The cause of death, this topic is boundless, and it is too taboo to do it.

"There is nothing taboo, this dynasty can not be regarded as the cause of the demise, although ...... Uh-huh! ”

Another clear piano sound interrupted Duan Hongshi's play, Li Shi glanced into the distance, and thought to himself that the synchronization rate between this maid and the old man was so high?

"The oppression of the official gentry is too heavy, the royal family is greedy for silver and luxury, the sky is angry and resentful, and the grass people all over the world rise up, and finally die in the hands of Li Chuang, probably ...... Is that so? ”

Li Xi casually memorized the standard answer.

"Oppression? Greedy for silver? Haha......"

Duan Hongshi's laughter was a little resentful, but Li Xian's attention was still on the maid whose head had been buried, and he didn't notice it.

"Natural disasters are not counted, do you know that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, even if you count the oppression of local bureaucrats and gentry, the burden of the grass people is not heavier than now?"

Duan Hongshi said in a low voice, as if he deliberately didn't let the maid hear.

Li Xian's brain was excited, and he turned his head and stared at Duan Hong, this is a dangerous remark! Duan Hongshi, who was staring at him, was also staring intently, observing his expression.

"Really?"

Li Xi also asked in a low voice, rolled his eyes, and repeated: "Really", this is not a rhetorical question, but a certainty.

Judging from what happened to Fengtian Village before, he was struggling on the verge of being displaced, it wasn't that the people had become numb, and the government had a net, he really didn't believe that the villagers were not opposed, at least the level of refusal to pay the imperial grain, it should have been done a long time ago.

"Really."

Duan Hongshi then said in a low voice: "This dynasty inherited the enslavement of the former Ming Dynasty, and the part of the human service, which was mostly converted into the regular tax in the former Ming Dynasty, and when it came to the present dynasty, this part was covered up, and the human service was still apportioned. In this dynasty, the examination of pro-people officials must be 10% full to be qualified, even if the gentry are not exempt [1], and the former Ming Dynasty is only 60%, and even if they receive 70%, even if they are excellent, the gentry are also exempted. After calculation, the former Ming grass people are tired, and they should not be heavier than this dynasty. ”

Seeing that Li Shi frowned slightly, Duan Hongshi chuckled: "The so-called exemption of three salaries in this dynasty, and the exemption of many graces, are just the hands and feet of the literati. ”

Li Xi already believed it, but it is difficult to understand, why did the peasant uprisings bloom everywhere at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and now, the burden is heavier, but they obediently obey the people one by one? Just shaving your head and shaving your head?

As if relieved of Li Xian's reaction, Duan Hongshi continued to increase: "The so-called greed for luxury, the former Ming royal family and the feudal kings of various places, are indeed extravagant, but compared with this dynasty, it is not a world of difference......

Li Shi nodded, and also lowered his voice: "Tens of millions of banner people, enough to cover the expenses of the imperial family of the former Ming Dynasty." ”

Duan Hongshi continued: "So, what's the problem? ”

yes, where?

In an instant, the distribution of the green camp flood pond, the collusion of the squires and officials, and the reaction to the local changes, a series of scenes flashed in Li Xian's head.

In terms of the depth of local control, the Manchus were indeed far stronger than the Ming Dynasty.

"Let's just say that there is a rebellion that cannot survive, and there are no rebels who can survive but want to rebel? From the former Ming Dynasty to the present dynasty, there are many cases of the latter coercing the former, and the difference is only in the current dynasty that this possibility can be minimized, but the hands and feet of the former Ming are much weaker. ”

Li Xian didn't have to think about it to understand this, the gang of bandits that were exterminated in the walled fort before, in the Ming Dynasty, I don't know how big a force it would swell.

Duan Hongshi sighed slowly: "In the former Ming Dynasty, pro-people officials were not allowed to disturb the countryside, and they were not even allowed to go out of the county. Later, the situation was forced to change, but the ancestral system was like a threshold, always holding the hand of the imperial court to control the place. Judging from the situation of getting along between the local government and the central government, in terms of finance and taxation, this dynasty has dug deeper than the previous one. The money and grain left to the local area in the former Ming Dynasty is still about 30%, while the local reservation in this dynasty is only 10%, but ......"

