Industrialization, recently Liu Che has been thinking, how to achieve industrialization in the Han Empire? The performance of industrialization is not only the progress of technology, but also the progress of production mode. Just as Liu Che has developed quite advanced technologies such as glass, coke, papermaking, printing, and iron smelting, it cannot be called industrialization at all, because it is still only a primitive handicraft workshop production model. Liu Che felt that he had to find a breakthrough and use the most basic industrial production model to manufacture products.

In addition to the distress, Liu Che is very glad that he had a double master's degree in mechanical engineering and chemical engineering in his previous life, which gave him the most basic but relatively comprehensive industrial knowledge. The two most important signs of industrial development are machinery and chemicals. Since various technologies cannot keep up, the steam engine cannot be considered for the time being, but the chemical industry can now begin to develop. Liu Che is quite aware of the development process of modern chemical industry, and the most important task is to produce sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid due to its strong acid quality of sufficient surname and variety of surnames (strong enough strong acid surname, as well as strong water absorption, dehydration and oxidation surname, as well as high boiling point of difficult volatile surname and thermal stability surname, etc.), involved in a variety of industrial and agricultural manufacturing products and scientific experiments, because of its wide range of uses and important surnames, sulfuric acid is known as the "mother of chemicals" and "the king of acids"!

Liu Che, who has been taught many times, did not delusional again to be in place in one step. In later generations, methods such as oil fractionation and heating of sulfur-containing ores were simply impossible. What kind of oil fractionation column can be built? Building a complete set of petroleum fractionation equipment requires a hundred times more difficult technology than building a steam engine. As for heating sulphur-bearing ores, even if enough catalysts are found, it is necessary to continuously inject excess oxygen into the sealing equipment, which is not something that can be done by a rudimentary blower equipment. There are only two possibilities for forced inflation: one is that the reactor leaks and all the people are poisoned; One is the explosion of the reactor, everyone is killed, and in terms of the result, there is no difference.

In the library in his mind, Liu Che found the "Stone Refining Gut Extraction Method" recorded in the "Yellow Emperor's Nine Ding Shendan Sutra Recipe Volume 9" in the early years of the Tang Dynasty:

"Make two square-headed furnaces with clay (i.e., bricks), two feet apart, and the fine mud on the surface and inside of each other, and open a hole next to it, and also mud on the surface and inside, so that the fine smoke and dryness. A copper plate is placed in a furnace, which is fixed, that is, dense mud; A furnace burns stone gall with carbon to make smoke, and the essence of it is all into the copper plate. But the fire in the furnace is cold, and it is open and appointed. Into ten thousand medicines, the medicine is God. ”

What is said here is the use of bile alum heating and decomposition to generate copper oxide, sulfur trioxide and water vapor, and the white smoke of sulfur trioxide and water vapor is fanned into another furnace and condensed into sulfuric acid. Here the fine mud is used to prevent corrosion and avoid the loss of "gall essence", and the copper plate is used because copper can resist the corrosion of dilute sulfuric acid. This passage accurately records the devices, methods, phenomena, and anti-sulfuric acid corrosion measures of the ancients for dry distillation of bile alum.

Of course, Liu Che, as a master of chemical engineering who has been crammed and educated by the gardeners of New China for more than 20 years, would be too sorry for the name of the crossing if he still completely followed this ancient method and did not make the slightest improvement. Not only that, the production process of sulfuric acid should also follow the general mode of industrial production as much as possible, with as little manpower as possible, to form a recyclable continuous production mode.

Liu Che spent half a month thinking, and even ordered someone to find various materials, did many experiments with his own hands, constantly improved his ideas, and finally sorted out a relatively complete industrial design plan.

The first thing to solve is the copper condensation tablet, I saw in the YY novels in the library before, the male protagonists are making condenser tubes, and some of them are made quickly, Liu Che felt very speechless. There are only two situations when using these condenser tubes: first, when small batches are made, more than half of the sulfur trioxide gas cannot be dissolved in time and escapes into the air, forming a huge waste; The second is to make it in large quantities, and a large amount of sulfur trioxide gas escaping into the air will poison all the authors.

How can the condensation and dissolution rate of high-temperature and high-speed sulfur trioxide gas flow be so fast? It is even more difficult to make copper pipes into slender and curved condenser tubes, and it was not until the end of the twentieth century that New China reached the production process of condenser tubes behind refrigerators. If he really wanted to be able to make copper condenser tubes, Liu Che would have made a lot of muskets a long time ago and conquered the world.

