Chapter 276: Pangu

From the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1910 to 1935, under the long-term promotion of the Imperial 1540 Education Plan, Imperial Education has more than 7,400 junior colleges and 415 colleges of higher learning, training 1.8 million college graduates and 160,000 college students every year.

By 1935, the empire had introduced more than 7.8 million foreign nationals from overseas through skilled immigration and international public area programs, of which foreign middle and senior technicians, engineers, scientific researchers, scholars, doctors, scientists, and faculty members accounted for about 14% of the total, and more than 15,500 internationally renowned scientists and engineering experts were only qualified to be included in the jurisdiction of the General Administration of Foreign Experts.

It is with this foundation that China was able to replicate Germany's miracle before World War I in the 30s of the 20th century, and quickly became a world science and technology power through political axe support and enterprise-led scientific and technological research, from 1933 to 1935, Chinese scientists and scientific research institutions won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine. The Tesla Jazz Science Award is also regarded as the highest international award in applied science, which represents the highest honor.

Before 1928, the empire's scientific and technological research was mainly catching up with the European and American powers, and from 1930 onwards, the empire's scientific and technological research was almost at a higher level, from 1925 to 1935 in the decade, the empire has been the world's largest country in scientific research expenditure, especially in the Great Depression from 1929 to 1933, the empire's scientific research investment accounted for almost more than 80% of the world's investment, these five years are also the empire and Britain, the United States, Germany and France and other countries gap, A critical period for it to become the world's most powerful country in the field of science and technology.

However, this leading position is still in a relatively weak situation, in order to catch up with the gap, after the economic recovery, Britain, the United States, Germany, the Soviet Union, France and other countries have increased investment in scientific and technological research and development, especially the United States, Germany and the Soviet Union, the scale of investment is unprecedentedly strong, and the empire in order to maintain the weak leading edge in science and technology at this stage, but also continue to increase the scale of investment, in the scale of scientific and technological research and development capital investment still firmly occupies about 50% of the world's total, in the total number of scientific research personnel and the average level of education, The empire also occupies a leading position in the world.

Science and technology are the primary productive forces.

This simplest truth had been agreed upon throughout the Empire, and it was on this basis that, by the end of 1935, the Empire had completed two new technologies with a world caste revolution.

The first new technology was the wafer straight-drawing method for semiconductor materials, and since the establishment of Project 201, the empire has included this technology in its research scope, inviting the Polish scientist Jane, who discovered the characteristics of this industrial technology in 1915. Zyklarski came to China as the chief scientist of the China Semiconductor Industry Research Institute.

In the past 25 years, the empire has continuously invested in related research, coupled with reverse research, and gradually explored more efficient high-specification silicon, germanium and other more than 20 different semiconductor materials of wafer straight-pull process, and found a more special new generation of gallium arsenide, aluminum arsenide and other complex processes of semiconductor materials can only appear.

As this process technology enters the stage of industrial-scale production from the laboratory of the research institute, it means that the transistor research of the empire has entered a new stage, and the Central Computer Research Institute has also launched a new crystal computer development project on this basis, and the secret application of integrated circuits within the empire will also enter a new stage.

At the present stage, transistors and integrated circuits are still limited to military use, and they will play a huge role in promoting the special development of radar and computers in the imperial armament.

Judging from the development of the entire world's industrial history, China in the thirties of the twentieth century seized the last train of the second industrial revolution, leapt to become the world's industrial power by virtue of its population and resource advantages, and seized the early train of the world's third industrial revolution.

In the thirties of the twentieth century, photocopiers, fax machines, televisions, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, radars, sonars, turbojet engines, oil pump diesel engines, penicillin, penicillin, computers, color films, plastics, chemical fibers, glass fibers, credit cards, vertical and horizontal automatic telephone exchanges, nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers, missiles, transistors, ...... Everything that changes the history of mankind is born in this decade, matures in this decade, or begins in this decade.

The empire was fortunate in that during the Great Depression, it became the most economically powerful country in the world during the decade, and had the strongest scientific and technological research and development strength, taking the opportunity to open a certain gap with the European and American forces.

Among these new world industrial technologies, there are two very important industrial technologies in which the empire maintains an absolute leading position, and it is difficult for Europe and the United States to catch up in a short period of time, the first is the semiconductor industry, and the second is the nuclear industry.

The empire invested as long as 25 years in the crystal industry, and only completed the basic work of the entire semiconductor industry in the three national scientific research centers of the Central Computer Research Institute, the Northeast Electronics Research Institute, and the Jiangnan Electronics Research Institute, and spent hundreds of millions of yuan to complete the great revolution of the semiconductor industry from the era of invention of basic research to the era of mass production.

In the field of the nuclear industry, while both the United States and Germany were developing science and technology in this field, and the United States also built experimental graphite reactors during the same period, the empire built the first commercial heavy-water reactor nuclear power plant in Lake Achit in Mongolia.

After the completion of this nuclear power plant, the empire will have weapons-grade plutonium-239 to make six atomic bombs per year, and the empire's atomic bomb project has been formalized two schemes, the first plan is a plutonium bomb, the second plan is a uranium bomb, because the plutonium bomb has a reference design and some samples, the first plan is the fastest progress, and the first nuclear explosion test is expected to be carried out in the second half of 1936, and the relevant experimental site is already under construction.

