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Today's three watches, the second watch is delivered, asking for a monthly pass, asking for a reward

After Song Xiaofei returned to Tianjin from the United States, he devoted himself to training 100,000 new troops, which spent the annual income of the First Republic's customs, that is, 22 million taels of silver, to purchase the most advanced weapons of the time, such as the Krupp heavy artillery and the Makqin heavy machine gun. In order to train this army into an iron army, Song Xiaofei, Wang Shizhen, Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang and other generals set up a training office at the Tianjin station, shared weal and woe with the soldiers, and ate and lived in the barracks. He selected generals, strictly set the salary, rewards and punishments to the public, and gave strict orders, and fired ten thousand shots at the same time with one move, and ten thousand guns at the same time when he raised his gun.

According to the military system of the German Army, Song Xiaofei divided the whole army into five arms: infantry, artillery, horse, engineering, and baggage, and the infantry army was divided into left and right wings, with 4 battalions on the left wing and 6 battalions on the right wing; The artillery team is divided into the right wing fast artillery team, the left wing heavy artillery team, and the receiving horse artillery team 6 teams; The horse team was divided into 8 teams, and the engineering battalion was divided into 6 divisions of repairing machinery, bridges, ramparts, thunder and lightning, telegraphs, and surveying and mapping.

Song Xiaofei gave them a uniform of German military uniforms, and the military uniforms used bars and stars to distinguish military ranks. He himself was the generalissimo of the army, but he was also the principal of the Beiyang Military Academy, and usually, he liked to be called "the principal" by officers and soldiers. Song Xiaofei referred to the modern law, formulated the Beiyang training camp system and pay seal, the army was divided into three classes: the standing army, the reserve army, and the reserve army, and the standing army implemented a new establishment, under the jurisdiction of 12 towns, four towns of the infantry team, two towns of artillery, cavalry, engineering, and baggage, and each town was divided into two associations, each association was divided into two standards, and each standard was divided into three battalions. Each battalion is divided into four teams, each team is divided into three platoons, each platoon counts three sheds, each shed has 28 soldiers, and the whole army is about 200 battalions and about 80,000 people.

Song Xiaofei stipulated that the standing soldiers should be paid a full salary, with a monthly salary of 4 taels of silver; retired in the battalion for 3 years as a reserve soldier, with a monthly salary of 1 tael of silver; Another 3 years. retired as a reservist, the monthly salary was halved; After another 3 years, he will be discharged from the army as a citizen, and in case of war, he can be requisitioned and reserved. Therefore, in fact, from 1892 to 1894, Song Xiaofei trained 120,000 modern army capable of fighting, twice as many as Japan's 60,000 army.

At the beginning, Li Hongzhang was preparing to establish the First Republic of China. Follow Yung Hong's advice, choose a federal republic, and formulate a constitution. First, the situation is compelling. Manchukuo and the governors of various regions could not be unified by force in a short period of time, and second, they were anxious to be recognized by the foreign powers, thinking that Japan was a constitutional monarchy and China was a federal republic, which was closer to the Western system than the Japanese, but he did not expect it. Having a National Assembly and a constitution is not the same as having democracy and constitutional government. Any bill that contradicts the interests of the gentry and bureaucracy cannot be passed in Congress. For example, Rong Hong once proposed to equal land rights and give farmers an equal share of land. A squire councilor took off his shoes and stood on the table and cursed why he should divide the land. The landlord was also a poor peasant three generations ago, and the family business that people had accumulated through hard work for several lifetimes, you said that it would be divided, and the society was not chaotic?

