Chapter 275: It's a complete mess
Song Biao is still full of vigilance about the 23.25 percent increase in the value of the Chinese dollar, even if it is beneficial to China's economic development in the long run, and he not only supports Gu Weijun in promoting a unified opinion at home and abroad on this matter as interim premier, but also sternly urges the central cabinet and the National Assembly to introduce a series of policies and regulations to formulate a large tax reduction policy for the mining and agriculture industries that have been greatly affected, raise import tariffs on domestic basic industrial products, and at the same time take advantage of the opportunity of Britain and the United States to increase their holdings of national bonds. In the country, the comprehensive construction of rural power grids and township power grids has been promoted ahead of schedule, and the "National Science and Technology Industry Preferential Treatment Act" has been promulgated to increase support for education, scientific research and high-tech enterprises.
During the Shanghai Conference, Song Biao changed the practice of gradually reducing the number of training and administration meetings in previous years, presided over the central training and government meetings every week, stepped up his efforts to demand that the central cabinet pay attention to this series of issues, and at the same time made a comprehensive adjustment to the country's Sixth Five-Year Plan, accelerated the promotion of the national electrical industrial revolution ahead of schedule, and continued to increase the promotion of small hydropower and irrigation projects throughout the country.
In addition, Song Biao also temporarily adjusted the Lushan Summer Palace Conference in 1935, and summoned representatives of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, the World Chinese Entrepreneurs Association, the China Entrepreneurs Association, and other institutions and major domestic famous entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized entrepreneurs to the Lushan Summer Palace, encouraging entrepreneurs to adjust the direction of industrial investment, increase investment in the basic industry, industrial and mining industries, and agricultural product processing industries of the member countries of the Asian Union, and increase investment in foreign infrastructure projects, so as to facilitate the simultaneous expansion of domestic industrial export demand.
In the past, because of the undervaluation of the exchange rate, the domestic mineral industry resources and agricultural products and other commodity prices are relatively low compared to the international market, the labor cost is low, the average profit margin of these industries is high, the central government axe can levy higher business taxes, with the increase in currency value, the increase in costs, in order to maintain the normal operation of these industries, the central government must introduce laws and regulations to drastically reduce the relevant taxes.
Gu Weijun's interim cabinet has done a very right thing, but it is also a very difficult thing, and it may make Gu Weijun lose his post as prime minister.
…… Throughout 1935, the Chinese Empire was in this special economic situation of rising exchange rates, because the tax reduction policy and the increase in central fiscal expenditure again kept the economy relatively stable growth, and the scale of international capital influx and domestic capital investment abroad was enlarged.
With the decline in the price of basic raw materials, the decline in the profits of mining and basic industries, under the principle of free economy, the investment of corporate consortiums began to flock to higher levels of industrial fields, as China and Europe and the United States re-concluded the free trade agreement under the convention of the Shanghai World Trade Association, the signatories of the convention have successively banned the policy of protecting the surname of high tariffs implemented during the Great Depression, China's industrial exports to Europe and the United States will also resume, and it is possible to create new peaks, especially in the electrical, Electronics, aviation, metallurgy, machine tools and other fields will also play a greater role in promoting the long-term development of China's industry, and the empire's investment in science and technology in these fields will continue to grow steadily, and then the market will promote the progress of talents and education in related fields.
Of course, in 1935 there was no obvious big fluctuation, but at the macroeconomic level as a whole, this trend was already manifested, so in the long run, its impact on the Chinese economy was very favorable, which meant that the situation in the past where miners earned more than skilled workers, or even more than skilled engineers, would be greatly changed.
By the end of 1935, after the countries signed the "Shanghai WTO Convention", the World Free Trade Association headquartered in Shanghai will be responsible for the global member countries of GDP \m1\m2 statistics, according to this series of statistics, in 1934, China's GDP has accounted for 28.7% of the world, the United States is about 19.5%, it is expected that in 1937, China's GDP will account for more than 35% of the world's total, the total amount of more than 134 billion US dollars, about 218 billion yuan.
Many things are like this, and they really can't be reversed and exceeded, so we can only learn to accept the official communiqués and predictions of such formal international organizations, whether they are Britain, France, the United States, or Germany, all countries can only accept this cruel reality.
It was in this context that a new era of empire began.