One of the distinctive characteristics of the empire's science and technology is that it has invested a large scale in key areas, and its advantages are relatively more obvious, and the six fields of nuclear, electronics, metallurgy, heavy machine tools, electrical, and aviation are the areas where the empire pursues a leading position in an all-round way, while the leading edge in the fields of basic industry and other industries is not large, and there are even some deficiencies compared with Britain, France, the United States, and Germany.

…… In 1936, no matter how many possibilities there were before and how many hopes the emperor himself had, Gu Weijun still indisputably defeated Chen Qimei, Ouyang Xi, Yang Zhaolin, and Wang Zhaoming in the party, and became the prime minister nominated by the Guangfu Party.

Since then, Gu Weijun has officially become the sixth prime minister of the central cabinet of the empire, and he seems destined to become the most famous prime minister in the history of the Chinese empire.

In February 1936, in the second naval treaty negotiations held in London, in order to ensure that China could continue to sign the treaty, Britain and the United States agreed to give China the same standards as the British and American naval treaties, while the original treaty standards were maintained.

China, which was also unwilling to be bound by the treaty, announced its withdrawal, and after the withdrawal of China and Italy, Britain, the United States and France could not reach a meaningful naval treaty.

Since then, the Washington Naval Treaty has come to an end, and so has the world's naval pretensions.

In mid-March, shortly after withdrawing from the treaty, China's Ministry of National Defense announced a new plan for the construction of the Central Navy, formally proposing to build four Dongfang Emperor-class high-speed battleships within four years, calling them "the world's ultimate battleships" with a design standard displacement of 50,000 tons, and secretly planning to build four Yamato-class battleships in order to maintain absolute superiority over the Chinese navy.

In fact, the design displacement of the Emperor-class high-speed battleship is only 48,500 tons, and the real construction plan is only two, the first is the Eastern Emperor, referred to as the Oriental, and the second is the Chinese Emperor, referred to as the Zhonghua, as for the third Far East and the fourth Shenzhou, they are purely fictitious, and there will only be detailed and realistic intelligence records such as numbers and appropriations for this reference.

Buried under the world's battleship construction program, which has a great aggression and symbolic meaning in this class, the Imperial Navy will really develop a new generation of Northwest-class aircraft carriers, which will have a sliding deck for the first time.

It's not that the empire can't build a steam catapult, but in terms of the specifications of the 50,000-ton aircraft carrier, the empire still thinks that the steam catapult device has too much power loss to the boiler, and it is too difficult to maintain high-speed navigation at the same time, and it is too difficult to ensure the steam catapult.

Song Biao's opinion is the same, unless a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is adopted, the steam power is almost unlimited and there is no obstacle, otherwise at the level of a 50,000-ton aircraft carrier, the simple structure of the sliding deck is not only cheap, but also more reliable.

But on the two North China-class aircraft carriers, which were expected to be built on a small scale in 1940, the empire would still install the latest models of steam catapults to accumulate naval experience in this field.

After China withdrew from the "Washington Naval Treaty" one after another, the shipbuilding plans of both sides in 1936 were very crazy, and it was already a very obvious naval competition, saying that the navy should not only build four Yamato-class battleships, but also build eight heavy cruisers and two aircraft carriers, while the empire would build two more emperor-class battleships, four Northeast-class aircraft carriers, and two Northwest-class aircraft carriers, and build a large number of escort cruisers and destroyers around the huge aircraft carrier group.

One step ahead is genius, and too much lead is suicide.

The empire has been honing on the aircraft carrier-centric theory for seven years, and it is only at this time that the time is extremely ripe, but no one dares to guarantee that such a major change in strategy will be successful, so the emperor-class battleship is an important supplement, the appropriation should still be allocated, the technical demonstration should be continued, and the battleships of the next level still have to continue to invest energy and funds in research, if it is found that it is not right, the empire will still adjust its strategy at any time to re-examine the construction of battleships.

There is no military emergency, a country like Ben can gamble, and a world power like the Chinese Empire cannot gamble on the fortunes of the country, everything must be absolutely safe, Song Biao cannot firmly say to the navy, "You can rest assured, the future will definitely belong to the aircraft carrier" Such words, as long as the admiralty retains not a lot of technical manpower and funds for the pre-research of battleships, so much that it will affect the rapid development of the entire navy to the aircraft carrier center, Song Biao will not interfere with the Navy General Staff Headquarters' filing plan just in case.

In fact, it was not the aircraft carrier itself, nor the more advanced carrier-based aircraft, that really made the battleship stare in the coffin, but the two killer weapons of the era, radar and new torpedoes.

Large carrier-based radars can detect the opponent's battleships dozens of nautical miles away, whether day or night, and the speed of the aircraft carrier is fast, which means that the aircraft carrier is in a special position in the duel with the battleship, and can not run, the speed of the aircraft is always faster than the battleship, and the range of the battleship's shells cannot exceed a distance of nearly 100 kilometers.

