Chapter 284: The First World War
Hu Chuyuan knew early on that World War I would inevitably break out, but he really didn't expect that it would finally happen in the Balkans in 1914.
This place seems to be a powder keg forever.
Of course, it was not in 1910, but in 1914, which was a good thing for China, because the later it happened, the better it was for China.
He did not deny that after the end of the war in the Far East, Russia's internal contradictions began to be masked by external contradictions, and with the support of Germany, the Russian economy also recovered rapidly from 1903.
He did not deny that the German economy has been developing rapidly, supported by strong technological and scientific research capabilities.
However, no one can deny that the speed of China's economic development is even faster.
China's rapid economic development may be a miracle of this era, from 1907, China's GDP officially surpassed the United States in statistics to jump to the first place in the world, to 1913, China's share of industrial GDP in the world has climbed to 23.7%, the United States accounted for 21.3%, Germany accounted for 13.2%, Britain accounted for 11.7%, France accounted for 5.1%, Russia accounted for 2.4%, Italy accounted for 2.1%, Austria-Hungary accounted for 1.7%.
This is one of the top eight industrial powers in the world.
China accounts for 21.4 percent of total agricultural output, compared to 13 percent for the United States, which ranks second.
If China and its colonies are taken into account, the total value of agricultural output in the world is 37 per cent, and the share of total industrial output in the world is about 30 per cent.
It was an asymmetrical war, although in the eyes of the Allies they still had good reasons to win against everything.
For example, the noble blood of the Germans and Slavs.
It is a pity that when Hu Chuyuan decided to declare war, he did not plan to fight with Russia for a long time, nor did he plan how many troops Russia would invest in Europe, he directly aimed at Russia's back, and China's plan from the beginning was to attack Russia first and concentrate all its efforts to attack Russia.
The first knife began at the former watershed - Chelyabinsk.
The large force directly bypassed Chelyabinsk, quickly inserted into Kostanay and Astana, occupied the Russian railway line in the Kazakh region, and then carried out a two-sided offensive to encircle Chelyabinsk.
The Russians were very strong in the defense of Chelyabinsk, and the surrounding area was full of pillboxes.
Hu Chuyuan did not plan to attack, his goal was to besiege the city and send reinforcements, hold Chelyabinsk and continue to attract Russian troops to attack, and then suddenly use a more powerful new military force to encircle and annihilate the main reinforcements of Russia, and finally take Chelyabinsk.
After occupying the entire Kazakh region, the army began to quickly cut into the area between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and flanked the main forces of the Russian army in the Caucasus with the army in the Persian region from the north and south.
After clearing the two forces in the east and south of Russia, he would suspend the offensive against Russia, concentrate his forces to clear the Balkans, and gradually assist Britain and France in eradicating Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary and other miscellaneous opponents.
As for Germany, that was a matter for the British and French.
He was not stupid enough to fight Germany and Russia at the same time, and the best way to concentrate his forces against the miscellaneous troops was to use the long-term resource advantage to fight Germany against attrition.
Before the official start of the war, the State Military Commission had already completed two emergency mobilizations, the army was increased to 94 divisions, 52 divisions were upgraded to the level of integrated divisions, the total strength of the army was expanded to 3.14 million, the marine division was increased to 17 divisions, the air force was increased to 15 divisions, and the airborne division accounted for 7.
In fact, the secret of Hu Chuyuan's victory is very simple.
When others develop cavalry troops, they will develop mechanized troops, and if others develop mechanized troops, they will develop air forces, and the best strategic advantage is to occupy tactical superiority one step ahead of the opponent.
If he wants to fight World War II, then there is no way, he can only take the lead in developing the world's largest aircraft carrier group, and by the way, engage in atomic bombs and ballistic missiles.
What else could he do?
I want to be the country with the largest territory in the world and the largest colonial territory, and I don't want to go to war yet...... That's really a dream!
Therefore, China can only always be ready for war.