…… Also in 1935, in the year of great changes in the imperial era, the army of the central military department of the empire officially entered the wave of comprehensive redress, coupled with the growth of military spending of the navy and air force, the central military expenditure increased by more than 700 million yuan, and the central government axe finance faced a large tax reduction policy and the expansion of central infrastructure expenditure, the imperial central government axe once again suffered a staggering fiscal deficit after 1929, although in the case of Britain and the United States and other countries and international capital greatly increased the holdings of Chinese yuan treasury bonds, In order to reduce the deficit, the central government decided to sell some of its trust assets in Europe and the United States through the four major central trust companies, most of which were purchased between 1929 and 1933 during the Great Depression.
Among them, only the China International Trust Corporation invested in the purchase of New Jersey Standard Oil shares in April 1930, and the merger of the two steel giants of Germany, Thyssen and Krupp in July 1931, with a total investment of only 23 million yuan, and the current international market valuation is more than 550 million yuan.
…… December 7, 1935.
Emperor Song convened a regular meeting of the Central National Defense Commission at the Central Military Headquarters.
Time flies.
From the regular staff meeting of the Northeast New Army that year, to the regular meeting of the General Staff Committee of the Central Military Department and the Central Military Commission, to today's regular meeting of the Standing Committee of the Central National Defense Commission, from the Northeast Army to the Chinese Revolutionary Army Committee yesterday, and then to today's Central Defense Force of the Chinese Empire, many heroes along the way are like the waves of the Yangtze River.
Generation after generation.
Of the 24 members of the Imperial National Defense Commission, only seven of them were of the same era as the emperor, and Jiang Yanxing officially retired from the army in April this year with the rank of army general.
Cai Ye was retransferred back to the military department, restored to his military post and the rank of army general, and was added to the Central National Defense Commission.
If there is another war, Fu Yisheng, Wei Lihuang, Pan Zhaoqin, Chen Houfu, Chen Jiliang, Huang Baitao, Bai Chongxi, Xue Yue, Liu Yazhao, Liu Jinggui, Guo Yuqian, and Xu Wei will be the ones who will really be responsible for provoking heavy responsibilities in the future...... This generation of middle and senior generals, such as Zhao Tingzhu, Chen Qicai, Zhang Xiaohuai, Zhang Yahu, Fu Liangzuo, Zhang Hongkui and other army generals, what they need to do is no longer charge into battle.
History has made famous generals.
At this time, Fu Yisheng did not get the opportunity to become a famous general defending the city, but in the Imperial Army, he still had a high reputation and was regarded as a general with extremely strict management of the army and strict command and scheduling.
Retirement is retirement, and retirement is also retirement, fame is fame after all.
Chen Qicai, Zhao Tingzhu, Zhang Xiaohuai, Zhang Yahu, and Fu Liangzuo have absolutely unshakable positions in the Central Military Department, and they are also the most vigorous promoters of the army's large-scale mechanization.
Little by little progress slowly accumulated, and by 1935, the empire had to carry out a comprehensive upgrade in the army's equipment, in order to save military spending to support the construction of the navy and air force, the army still retained many tanks from the First World War at this time.
In order to meet the new challenges, the Reich CSKA will be fully equipped with a new type of MBT33 tank from today, this type of tank is based on the MBT30 tank to continue to improve and improve, officially put into service in 1933, and the supporting infantry fighting vehicle is BV2, the T15 \ 18 \ 20 of the T series will be in service as the latest light, medium and heavy tanks in the past two years.
Because the Empire's MBT series tanks directly have the ability to replace the T18\20 medium and heavy tanks, the production capacity of these two types of tanks will not be too much, and the T152 tank with the level of light and medium tanks will be produced in larger quantities, and MBT33 and BV2 will form a large mechanized army.
The army's first-generation helicopter reconnaissance aircraft also began to enter the army during this period, but the number and scale were not large, and the helicopter at this time also lacked stable surname, just considering its military value, the Ministry of Defense has been supporting the Sikorsky Helicopter Design Institute under Northeast Heavy Industry to engage in research in this area, and support the long-term development of related industries in Shenyang.
Because helicopters, airships, and balloons are very few aircraft that the Army is allowed to own, and the restrictions on airships and balloons are too great, the Army is more enthusiastic about helicopters.