What made Li Hongzhang even more troublesome was that freedom of speech brought about confusion of ideas, and newspapers have sprung up in various places, with more than 500 newspapers appearing in Beijing and Shanghai. These scholars, who have been suppressed for thousands of years, scold them if they are not used to seeing them, and oppose everything the government does, and sometimes the newspapers still scold him for things promoted by President Li Hongzhang, and the Beijing federal government cannot do anything. For example, after the establishment of the Beijing Federal Government, the tax revenues of the provinces could not be collected, and Song Xiaofei's military training in Tianjin was to burn money, so Li Hongzhang instructed Sheng Xuanhuai, the chief of finance, to merge the three state-owned coal mines he had previously founded, namely the Cizhou Coal and Iron Mine in Hebei, the Xingguo Coal Mine in Jiangxi, and the Guangji Coal Mine in Hubei into the Xingguang Coal Mining Company, to attract investment, and cooperate with the Mitsui Foundation of Japan to become a Sino-Japanese joint venture, and the Japanese side paid 15 million taels of silver. In the end, under the pressure of public opinion, Congress vetoed the cooperation.

What made Li Hongzhang even more unacceptable was that the freedom of association allowed the rapid growth of the congress parties in various localities, with Guangdong being the most prosperous; when he was the governor of Liangguang, he suppressed bandits in Guangdong and beheaded nearly 10,000 people. Almost every day there will be a new party, with the Heaven and Earth Society, the Green Gang, and the Elders' Association being the most powerful, and they jointly established the largest opposition party: the Restoration Party, whose members also include many former members of the Boxers, the leader of the Restoration Party is called Zhu Xiangdi, who claims to be a descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang, this person is a native of Anhui, born in 1860, is a foreign student who came back from studying in the United States, and used to be a waiter in the restaurant, and in 1893 he encountered the American economic crisis, and he couldn't find a job, so he returned to China to make a living. Holding the railway engineering drawing, as soon as he opened his mouth, he said that he would build a 100,000-mile railway for China, Li Hongzhang called Zhan Tianyou, the chief of transportation, Zhan Tianyou looked at the railway map drawn by Emperor Zhu Xiang, which was like an earthworm, and wanted to poke himself in the eyes at that time, because he didn't know what the relationship between him and Li Hongzhang was, he only said a sentence of common sense: "I am not talented in my job, but I think that the railway should be straight." Li Hongzhang asked people to drive Zhu Dixiang out, he held a grudge, went to Guangdong to fool the bandits who were killed by Li Hongzhang, established the Restoration of Sight Party, and put forward the political slogan of "Restore the Ming Dynasty, Divide the Land Equally, Freedom and Democracy, Equality and Fraternity", which was very attractive to China's landless peasants, so the Restoration Party grew rapidly and grew to more than 100,000 people throughout the country.

Emperor Zhu Xiangdi was trained in an American school and had a great talent for oratory, he gave speeches everywhere and pointed out that Li Hongzhang was very stupid and changed the old things to a new name, such as the governor changing his name to the governor, thinking that this was a republic, which was very wrong! This does not solve any problems, the old bureaucracy still exists, and bribery and extortion are still rampant. Emperor Zhu Xiang attacked Li Hongzhang every day as a "fake republic", did not even dare to let the people cut his braids, and also let the Manchu Tatars whose hands were stained with the blood of the Han people join the republic, which was a disgrace to the republic, and he encouraged the members of the Hui Party to use violent means to seize power in some places and form a real republic, the political party was still very fresh in China at that time, the ideology of the Restoration Party was very demagogic, some young students also joined one after another, and members of the Restoration Party also appeared in the new army in some places.

In June 1894, Wang Zhichun, the governor of Anhui Province, was assassinated by members of the Restoration Party. At that time, Wang Zhichun was on his way to attend the opening ceremony of the provincial patrol police academy, and was about to enter the main entrance of the academy, when a student of the Restoration Party pulled out a stolen pistol and fired three shots at his head, all three bullets hit Wang Zhichun's head.

In this regard, Li Hongzhang has not been angry, there is one person who is angry first, he is Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang. Zhang Zhidong saw that Wang Zhichun was killed, and the rabbit died and the fox was sad, and realized that the next step of the Restoration Party might threaten his life, and before Li Hongzhang ordered the ban on the Restoration Party, he began to mobilize 5,000 well-trained new troops in Hubei and Hunan to gather in Wuchang and prepare to kill the Restoration Party!