Before the full-scale declaration of war, Hu Chuyuan had also completed the deployment of sincere and benevolent personnel in China, Li Kaiye once again went to Novosibirsk Province to serve as commander-in-chief of the Siberian Front Group Army, Feng Guozhang went to the Caucasus battlefield, and Lu Guangquan was in the Balkan battlefield.
Duan Qirui and Yang Zongli stayed in China, the former as Minister of War and vice chairman of the State Military Commission, and the latter as chief of the General Staff of the Army Staff, and the 12 divisions that were expected to remain in China eventually were personally controlled by Hu Chuyuan.
…… The scale of the war expanded rapidly, and the main forces of the Russian army quickly gathered in the Caucasus, launching the first round of a large-scale offensive in Armenia before the summer passed.
Persia and Armenia amassed 500,000 troops, roughly the same size as the Russian army in the Caucasus combined, and the two sides faced off in Yerevan.
In the Balkan Theater, the Allied forces of Italy, Austria-Hungary, Seville, Romania, and Bulgaria stormed Macedonia, with more than 1.3 million allied troops, while the Ottoman Empire, Marston, and Albania combined forces were less than 700,000, and Zhang Shiying led the First West Asian Army of 220,000 people, totaling six divisions.
In the European theater, Germany first attacked Luxembourg and Belgium, seized the communication arteries to France, and the Anglo-French forces arrived in Belgium in August 1914, unable to resist the German offensive and fully retreated.
In September 1914, the Anglo-French forces fought the Battle of the Marne on the banks of the Marne.
Prior to this, the British army had begun to install a large number of infantry armored vehicles TZB-4 and its improved field communication vehicles through a secret army joint research and development program with China, as well as 30mm rotary grenade launchers and their enhanced models.
The Germans suffered heavy losses, heavy losses in infantry and armored vehicles.
In October, relying on infantry armored vehicles TZB-4 and a small number of medium main battle armored vehicles TZA-4, the British broke through the German defense line and forced the Germans to switch to passive defense.
During this period, a large-scale decisive battle on the battlefield between China and Russia finally arrived.
After many months of deployment, China and Russia have gathered more than 1 million troops in the Siberian battlefield, and the two sides have opened their fronts, and the first, third, and fourth armies of the Chinese Army's Northwest Front have simultaneously divided their troops into three routes to defeat the Russian army's outer line defense with mechanized large-scale mobile operations, and encircle Chelyabinsk on three sides.
A large-scale battle of mechanized corps broke out on both sides in Chelyabinsk.
Bombers were also used simultaneously in this war.
However, the gap between the two sides is also very obvious.
…… Li Kaiye's feeling of being reappointed as the commander-in-chief of the Northwest Front was very strange, and he found that in every major battle, he needed to first learn to use a new tactic.
It's the same this time.
Hu Chuyuan equipped him with 6 air divisions, 3 bombing divisions, 2 mixed divisions, and 1 airborne division.
Nearly half of the strength of the domestic air force was handed over to him.
Novosibirsk in October is already very cold, dry and cold, and until there is no large-scale snowfall, the weather will always be so dry and cold, and the cold is very uncomfortable.
However, Li Kaiye is already familiar with it.
He had tried this taste in the early years.
He is not the kind of general who likes to ignore his opponents, but he inevitably feels that victory is not far away, and the two Russian army groups are located in Chelyabinsk, and there is also half an army group in Yekaterinburg.
After the rapid insertion of his three armies, the Russian army also transferred two armies from Moscow and the Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) region, one from the north and one from the south, in an attempt to form a three-way encirclement and strangle his three armies in Chelyabinsk.
This is a very interesting thing, before this, Li Kaiye had already relied on speed to capture the Kazakh region, and it seems that the Russian army does not intend to hold on to the Kazakh area, they are only fortifying in the Ural River and Orenburg to stop the Northwest Army from rushing.
It doesn't matter, that's enough.
Li Kaiye wants this, he wants the Russian army to gradually defend the line and open a whole defensive line to confront him, so that he can use large-scale mechanized troops and rapid mobility to concentrate on movement and find a weak opponent to defeat in the movement.