In the overall process of mechanization, the Reich mainly adopts simple and inexpensive methods such as military trucks, off-road vehicles, and towed artillery, mainly because of the large scale of the Reich's army, but in the most elite armored divisions and tank divisions, infantry fighting vehicles and self-propelled artillery are being greatly replaced, and the Reichswehr's light weapons are relatively kept at a suitable level, and the assault rifle M35 has been finalized for the first time, and has been tested in small service in different units of the four military regions.
The D-5 medium-range ballistic missile, which was officially installed by the Empire, was already the second-generation missile in China, and the D-10 medium- and long-range ballistic missile development program began in 1933. After the D-5 medium-range ballistic missile entered service, the empire began to officially and massively expand the number of army missile forces, increasing the number of medium-range ballistic missiles to 1,500 pieces.
Starting from the D-5, based on the imitation of the three-axis stabilization device and the hydrostatic air floating gyroscope, the empire has reduced the error of medium-range ballistic missiles to a range of 3,000 meters, and began to use integrated circuits on a small scale, but the cost is also high. In the case of gaps in large-scale manufacturing and purification processes, the cost of small-scale production and imitation of integrated circuits is very high, and it only makes sense to reduce the error at a high price as a chemical medium-range ballistic warhead.
The empire has always had this kind of small and fast running characteristics in military expenditures, with high research expenditures and relatively low equipment costs, and a large amount of expenditure has been invested in strengthening the research and development of various national defense technologies and new weapons, and the scale of service has been controlled within an acceptable range, and it has been continuously improved through actual service tests, and it will not be formally installed on a large scale until it is stabilized.
…… In the afternoon of this day, before the arrival of the emperor, all the members of the National Defense Committee had arrived at the highest conference room of the Central Military Department, and after Cai Ye regained the rank of general, it was the first time to attend a regular meeting.
After Jiang Fangzhen and Zhao Tingzhu shook hands with Cai Jie, they were all quite emotional, their group of generals are still in the army today, and they are the only ones left, Cai Ye has always been very smooth in the past, smooth sailing, and outstanding military achievements, but unfortunately he almost fell on the issue of cavalry removal.
Fortunately, the emperor still remembered the old days, punished for a few years and reinstated his rank.
In fact, everyone understands that although Cai Ye has been restored to the rank of army general, after all, he has no actual position and responsibility, and he has been leaving the army for five years, and the restoration of the military rank at this time can only be said to be the last honor.
It is precisely because of this mentality that when everyone shook hands with Cai Ye, they all had a sense of seeing him off.
Jiang Fangzhen has a lot of emotion, he and Cai Ye have always been good friends, with a deep friendship, and they have talked too much in private, so they don't say anything superfluous at the moment.
At this time, Lieutenant General Chen Jiayou walked in quickly, and the members of the National Defense Committee signaled that the emperor had arrived, and everyone hurriedly got up to greet them, and soon after, Song Biao, who was dressed in military uniform, walked into the conference room.
Seeing Cai Yi, Song Biao bowed his head slightly, and didn't say anything.
Even if all the generals present are generals and lieutenant generals, they should salute at the same time, Song Biaocai walked to the chair of the conference table in the salute of the generals, took off the black deerskin gloves and put them aside after sitting down, and opened the agenda minutes of this regular meeting and glanced at it, which and ordered everyone: "Sit down!" ”
Hearing this, everyone sat down collectively.
In 1935, China was not chaotic, but it was also very good, and the appreciation of the Chinese yuan brought a clear feeling to the country that the currency was more valuable, commodity prices had declined, while aggregate consumption maintained a growth trend, real estate and securities investment began to heat up again, and land prices in many coastal cities rose by 30% in one year.
More or less, China was still a bit chaotic this year.
Because it has surpassed Britain and the United States to become the world's largest economic power, the people are also impetuous, and the army is also impetuous.
In particular, the creation of the Asian League has finally given the army a reason to comprehensively renew its equipment, and the General Staff of the Central Army has put forward a "Charter for the Lease of Military Equipment of the Asian Cooperation Alliance", that is, the Imperial Central Army will lease the old equipment to the allies at a low price while replacing the equipment, so as to help the allies improve their military strength.
According to the statute of the Central Defense Committee, the army could not be equipped with fixed-wing aircraft, and the airborne division units were assigned to the air force, so after the advent of the new weapon of the helicopter, the army staff was more enthusiastic about this new weapon than the other two armies, and from 1933 it passed the approval of the Russian-born engineer Iger . Sikorsky's proposal was to give him special funding to form Sikorsky Aviation to develop helicopters that could be used in military armament.