Aircraft carriers can attack opponents outside the range of battleships, even if the battleship can defeat dozens of dive torpedo bombers with its own air defense, but as long as one torpedo is hit, the victory and defeat of both sides have already been divided.

It's not a fair matchup at all.

Radar and reconnaissance planes make it impossible for battleships in the vast sea to hide, and it is always easy for an aircraft carrier to attack a battleship in the surrounding seas.

It's just that the Chinese Navy will definitely fight in the coastal area, and in this case, the battleships still have a lot of room to play, and it is not the correct strategy to not build battleships at all.

But then again, although the central government of the empire is a tax cut and deficit, 5% of the central fiscal revenue is spent on the navy, and 585 million yuan is still used, and 1/3 of the fiscal revenue is used for the navy, but it is only 530 million yuan.

The empire has always been in the dark, and in addition, it has sold the central government's investment assets through other means, and continues to subsidize the navy with another 200 million yuan every year in the name of special military spending, which can completely crush the navy to death.

Of course, the navy is well aware that China's announced naval expenditures do not match the actual situation, and it is difficult to determine the specific strength of the Chinese navy at the present stage, but although the main battleships still have an advantage, they are no longer an overwhelming advantage, and the army and air force are weaker to China in an all-round way, so they can only wait for an opportunity.

After the Nazi Party came to power, the secret cooperation between the Soviet Union and Germany had been interrupted, and the Soviet Union immediately filled the vacancy in Germany and continued to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the study of secret weapons and equipment.

At that time, in 1936, Song Biao had to go all out to start secretly preparing for the war.

It's just that in such a year, who can know exactly which country and which country the future war will take place? The whole world situation was in chaos, more complicated than Song Biao could have expected, the strength of the empire was too strong to contain the Soviet Union, and the empire also had a special restraining force on Germany through the Sino-French alliance.

The Empire's fleet in the Indian Ocean had ready access to the Mediterranean, where it could attack Italy at any time.

This chaotic situation has left all the world's politicians unable to see the specific context, and no one can say exactly how the world will change.

It was in this most chaotic year that the chaos of the whole world suddenly became clear: the Spanish Civil War, which the Empire had been guarding against.

The Spanish Civil War was not avoided, and there have been many opinions about it, but one thing is undeniable: it actually kicked off World War II.

With the support of the Soviet Union, Spain's coalition of left-wing parties won the election and had the opportunity to form the Second Spanish Republic, and then under the pressure of the Soviet Union, it could not wait to implement ultra-left policies, leading to a military coup d'état promoted by right-wing and fascist organizations.

In order to control the intelligence and situation, Lieutenant General Zhang Jun, the head of the Central Military Intelligence Department of the Reich, personally arrived in Tunisia, the center of China's intelligence agency in the Mediterranean, and mobilized the fleet and transport aircraft under the control of the Central Military Department here to transport supplies to Spain on the other side of the Mediterranean. Franco's Spanish North African colonial forces were sent to the British-occupied Gibraltar.

Prior to this, Zhang Jun had been in a relationship with Francisco. Franco agreed that if the Reich supported the Spanish Falangists and his personal seizure of power in Spain, General Franco would promise to distance himself from Germany and Italy and maintain closer cooperation with China.

It was under these circumstances that the Spanish right-wing youth army led by Franco, together with the German-Italian and Soviet-backed military forces, both read and opened, and in the early days together with other right-wing forces to eliminate the Soviet international column and the Spanish Republican Army, and then turned their guns to eliminate other right-wing organizations.

This means that all hypocritical relations between China and the Soviet Union and Germany will come to an end.

But for China, all of this is becoming irrelevant.

At the time of the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the development of the atomic bomb for the Reich was gradually coming to an end.

Since 1935, the Central Military Department and the Inner Court have comprehensively strengthened their support for nuclear weapons projects, after all, the empire has an innate advantage in the development of nuclear weapons, and the first series of general-purpose transistor computers of the Central Computer Research Institute has been completed ahead of schedule, which has played a very key role in promoting the development of nuclear weapons for the empire, greatly reducing the manpower and time required for various related computing work.

After all, there is still a special advantage, especially in the reverse study of the originals, and this special huge advantage allows the empire to neither take detours like Germany, nor to invest all manpower and material resources like the United States, and even the theoretical work in the early stage has been saved.

For the Empire, after all, it is directly imitated on the basis of several miniaturized atomic weapons, and there is a lack of a large number of operational data on nuclear weapons, what will be the explosive power of the two nuclear weapons in this batch, there is no exact estimate yet, it is expected to be above 10,000 tons of TNT, and it may also reach the level of 20,000 tons.

In any case, in the heart of the Badain Jaran Desert in the northwest of the empire, the empire's first atomic bomb "Pangu" and the second reserve bomb "Red Crow" are ready, both plutonium bombs, and the uranium bomb development plan has some slight difficulties, but it is still not possible to successfully conquer this year.

As long as one of the two atomic bombs explodes smoothly and the data is tested, the empire will officially become a higher-level country, and no matter what kind of war will break out in the world in the future, the empire can become the only victorious country.

(To be continued)