He has 43 army divisions in his hands, with a total strength of 1.57 million troops, divided into four group armies, almost all of the elite of the Huguang Corps and the Central Plains Corps are here, all of them are integrated divisions, 1/3 of the integrated mechanized troops, and 1/3 are quasi-mechanized rapid troops.
In addition, he has 6 air divisions, the airfield is in Omsk.
For the time being, it is impossible to attack Tyumen, although, there is an important goal for him, and only by taking Tyumen will he be able to besiege Moscow.
Before leaving, Hu Chuyuan invited him to a meal.
Hu Chuyuan's food is not delicious, he eats delicacies from the mountains and seas, and he has to hold his head to guarantee after eating.
The food was eaten, and the military order had to be received.
This time, Li Kaiye is also quite hanging, and he has no bottom in his heart...... The military order he received was to capture Moscow and besiege St. Petersburg, and the domestic resources were given priority to supply him, and everyone else was to cover for him.
From Yanjing to Novosibirsk, he has been pondering the question of how to take Moscow.
He particularly carefully studied the lessons of Napoleon's defeat, although when he was at the Oakland Military Academy in the United States, he had discussed it with his teacher Lu Guangquan, classmates Yang Zongli, Zhang Shiying and others.
At that time, they came to the conclusion that Napoleon, carried away by the victory, fought too hastily, did not do the strategy of step-by-step, did not make logistical preparations.
Now that I think about it, this conclusion is still too simplistic.
It's more than that.
has already hit someone else's lair, can others not be in a hurry?
Now that I think about it, Napoleon was not too much wrong, to fight Moscow was to take risks, and it was necessary to take risks.
Even today, he has to take risks, he must be guaranteed from Nov Godero, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk...... This is the connection of the entire railway.
In addition, the country also had to mobilize manpower and material resources to build the railway from Tashkent to Orenburg for him, and he himself had to do his best to keep the railway from Orenburg to Chelyabinsk, fortunately, he started quickly, attacked quickly, and took Kostanay before the Russians destroyed the railway, and secured the railway line from Kostanay to Astana and from Astana to Almaty.
The siege of Moscow is not possible without two railway transport lines, and there are also many road lines, and the road conditions almost do not matter, but there must be.
Therefore, he proposed to Hu Chuyuan alone to keep a simple engineer division specifically responsible for road repair.
In addition, he wants more bombing divisions to bomb Moscow and subsequent Russian supply lines indiscriminately to prevent the Russian army and the Germans from assisting Moscow.
These conditions are indispensable.
Therefore, it is not easy to besiege Moscow.
The good news is that the Kazakh Autonomous State has been established, and after years of preparation, the Kazakh generals are organizing the troops of the Kazakh Autonomous State, and about 200,000 troops will quickly reorganize and turn their guns against the Russians.
October dawn in Chelyabinsk always comes very late.
In this war of intelligence, Li Kaiye formulated a bold plan to draw out the Second Army in his hands and use the fastest attack to suddenly strangle the ...... that had an unstable foothold More than 200 kilometers away was the Russian Fourth Army on the Eastern Front from Tsaritsyn.
In a rapid annihilation battle, full firepower, two air force bombing divisions launched an all-out attack, and the sky and the ground attacked together.
is very accustomed to it, Li Kaiye still let Sun Daoyuan, an old subordinate for many years, take on this important responsibility.
The Second Army, which had been on its way since the night before, had been marching day and night, by radio, and was now on the verge of an exchange of fire with the Russian Fourth Army on the Eastern Front.
The airfields roared, and 324 H-5 bombers of the two air force bomber divisions and more than 210 reconnaissance planes, attack planes, and fighters of the attached mixed brigades flew into the sky one by one, almost doubling the wartime strength compared with the entire normal period.
In order to ensure that the Second Army quickly annihilated the opponent and occupied Orenburg, Li Kaiye decided to take out his trump card in this battle.