Because the new aircraft adopted a spiral-wing design, and the army could not be equipped with fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter was originally called a propeller-wing aircraft in China, and the military service number was also set as the L series.
Although the Army General Staff was still very dissatisfied with the two helicopters launched by Sikorsky and Jiangnan Fudao, it still gave active support to this, and even purchased 60 helicopters for each of the two helicopters as support.
Just before this regular meeting, Sikorsky Company of Northeast Heavy Industry Holdings launched a new L-300 helicopter, which has basically laid the structure and system of a modern helicopter, and uses a 170-horsepower aviation star engine.
The army staff was quite satisfied with this, and at this stage of the army's major renewal of equipment, an order for 600 aircraft was put forward at one time.
The empire is now very impetuous, spending money like water, as if the whole empire was incomparably rich overnight, and money should not be used.
Song Biao was particularly concerned about pulling out all kinds of new orders submitted by the navy, army and air force, and put them aside for separate processing, and then said to the National Defense Commissioners: "Since the value of the Chinese yuan has increased, the world thinks that China is rich, and our people themselves are also so confident. Premier Gu Weijun's efforts to push the value of the currency this time are, after all, conducive to the country's industrial upgrading, and conducive to the development of heavy industry and high-tech industry, but after all, the most employment is still light industry, mining and low value-added basic industries, so the central government must implement a new tax policy, take measures to reduce or reduce taxes for basic industries, and at the same time also have new support policies for agriculture and science and technology industries, coupled with the expansion of infrastructure spending by the central government, in fact, this year is the year with the most severe fiscal deficit in the history of the central government. ”
"On a global scale, with the expansion of the ultra-left and fascist ultra-right forces in the Soviet Union, the military and politics of the whole world are developing from stability to extreme instability, and it is obvious that war will be closer and closer to the world. In addition, since the establishment of the Asian League, our military has been more shouldered, so our army's military expenditure must also increase significantly in the past few years. ”
After talking about two basic situations, Song Biaocai concluded: "In order to maintain the stable development of the national economy and ensure the stable situation in the country, the central fiscal deficit must be expanded; In order to ensure the country's military support and deterrence in the current international environment, military spending must also be expanded, and these two expansions are the biggest difficulties we are facing at present. It is true that we can now borrow money to pay off the troops in arrears, but this is not a long-term solution, so while military spending must be expanded, we must also continue to carry forward the spirit and tradition of hard work, simplicity, and self-reliance in the past, and we must use every penny of military expenditure to the fullest, reduce extravagant and unnecessary expenditures as much as possible, and find ways to reduce expenditure as much as possible. ”
"Don't think I'm just saying a few words on the table, I'm talking to you about a very serious matter, and you have to put all your energy into it."
Song Biao's words were not very harsh, and even seemed very gentle, as if he was discussing with everyone present, speaking of this, he paused for a moment, and continued: "In fact, I think that in the past few years, there will probably be a very large-scale new war in the world, there will inevitably be a war between the ultra-left and the ultra-right ideological trends, and there will definitely be a war between the ultra-left, the extreme right and the normal liberal countries. Believe it or not, you have to be prepared for me, and from next year onwards, all work will revolve around this judgment. ”
Everyone was silent.
As a matter of fact, the members of the National Defense Committee present generally thought that the biggest thing at this regular meeting was to welcome General Cai Ye back to the military headquarters, and the second was to ask the emperor to approve the new plans of the three armies.
No one thought that the emperor would suddenly say such a thing, which made everyone feel a little surprised.
Song Biao did not continue, giving time for the generals to consider the problem carefully.
After waiting for a few minutes, Lieutenant General Zhang Jun, who was in charge of the Central Military Intelligence Department, continued the emperor's words and said: "Your Majesty, judging from some intelligence from Europe recently, we expect that there may be a military coup in Spain, and the current elected political axe in Spain is right-wing, but judging from expectations, Stalin has clearly ordered all far-left and left-wing organizations in Spain to run together with the Chengren Democratic Front to run, and it is expected that it is possible to win the election, and the right-wing and fascist organizations are very strong within the Spanish army, Some of the fascist backbone of the Spanish military are in close contact with Italy and Germany, and according to reliable sources, they are already seeking foreign aid, and the Soviet Union has clearly given more support to the Spanish Popular Front, even direct command, and Portugal and France are currently in power with a left-wing political axe, and in the event of a military coup, they are likely to support the Spanish elected political axe. Intelligence came from the USSR that they were trying to build a communist union in southern Europe. ”
Song Biao frowned, he actually hated the current French left-wing political axe, from the left-wing Republican Alp. Since Lebrun came to power, Sino-French relations have been regressing, and France and the Soviet Union have moved closer to each other because of the left-wing alliance, trying to recreate the situation of the Franco-Russian alliance era against Germany.