The maid in the distance also sighed leisurely, and Li Xi glared at it angrily, and what he saw was still a buried head.

"However, the former Ming Dynasty did not have the way of donation from the present dynasty[2], and the local squire and the imperial court were quite inconsistent in 'making a hole out of the profits'. The Zhenrong of the former Ming Dynasty was divided into extremely fragmented pieces by this dynasty, and the flood ponds were dotted around. Although the former Ming Dynasty admired science, it was not alone, and everyone had plenty of ears and eyes, and this dynasty was ...... The rule of the dynasty over the localities was weakened in the pro-people officials, but it was strengthened in the rituals and military affairs, in short......"

Duan Hongshi gave a conclusion.

"Ming is dead, it lies in carelessness!"

Li Xi wanted to ask more and more, did you really come through the later generations? Although this conclusion is also a bit rough, it is similar to the view of Huang Renyu in later generations. Huang Renyu believes that an important reason for the demise of the Ming Dynasty is financial bankruptcy, and the reason for the financial bankruptcy is that the national policy in the early Ming Dynasty has regressed significantly, and the political axe has not been allowed to provoke more responsibility, but only relies on the countryside to take care of itself, so it has not been able to obtain a powerful fiscal and taxation machine.

To see such a trend, it is not to turn over the moral articles of Confucianism, not to check the rules and regulations of Legalists, but to analyze the specific national political details, these things, for Confucian scholars, that is. It is in these instruments that the old man can see the potential! ”

"The old man studied Confucianism in the first 20 years, and studied the law in the last 10 years, but after all, he couldn't see through the world. After becoming a master for a living, my vision suddenly opened up! ”

"The situation of this land is not to see what the emperors and princes of the past dynasties said and did, but what they did. The foundation of the old man's learning lies in one word: true! ”

"The truth of the details, the truth of the general trend, Confucianism is saying, the law is doing, the old man doesn't care, burying his head in only looking for this truth!"

These words made Li Xian sigh with emotion, this is the great historical view of later generations. This is the direction of the study of history in later generations, throwing away the official history, using fragmentary empirical evidence, touching one side from one point, and then comparing it with the official history, which is an anatomical idea.

I really didn't expect that I would hear such a thing in 1712.

I really didn't expect that this old man was also a backwater......

Li Xian looked at Duan Hong with a complicated expression, and wanted to continue to delve into this topic, but hesitated for a moment, but gave up again. At this old man's age, it is normal to still have nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty, with some scratches between the words, and a few casual criticisms, you can understand, but you really can't be confused with anti-water, your own thoughts, it's better to hide carefully.

As if he also realized that he had spoken deeply, Duan Hongshi stopped, kept silent, and the sound of the piano slowly sounded again.

After being silent for a while, Li Xi spoke again.

"Then teacher, how should you use this real word to see the situation?"

Duan Hongshi smiled.

"You have asked the truth, and the things that the old man wants to teach you are all contained in this question."

He raised his hand and raised three fingers.

"Actually, it's just three words, people, money, and army!"

Li Xian's heart beat faster, do you really want to say rebellion? Is it going to talk about "building high walls, accumulating grain, and slowing down the king" or something?

"Taking the county magistrate Li as an example, what are the three most important things for him? Money and food! Punishment! Tranquility! ”

Duan Hongshi spoke with a look on his face, shattering Li Shi's delusions.

"Money and grain are wealth, and wealth is exchanged for all things, and it is difficult to move an inch without wealth. The criminal name corresponds to the person, the upper and lower strokes, and the hearts of the people. The army should be quiet, otherwise the wealth will not be spared, and the people will not look back. If you look at the details according to these three points, you can get a glimpse of the true momentum. The small trend converges with the big trend, and in the end, the potential of this place can be clearly understood. ”

Lao Xiucai's imperial technique is naturally not so simple, this is just a general rule, and Li Xian only vaguely comprehends.

But then he realized a big problem.

"Teacher, I'...... What's the use of learning? ”

Duan Hongshi also froze for a moment, and then his face flushed and became angry.

"You idiot! In the past two months, you have been able to turn evil into good fortune and rectify Zhong Shangwei and Yang Chun repeatedly, isn't it just taking advantage of the situation? It's a pity that you are just ignorant and not conscious. If you can perceive the future, why do you need to shrink back like this, just waiting for others to bully you? What do you want to do......"