The trump card does not have to wait until the last moment to be unleashed, and this kind of crucial battle that determines the long-term situation must also be brought out.
Taking Orenburg and annihilating the Russian Fourth Army of the Eastern Front, which was regarded as the ace of the Russian army, as long as this hand is won, it will be difficult for the Russians to turn the tables from him.
At this time, the Fourth Army of the Eastern Front of the Russian Army should still be stationed in Orenburg, waiting for the next order, or waiting for the Third Army of the Northern Front to arrive in Izhevsk, which is the problem of the difference in the speed of the march of mechanized and non-mechanized troops.
This is what Li Kaiye wants to take advantage of.
Not much, as long as there is a gap of two days, he can snuff out an army group in advance.
When the Air Force arrived on the outskirts of Orenburg, the Northwest Second Army was still more than 40 kilometers away from the Russian garrison, and the Russian army was already aware of it and was urgently preparing for war.
Massive armies were busy on the ground, looking like swarms of grasshoppers from the air.
As soon as the position of the main force of the opponent's mechanized forces was confirmed, a massive bombardment began on a scale that was completely beyond the imagination of the Russians, and tens of thousands of cluster bombs fell from the sky, blowing up the entire garrison area into a hellish sea of fire.
Restricted by the surname of the engine, almost all the armored vehicles of the Russian army are of the type of TZB-2 series, and the degree of armor defense is much worse than that of the TZB-2 series, so that it can be penetrated with large-caliber rifles.
This is even more unable to stop the indiscriminate bombardment of cluster bombs, and the mechanized troops concentrated in 1/4 of the Russian army completely collapsed almost in half an hour.
During this period of time, the Second Army of the Northwest had already divided its troops to flank the Russian troops on two fronts, and it was only after the bombing of the Air Force and the dive and assault of fighters and attack planes gradually ended that the Second Army of the Northwest launched a full-scale encirclement offensive.
It's almost bloodless.
On October 14, 1914, Sun Daoyuan's Northwest Second Army captured Orenburg, completely annihilated the Fourth Army of the Russian Eastern Front, captured a large number of enemy supplies, and continued to advance westward with the cooperation of the Air Force, and captured Samara on October 16.
China's Northwest Front Army has reached the banks of the Volga River, which is really ecstatic news.
The situation of the war took a sharp turn, and the first group in the northwest, which concentrated the main force of the Central Plains Corps, also crossed the defense line of the Russian army in the Ural Mountains and directly attacked the third army of the Russian army on the northern front that came to the rescue.
In just one week, the Russian army lost nearly a million main forces in Orenburg and the Ufa region on the east side of the Volga River, and more than a million troops in Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg and Tyumen were also surrounded by the Chinese Army on the Northwest Front.
The rapid change of the situation, especially the might of the air force, made Li Kaiye quickly change his plan and began to storm Chelyabinsk.
A heavy bomber is nothing.
The combination of 324 heavy bombers is simply terrifying.
The H-5 became the key to deciding the outcome and deciding the second Sino-Russian war.
Under the indiscriminate bombardment, the Russian garrison in Chelyabinsk was quickly defeated, taking advantage of the Russian reinforcements away from the main battlefield, on November 14, Li Kaiye organized a large-scale airborne division operation in Tyumen, took Tyumen, and seized Russia's largest petrochemical base.
November 30th.
Before the onset of winter, Li Kaiye launched the final siege in Yekaterinburg.
This is almost a replica of the expected siege of Moscow, Yekaterinburg has a very special meaning for the Russians, and the whole battle is extremely difficult.
Relying on the all-round superiority of the army's equipment, Li Kaiye finally had the last laugh in the arduous tug-of-war.
On December 14, the return offensive of the Second Army of the Northwest Front finally penetrated the complex defensive pillbox line on the periphery of Yekaterinburg and captured Yekaterinburg, while Li Kaiye's Northwest Front Army also paid 140,000 casualties and more than 700 armored vehicles.