An alliance with the Soviet Union was not a bad thing, at least it would divide relations between the Soviet Union and Germany, but France's current policy was gradually destroying the basis of the Sino-French alliance and cooperation, and if it were not for the close cooperation between France and the French National Military Council as a whole continuing to maintain close cooperation with China, the cancellation of the alliance between China and France would be a very likely occurrence.
Song Biao thought about it for a while and said: "The current international community is like this, either in the direction of the extreme left, or in the direction of the extreme right, either the party such as the left-wing Popular Front is in power, or the fascist party is in power, in fact, once both sides come to power, they will immediately engage in ** politics." The lesser of the two powers, the Military Intelligence Department must especially intensify its activities in Spain during this period, and can contact right-wing organizations and promise them all possible support, on the condition that the other side must keep a distance from the German and Italian fascist organizations, and after the coup d'état, China will be the main ally. ”
Zhang Jun nodded silently yes.
Song Biao leaned back in his chair and closed his eyes in meditation, and his heart was also very struggling, and after thinking about it again, he continued to add: "The Ministry of Military Intelligence should warn France with a higher envoy that German fascism has threatened France's security and must strive for Spain as its backing, but it is absolutely undesirable to support the ultra-left forces in Spain. ”
Zhang Jun continued to pause, but felt embarrassed in his heart, because the current ruling party in France itself is a left-wing alliance, and its relationship with the Soviet Union is special and close, and within the alliance, China has repeatedly warned France not to lean too far to the left, which has actually led to the continuous regression of the Sino-French alliance in recent years.
Coupled with the repeated intensification of economic conflicts, the Sino-French alliance has also come to the brink to some extent, and now the only thing that can firmly bind the alliance between the two sides is the military institutions of the two countries, for a country full of insecurity like France, it can always pull the Chinese Empire, a giant empire, as an alliance, even if there are many internal contradictions, it is also the most reliable trump card at the bottom of the box, which can deter all enemy countries, and is also conducive to France maintaining the same status as Britain in Europe.
The current international situation is like this, the fierce contradictions between the extreme left and the extreme right are about to tear the world apart, and both sides are actively preparing for expansion in order to distinguish the winners and losers.
isms are a very complex thing.
The reason why Hitler wanted to attack the Soviet Union was that he firmly believed that the Soviet Union would eventually attack Germany, and this was the fundamental reason why the Soviet Union would never make concessions on class contradictions and doctrines, and would absolutely expand and attack the big bourgeois Nazi empire.
After 1933, the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union eased somewhat, but in the past two years, with the Soviet Union launching a purge at home and with the establishment of the Asian League, the Soviet Union's sense of insecurity and hostility has increased significantly, and it has also strengthened its infiltration and espionage activities in Central Asia.
The contradictions between China and the Soviet Union intensified, and I am afraid that there was only one issue left as a fuse.
The international world in 1935 was indeed too complicated, the contradictions between various countries were very intense, and the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union and between China and China were absolutely impossible to reconcile; the Soviet Union always proceeded from the standpoint of class theory and always firmly believed that China would eventually attack and vainly attempt to destroy the Soviet Union.
Objectively speaking, the contradictions between China and the United States, China and Germany, China and Britain, and China and France are also deeply rooted, and it is precisely because world politics are too complicated that there is no need for China to forcibly establish the Asian League and play games with other countries in its leading position in Asia.
The various contradictions between the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, Germany, France, and Italy are incomparably entangled, to the extent that it is impossible to sort them out.
The contradictions between the belligerents in World War I were very simple, that is, fighting for expansion, but the contradictions in World War II were too complicated, there were all kinds of problems, and it was difficult to determine which one was the main contradiction in the world, so the two sides maintained a state of dispersion and mutual hostility between multiple camps until the outbreak of the war.
With the addition of the Asian League, the international community is now in opposition between the four camps of Europe and the United States, the Soviet Union, fascism, and the Asian League, and it is completely more chaotic.
(To be continued)