Duan Hongshi took a deep breath: "Take advantage of the situation and make your own achievements!" ”

Li Shi rubbed his head, he had already been stuffed with a mess by this old man, and he hadn't had time to digest it, he really didn't understand such a simple truth.

Duan Hongshi then said in a deep voice: "The old man's imperial technique is what he is talking about...... My heart is the emperor! ”

Boom......

The strings of the maid in the distance were broken, and Li Xian's forehead was sweating slightly.

"Is the teacher's surname Huang?"

Li Xian asked boldly, his thinking was so advanced, his courage was so obvious, he almost suspected that it was Mr. Huang Renyu and Mr. Huang who came through.

"You dare to forget the old man's name!? As for what Huang, the old man was indeed taught by Mr. Lizhou, but unfortunately, he was not listed in the door wall. ”

Duan Hongshi was looking for things everywhere, as if he wanted to knock Li Shi's head.

"The disciple is talking about another yellow ......"

Yo, did you learn from Huang Zongxi? Li Shi persevered and continued to verify, Duan Hongshi was stunned, his face twisted, and then there was a rapid cough.

Well, Mr. Huang had passed away a long time ago in that era, thinking about Huang Zongxi's generation, they were extremely open-minded, and they could barely be justified in teaching such a rebellious disciple.

Li Shi gave up the recourse, but he was slightly excited in his heart, so he could barely be regarded as Huang Zongxi's apprentice? Although he is only an outer disciple......

"That's it for now, seeing that you still have a Wu surname, the old man barely rated you as passing, and the future knowledge will be slowly taught to you."

Duan Hongshi began to drive people away, Li Xian nodded dumbly, today's harvest is heavy, but it is not clear what he has gotten all of a sudden......

Just as he was about to leave, tasting Duan Hong's words, Li Xian's heart suddenly seemed to open a window.

The way of Confucianism lies in keeping oneness and keeping quiet......

Wealth for all things......

Wealth for all things......

His heart shook, and Li Xi asked again: "Teacher, you said that you can see the potential with the instrument, so is it feasible to use the instrument to generate potential?" ”

Duan Hongshi's eyebrows furrowed, looking very surprised: "That's ...... Something that could have been taught to you a long time later......"

Li Xian smiled, and his mind flashed back to Xiao Sheng's words that scolded him for stirring up.

As if talking to himself, and as if asking, Li Shi said in a low voice: "So golden...... Is it considered a tool for vitality? ”

Duan Hongshi spit out two words: "Nonsense!" ”

Li Xian smiled even more, and said something that Lao Xiucai couldn't understand at all: "The molten iron needs to be stirred to become steel, the molten glass must be stirred to avoid bubbles, and the sauce jar has to be turned into running water, so it has to be stirred......

He suddenly bowed deeply to Duan Hongshi: "I understand, thank you for the teacher's teachings!" I'm going to be this...... No, stir up history! ”

Li Shi almost laughed and left, and Duan Hongshi looked at his figure with a dull expression.

"Uncle, it seems that your preparation in the past two months has not overwhelmed your disciple after all."

The soft white figure stood behind Duan Hongshi, and his words were as soft as the early autumn breeze.

"What does this kid understand?"

Duan Hongshi tugged at his beard and struggled for a while, as if he had figured it out, his eyebrows stretched, and he laughed lowly.

"With such an apprentice, what a regret in this life."

[1: In the early Qing Dynasty, there was the so-called "Jiangnan Sale Case", in which the Qing court pursued the local arrears of money and grain, and the gentry were not spared, affecting 1,924 squires and 15,048 students. Among them, Tanhua Ye Fang Ai was also recovered because he owed a penny, which made the folk have a saying that "Tanhua is not worth a penny". 】

[2: In the Ming Dynasty, the ministers, households, and eunuchs all sold officials, but that was not the official system of the imperial court, it was only regarded as corruption, and the money could not be collected from the treasury. Like the Manchu Qing Dynasty, a comprehensive and systematic selling of officials, which was rare in previous dynasties, and was separated due to vacancies, this selling of officials was essentially a disguised tax system of the Qing Dynasty. 】