The losses of the old TZB-2 armored vehicles were the heaviest, and the enemy's 47mm caliber machine guns were the main lethal weapons, and due to their large size, these weapons were basically ambushed in concealed pillboxes and suddenly launched attacks on mechanized troops.
Other weapons of anti-armor vehicles are also appearing on a large scale, grenade launchers, mortars, anti-armor mines, and incendiary bombs are all producing their due power.
No matter what, Li Kaiye still completed his goal ahead of schedule and began to confront the Russian army across the Volga River.
The rapid decline of the Russian army completely exceeded the expectations of the Allies, and the original plan to defeat the Anglo-French forces with the German-Russian forces was aborted, and the two army groups that had already reached the heart of Germany were forced to withdraw to strengthen the defenses of the Moscow area.
Fortunately, winter in Russia has arrived.
During this period, around Samara, Bilm and Ufa, Li Kaiye only defended on the spot, and built a new airfield on the east bank of the Volga River, allowing the engineering troops to maintain the railway, build a strategic material reserve station, and count the spoils of war received from the Russian army.
The Mosin-Gana rifle was still very good, and it was used to form Kazakh militia units, and was shipped in large quantities to Persia and the Ottoman Empire for larger forces.
In the European theater, the German army began to use chemical weapons on a large scale, and the two sides retaliated against each other, and at the same time it was difficult to make progress in breaking through, and there was a constant tug-of-war.
Without the shock power of the Russian army, the combat effectiveness of Italy and Austria-Hungary was not too strong, and the Balkan front was basically in a glued state, in order to prevent the defeat of the Russian army, the German army was forced to transfer part of its forces to the Minsk region, ready to assist in the defense of Moscow at any time.
Taking advantage of the winter, the Russian army began to massively increase the number of new troops, and the total strength gradually returned to the level of the beginning of the war in 1914.
However, it is definitely a mistake to compare the reserve forces with China.
While the Allies were busy building up their military power, the Allies were also rapidly expanding their military power, especially China.
In March 1915, Hu Chuyuan expanded the army to 114 divisions, a total of 12 group armies, and the total strength of the army reached 5.8 million.
At the same time as the infantry divisions and regiments were increased on a large scale, the air force continued to expand on a large scale, and many pilots with only a few hundred hours of flying experience were also pushed onto the battlefield to train while fighting.
Relying on domestic production capacity, the Air Force quickly increased to 27 divisions, which were concentrated in Turkey and the Sino-Russian battlefields, and used the advantages of heavy bombers to continuously penetrate deep into the battlefield to attack the German army's supply lines.
Under the condition that the equipment deployment of the 74 divisions of the main domestic force can be basically satisfied, Chinese-made 75mm mortars, 120mm caliber howitzer mortars, 30mm rotary grenade launchers, 122mm self-propelled howitzers, medium main battle armored vehicles TZA-4, infantry armored vehicles TZB-4 and their improved field communication vehicles, and submachine guns CM1905B began to be delivered to the British and French forces in large quantities.
Some of the main divisions of the Jianghuai Division and the Southwest Division, which were responsible for defending the country, were reorganized into the 350,000-strong Fourth Army of the Southern Front, and began to enter the Balkan battlefield on a large scale.
The group army of the Central Caucasian Front quickly assembled and expanded, adding 21 new infantry divisions, preparing to join forces with the main force and the Northwestern Front at Tsaritsyn in preparation for the early siege of Moscow.
Domestic sappers and engineering forces, as well as a large number of Persian and Kazakh migrant workers, were concentrated to rush to repair the Kazakh and Caucasus main lines in preparation for ensuring that at least three railways would be replenished during the siege of Moscow.
In April 1915, Li Kaiye's Northwest Front mobilized two group armies to move south, stormed Tsaritsyn, and continued to use large-scale air force raids, large-scale mechanized troops interspersed with attacks, and artillery units that completely exceeded the size of the Russian army by three times.
The Russian army deployed a large number of troops in Tsaritsyn, and the two sides were entangled with each other, and it was not until June that Li Kaiye completed the annihilation battle in Tsaritsyn, and went south to attack the Caucasian Russian army in the north and south with the Polish-Austrian coalition army and Feng Guozhang's central line troops.
