideological, but phonetic. The Japanese have built their own language system in this way. However, due to the influence of the Chinese Chinese language, a large number of Chinese characters still remain in the Japanese language for expression. There are tens of thousands of them in total, and even in later generations, there are thousands of commonly used ones.

The Japanese study of Chinese culture continued from the Tang Dynasty to the Song and Ming dynasties. It's just that in the Ming Dynasty, the navigation technology of the Chinese has greatly improved, and Japan, an island country with a small area and cold weather, is no longer the first choice for Chinese immigrants. The first choice for Chinese immigrants has become the Nanyang island country.

The natives of these Nanyang island countries are more backward, have more abundant products, warmer weather, and are farther away from the Central Plains. And there were no large-scale wars. As a result, there was a large-scale influx of Chinese, and until later generations, the influence of the Chinese in the Nanyang Islands could not be ignored.

By the time the Manchus entered the customs, the Japanese also entered the Tokugawa shogunate period. The Manchus and Japan unanimously adopted a policy of closing the country to the outside world. Cultural development has come to a standstill. And after the arrival of the Japanese black ships, they were forced to open their doors to European and American countries. From then on, the Japanese became the younger brother of the Americans.

In order to expand the territory and plunder resources, the target was set on the original boss. and China are becoming increasingly hostile. However, in the midst of this hostility, the Japanese were also embarrassed. Almost all Japanese people have Chinese blood in them.

In order to deny this, the Japanese have never recognized themselves as a country of Chinese immigrants for more than a thousand years. This was a forbidden topic in Japanese historiography before Japan's defeat in World War II, and even decades after Japan's defeat. Even in Japanese history textbooks, this passage is obscured.

Since the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese have instilled in them the idea that Japan is a single nation-state. Even if it is a last resort, when the matter of immigration is occasionally mentioned, the words used are the proper nouns "naturalized people" or "ferry people".

If you look at the meaning of these two words, you can see the intentions of the Japanese. Japanese historiography will not admit its own lineage. And with himself as the center, he determined that everyone who came to Japan later was envious of Japanese culture, they were all hot faces who took the initiative to stick to the cold ass, and they were all begged by other people to be Japanese, and they all wanted to submit to the Japanese, so these foreigners were "naturalized people". Arrogant mess.

However, the Japanese will not be able to hide the truth after all. Whether it is the study of human genes in later anthropology or simple historical research, it can be proved that there is a large amount of Chinese blood in the blood of later Japanese.

As a later Japanese historian put it, just count the numbers of our ancestors. It can be said that every Japanese in modern times has inherited the blood of all the Japanese who lived 1,000 years ago, so it must be admitted that no matter who we are, we have 10 or 20 percent of the blood of the naturalized people of ancient times. Although it is popular to say that our ancestors assimilated the naturalized people, this is not the case, and the naturalized people (Chinese immigrants) are our ancestors. (To be continued.) )