Bronze and brass alloys cannot be used as condensation sheets, lest the purity of sulfuric acid made is too low, and the condensate sheets are also easy to be corroded, so pure copper with a copper content close to 100% must be found. In the Han Dynasty, pure copper smelted from sulfide or oxide copper ore could be used to mint coins and make utensils, so it was called "red gold". In the "Praise of the Copper Sword" of Liang Jiangyan of the Southern Dynasty in later generations, there is: "Black gold is iron, red gold is copper, and gold is gold." Of course, pure copper is easy to oxidize and not easy to preserve, so this is what the saying goes.

When Liu Che ran to the Shaofu Money Prison to take away the estimated cubic meter of red gold, Chen Yu, the secretary of the Shaofu who rushed to hear the news, grabbed his sleeve and held on to him, threatening to crash to death on the gate of the inner library. This red gold is enough to mint tens of millions of coins, although the Han Dynasty did not have a systematic theory of currency circulation, but even with experience alone, Chen Yu knew that if he minted less than 10 million coins this year, the coin circulation in Chang'an City would definitely have a big problem. It wasn't until Liu Che swore that he would ensure that the money supply of Chang'an City was sufficient this year, that Chen Yu let the subordinates of the Prince Zhan Shifu carry and load the car with a sad face.

One cubic meter of red gold can be about ten tons. Liu Che stubbornly found dozens of big cars, and only finished the surname at one time, so as not to have many dreams at night, and Chen Yu would be in trouble once he repented. Shaofu is the emperor's private treasury, and the surname of the treasury is completely different, Chen Yu is equivalent to the great housekeeper of the entire imperial family, the old minister who has gone through three dynasties, Emperor Jing usually gives him three points. If he didn't agree, Liu Chexiu wanted to remove anything from the inner library.

Chen Yu's nightmare did not end, and in the next few days, Liu Che not only kept himself busy, but also made the entire Shaofu a mess.

He first sent someone to transport the red copper to Zhuye Prison, made an enlarged version of the drawing according to the appearance of the CPU heat sink, and asked the craftsmen of the Prince Zhan Shifu to guide them to break the poured pure copper sheet into a similar shape as much as possible. The copper sheet should not be too thin, otherwise it will be completely corroded away soon after oxidation.

Next, Liu Che ran to the pottery kiln again, and just as he was about to speak, the young eunuch Chen Yang was so frightened that he knelt on the ground and begged for mercy. Last time, when Liu Che was firing coke in the pottery kiln, he caused a false alarm in Chang'an City, and almost scared Chen Yang, who was in charge of Shaofu ceramics, to death. Now that he has encountered this little ancestor to make trouble, he even has the heart to die.

Fortunately, Liu Che didn't plan to do it himself this time, but threw him a drawing, limiting him to hand in 1,000 "L" shaped pottery pipes that fit the size within half a month. The two ends of this kind of pottery pipe are designed with external and internal threads respectively, and Chen Yang is confused. Fortunately, the prince brought a few knowledgeable craftsmen, and also took a carved piece of wood as a physical reference, which allowed Chen Yang to fully understand.

Chen Yang sent Liu Che away like a plague god, and immediately found all the craftsmen of the pottery kiln, and under the guidance of the craftsmen brought by the prince, he studied the drawings for a whole day. Only then did all the idle pottery kilns in Shaofu start, and the pottery pipes were made according to the standard of 3,000. Even if the supply of pottery for the nobles in Miyagi is temporarily reduced, the little ancestor must be served first.

Liu Che handed Zhang Qian a set of factory design drawings and instructed him to find someone from Tian's Construction Company to circle a large piece of land in Shaofu and establish a new workshop in strict accordance with the drawings. A large pool of tiles was built in the workshop, which was connected to a wide canal outside the workshop, forming a small water cycle. All the canals are paved with tiles on thick blue bricks and stones, and the workshop is far away from the outside water source. After all, Liu Che didn't want an accident where chemicals spilled and polluted the water source, and now that there was no waterworks, polluting the nearby water source was murdering himself.

In the end, Liu Che arrogantly occupied an old-style smelting workshop and ordered them to make sealable reactors according to the corresponding specifications. Because it is a heating reaction, there is no need to worry too much about the sulfuric acid generated in the reactor, so the brass material is used, which is both stronger than pure copper and more corrosion-resistant than bronze.

(Brothers, I'm sorry, I updated it an hour late, this chapter is really hard to write, huhu)

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