In mid-July, more than 600,000 Russian troops in the Caucasus were forced to withdraw to Krasnodar, where they were ambushed by Li Kaiye's advance deployment and bombarded by the air force.
This time, in Krasnodar, a large-scale air campaign finally broke out between the two sides, and the Russian army lacked sufficient technology for the development of fighters, and at present it is mainly the introduction of fighters of the Fokker series from Germany.
At this time, the domestic air force has begun to replace the F-104 mongoose fighter, and the powerful fighter surname can make this large-scale air force fighter completely fall to China, 740 F-104 easily tore more than 1,000 Russian Fokker series fighters to pieces.
In almost every day of air combat, the Russian army loses hundreds of fighters, and the self-loss rate is as high as 50%, while the self-loss rate of the Chinese Air Force is less than 15%.
In the past 10 years or so, China has been significantly stronger than the Russian army in its preparations, the industrial production capacity and level of the two countries are not on the same line, the quality of the soldiers of the army and air force is also significantly higher than that of the Russian army, and the ability of the campaign commanders is also quite different...... Taken together, these reasons made it possible for the Russian army, although it had the ambition of revenge, to be completely destroyed within a year.
At the end of July 1915, the Russian army was completely depleted and was forced to strategically shrink to the area around Moscow, and the German army had to reinforce more than 300,000 troops.
With the general mobilization of the German army, the German army, which only needed to fight on one side, rapidly expanded its results, and in the French battlefield, the German army forcibly occupied Paris, and the Chinese air force in France was forced to withdraw to the Bordeaux area with the British and French forces before they could exert their strength.
In August 1915, Feng Guozhang, with the support of the Polish-Austrian coalition forces, began to attack Kursk and Kiev, and Li Kaiye attacked Kazan and Nov Godero.
At the end of September, the troops of the central line were concentrated in Bronsk and Tula, responsible for besieging the southern front of Moscow, and at the same time cutting off the possibility of further German reinforcements, while Li Kaiye launched an offensive from the three areas of Nov Godero, Ryazan, and Ivanovo.
In Ryazan Oblast, Li Kaiye built a large number of air bases, began to carry out air strikes on Moscow, destroyed the last planes of Moscow, and carried out large-scale bombing of Moscow.
Although I don't know the specific reason, the Russian army has not used chemical weapons on a large scale in normal wars, so in the bombing of Moscow, Hu Chuyuan made a clear instruction that chemical weapons and ammunition will not be used for the time being, but incendiary bombs can be used.
Li Kaiye made more detailed rules, using incendiary bombs on a large area of the army garrison in Moscow, cluster bombs on possible mechanized forces, and ordinary high-explosive bombs in Moscow.
By 17 October, in just half a month, Li Kaiye had mobilized more than 1,400 bombers, half of which were heavy bombers, dropped more than 130,000 bombs, and mobilized more than 4,000 155mm guns and self-propelled guns.
Only then did Li Kaiye carry out a strong attack, and a large number of troops, led by more than 600 TZA-5 heavy armored vehicles, stormed in and tore a gap from the eastern front of Moscow.
On 19 October, after two days and nights of strong attack, the 33rd Division of the Huguang Corps took the lead in attacking Moscow, and on the evening of 21 October, the street fighting basically ended.
After the capture of Moscow, Li Kaiye's troops needed a period of supplies due to heavy damage, and Feng Guozhang's troops continued to go into battle, attacking Minsk from both Kiev and Moscow, trying to completely separate Russia and Germany, and carry out the final offensive against St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia.
Due to the underestimation of the German army's combat strength, on November 19, Feng Guozhang suffered heavy losses from the Germans in the Vitebsk area and was forced to temporarily retreat and re-defend, and the Polish-Austrian coalition army also suffered heavy losses from the Germans in the Gomeli area, and the two-front offensive plan failed to work.
In January 1916, Li Kaiye's troops went south, joined up with the Central Line Army, divided the troops into three fronts to attack Vitebsk, and the three mechanized army groups attacked at the same time, and finally tore through the German defense line, divided the German army into four parts, and broke them one by one.
The Battle of Vitebsk was the first truly large-scale battle between the German and Chinese armies, which can also be said to be a battle between teachers and students.
After decisively cutting off the retreat of the German army and annihilating more than 130,000 German troops, Li Kaiye was forced to withdraw to Vitebsk because of the German army's chemical weapons attack and strong counterattack.
On January 24, 1916, the long-range bomber group of the Chinese Air Force began to carry out chemical retaliatory attacks against the German troops stationed outside Minsk.
In the anxious confrontation with the German army, the General Staff adjusted the tactical planning of the army, temporarily did not rush to eliminate the German army in the Minsk area, concentrated all its forces to the north, completely captured the Russian capital St. Petersburg, and forced Tsarist Russia to surrender unconditionally and withdraw from the war.
However, just as Lee Kai-ye was preparing to readjust his tactical deployment, a large-scale workers' strike movement took place in St. Petersburg, the capital of Tsarist Russia, and more than 300,000 St. Petersburg workers declared a strike.
The Tsarist Emperor was largely exhausted in the defense of Moscow, and in a situation where he was unable to suppress it, Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate, and a day later, his successor brother Mikhail was also forced to abdicate, and the Romanov dynasty ended its rule over the Russian Empire.
Because it took place in the second month of the Russian calendar, it is also known as the February Revolution.
The February Revolution had three forms of leadership, namely the Constitutional Party with liberal (capitalist) ideas, the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party and the Social Party, the main body of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party was the Mensheviks who supported constitutionalism and elections, and the minority were the Bolsheviks who supported populism and the people's dictatorship, and the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks in the Social Boiler Party were equally divided.
When the February Revolution broke out suddenly, the Constitutional Party, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, and the Socialist Party, formed a coalition of the Provisional Axe, and announced their withdrawal from the Allied organization, which would have to fight for the defense of their homeland if the Entente continued to attack.
Now there is nothing so cheap.
On 17 April, the Military Council continued to maintain the original strategic plan, and Li Kaiye led his army to attack St. Petersburg, Russia, and on 3 May, the whole army conquered St. Petersburg, forcing the Russian Provisional Government to sign the "St. Petersburg Peace Armistice Treaty."
Russia recognized the autonomy of Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbai, the autonomy of Lithuania, Tatar, Chechnya in the Caucasus, Dagestan, Belarus, Latvia and Estonia, and the entire region east of the Ural Mountains as belonging to China and returned to Poland.
In terms of specific divisions, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia take the Volga River as the main dividing line, and Russia faces each other across the river from the regions of Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn (Volgograd), and Saratov, and the Tatar Autonomous State with Samara as the dividing line, and has the Orenburg region, and China with Orsk as the dividing line.
With a total area of 197,700 square kilometers, the capital of the Tatar Autonomous State is located in Kazan, which together with Kazakhstan has become a buffer zone between China and Russia.
The new Russia, known as the Federal Republic of Russia, implemented a parliamentary system and adopted the principle of majority political parties.
During this period, Jiang Yanxing, secretary of the Confidential Secretariat, arrived in St. Petersburg at the same time to carry out the special order granted by Hu Chuyuan, and took advantage of the special opportunity during the military occupation to secretly execute and exile a large number of Bolsheviks, reshuffle the cards within the Social Cooking Party, and reorganize the Mensheviks by the Social Cooking Labor Party established by Martov, who represented the Mensheviks.
On this basis, the Social Enlightenment Party and the Constitutional Enlightenment Party jointly came to power, and in the shortest possible time promulgated the "Anti-State Dictatorship Law", which banned anti-state dictatorship speech, defined the Bolsheviks as an illegal armed organization, and carried out large-scale arrests throughout the country.
After capturing St. Petersburg, Li Kaiye continued to lead the main force south to attack Minsk, while Feng Guozhang led a second-line army to sit in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and the capital was moved to Moscow, which was basically cleansed.
In May 1916, a large number of air forces began to assemble on the outskirts of Minsk, and in two years, the production scale of the Zibo Aircraft Factory under the subsidiary of Phu Quoc Heavy Industries was increased sixfold, a branch factory was opened in Jinyang, and there were professional suppliers of parts and components in Shanxi, Hebei and Shandong, producing 7,430 aircraft for the political axe.
Jiangnan Heavy Industry and Hyundai Heavy Industry are also producing fighter planes at their maximum capacity, and by March 1916, the total number of aircraft of the two major military organizations of the Allied and Allied powers has exceeded 34,000, and the industrial production capacity of almost every country has been raised to the limit.
As the technology is still relatively in a relatively basic stage, the speed of innovation is very fast, the F-102 Bear fighter provided by Zibo Aircraft Factory, the F-107 Black Stork fighter jointly produced by Hyundai Heavy Industries and Jiangnan Group, the British FB5, FE2B, F2B, France's Sparkard series fighters, and Germany's Fokker series have all produced thousands of units.
On the battlefields of France, the Fokker ED series used to be noisy, but that is a thing of the past.
With the full purchase of F-102 Bear fighters by the Entente countries, the German Fokker series fighters quickly fell behind.
The F-104 mongoose fighter jointly developed and produced by Zibo Aircraft Factory and International General Motors Group is even more unimaginable in this era, with a single-engine monoplane fighter with more than 355 horsepower, relying on a powerful engine and excellent aerodynamic appearance that far surpasses other fighters, the F-104 fighter's surname can far surpass that of German fighters.
Now at this stage, the engine engines of the latest fighters of the German Fokker family also did not exceed 200 horsepower.
This is completely a fighter of two classes.
Since production began in 1915, more than 7,000 F-104 mongoose fighters have been produced in the United States and China at the same time, and a large number of them have been supported by Britain, France and other Allied countries.
In the absence of suitable fighters to compete with the F-104 Mongoose fighters, the German bombers could not play any role at all, and the land forces and airfields were left to the bombing of the Chinese Air Force.
On June 4, the United States officially declared war on Germany, and the main force of the German army was forced to move to the domestic defense.
On June 21, Li Kaiye's troops completely annihilated the last part of the German army stationed in Minsk and invaded Poland and Romania.
During the same period, Lu Guangquan led the Western Front Army to defeat the Austro-Hungarian coalition forces, and the Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian armies were crushed.
On July 27, Romania, Bulgaria, and Seville were defeated one after another.
Although the German army continued to hold out on to the war on three fronts, by September 1916, Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary, Czechoslovakia and other countries were conquered one after another.
In the end, the Allies were left with only the Germans.
The Chinese Army began to assemble in the Czech Republic, and by November 1916, with the addition of the Persian, Ottoman, Armenian, Macedonian, Albanian, and Azerbaijani allied forces, the total strength had accumulated to 3.4 million.
In the French theater, the U.S. army began to enter the battlefield through Marseille, and the Anglo-French forces, the U.S. army, the South Seas coalition forces, and the Australian and Canadian regional forces also reached 2.7 million troops.
In Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Belarus, Feng Guozhang's army on the center line still numbered more than 600,000, responsible for protecting the situation in Russia while continuing to assist the Russian Provisional Political Axe in the comprehensive purge of the Bolsheviks.
On November 7, Li Kaiye and Lu Guangquan, as generals of the Chinese Army, served as commanders-in-chief of the Western and Southern Fronts of the Entente Powers, and led their troops to attack Poznan and Munich.
Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands have been recovering one after another.
On November 27, 1916, through Hu Chuyuan's personal persuasion, Kaiser Wilhelm II agreed to unconditional defeat on the premise of guaranteeing the territorial integrity of Prussia.
In the end, it is a mystery what to do with the four original sins and defeated countries of Germany, Tsarist Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
(To be continued)