After Zhang Chao began to implement the academic system of the Hope Academy, he immediately began to compile the textbooks about the Hope Academy. And this hope academy will form a chain of colleges in Zhang Chao's future plan, which is equivalent to academies all over the country. And each state is only one or three schools, and if a city in the future has only three elementary schools, it will really be a big laugh. But here, that's the way things go, not only is the population small, but the economic pressure is not small. Since this Hope Academy mainly comes from donations from businessmen from all over the world, don't expect to have many schools. If you want to open it all over the country, three primary schools in one city are also good. As for that middle school, that is, one for each province, that is, one for each province. However, according to the elimination rate planned by Zhang Chao, coupled with the fact that there is no nine-year compulsory education in this era, the number of students who can go to high school is only less than one-twentieth.

It's not that Zhang Chao doesn't want to do compulsory education, he can't wait to get a compulsory education tomorrow, so that the scholar clan will be finished in five years. However, the economic conditions do not allow it, and the current productive forces cannot meet the conditions of compulsory education, so this also makes it impossible for Zhang Chao to use the method of compulsory education to overthrow the scholars.

"The economic foundation is still a question of the economic foundation. And the foundation of the economic foundation is the productive forces, and if the productive forces cannot be increased, then I am afraid that the historical process will not be able to be carried out at all. It seems that I still have some difficulties, and it seems that I still have to find a way to promote the productive forces, and if I can't promote the productive forces, then it is impossible for me to develop the productive forces. Invent the waddling plow, or improve the farming tools, or go to the Americas to get a few sweet potatoes back? Bah! ”

Zhang Chao thought of a few ways to improve grain production in many travel novels, such as the invention of the Quyuan plow, which can be done. You can also improve your farming tools. As for going to the Americas to get sweet potatoes back. It's just a matter of thinking. If the development of productive forces were so simple, then mankind would have achieved a common goal long ago. Industrialism. Even if there are sweet potatoes, even if the productivity has increased a lot, it does not mean that these grains can be distributed to everyone. You must know that during the financial crisis of the 20th century, people around the world starved to death, but at the same time, a large number of supplies were destroyed. The capitalists would rather ruin it than give it to the poor. So expect to make sweet potatoes and then be in peace for a long time? This is impossible, because even if the sweet potatoes are made, the final result must be that the gentry will get a lot of food, and then the common people will still starve to death.

As for handing over sweet potatoes to the emperor and then letting the emperor distribute them to the people, this is simply extremely stupid. The greed of mankind is insatiable, and those who are rich and noble would rather make all the food moldy than give it to the people. And the emperor is no exception. Even if they had enough food, they would not give it to the people, especially those who were poor. Although a small number of wise emperors would do this, the vast majority of emperors were "stupid birds", preferring to leave the grain in the warehouse to force the people to rebel, rather than open a warehouse to release grain, and in the end it was those rats who were cheaper. The grain of the Sui Dynasty was not eaten until the end of the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, but the Sui Dynasty did not choose to open a warehouse to release grain to relieve the people. One can imagine how cruel and ruthless those emperors and officials were. In their eyes, the people are all cheap, and they have no food of their own. before their wealth and the lives of their people. They would rather starve the people to death and make their food moldy than take it out to save the people, even if there are only a small part. Therefore, the benefits are earned by oneself, not by the charity of others. Those who traveled to the Tang Dynasty and what sweet potatoes and improved farm tools, those could not solve the problem. If the education rate of the people is not high, then they will not be able to take the initiative to defend their interests. Even if they take out high-yield grain, in the end, the people are just barely able to eat and wear. So it's not interesting. If we want to make a real difference, we must popularize the education rate and let the people learn to fight for the benefits they deserve.

If the people are ignorant, then even if there is high-yield food, it will not be able to fall on the people. Therefore, Zhang Chao wants to realize the development of universal education. At the same time, however, it is necessary to develop the productive forces. However, the development of productive forces is only to lay the foundation for universal education, and the next thing that really depends on the people's own interests is to strive for their own interests, and only by striving for their own interests can they truly obtain benefits. If you expect those with vested interests to change on their own, then Zhang Chao can use the experience of a senior reformer to ensure that it is even more difficult to get those with vested interests to take the initiative to change. Vested interests can be transformed, that is, they can realize that the benefits of reform are greater than those who do not reform, and they can unite some vested interests who are willing to change, and they must also take the initiative to persuade them. However, without the persecution of external forces, no vested interest will take the initiative to choose to change, after all, people are inert, unless they are either forced to do so, or they see greater interests, and they will not change their habits for many years.

"Zhang Yushi, the incense is gone!" A woman's voice said.

Zhang Chao reacted at this time, and then said; "Miss Yulu, please help me change a stick of incense, I can also be regarded as a red sleeve fragrance!"

"You still call me Miss Yulu, so polite? I've known you for three years, and even many of us as couples have done what they should do and what they shouldn't do, and you're still so polite? Du Yulu asked.

In the past three years, Zhang Chao and Du Yulu have done a lot of things that only husband and wife do, but their relationship is very complicated. Although Du Yulu is currently following Zhang Chao, they have always been adults, and the other party is their partner, not husband and wife. In fact, although they have the intimacy that only husband and wife have, they don't have too many "true feelings". Although Zhang Chao often solves his physical needs on Du Yulu, he never admits that she is his wife, just his partner. They didn't go to the place where the marriage was registered in the Tang Dynasty, so strictly speaking, they were just cohabitation. However, after more than three years of getting along, they are all very familiar. And every night when Zhang Chao reads a book, Du Yulu helps him add incense and change the oil lamp. As for why not to use candles, it is because Zhang Chao can't afford to use them, the candles of this era are made of beeswax, and the price is extremely high, even the royal family cherishes it very much. Not everyone can afford it, and only when there is a grand ceremony or when there are distinguished guests, the emperor will use it. Even the emperor is so frugal, not to mention Zhang Chao, a seven-grade petty official. Therefore, the plots in the TV series where you can often see candles are clearly "crossing".

After Du Yulu changed a stick of incense, she immediately asked, "You just said the problem of productivity." Do you say that productivity is an important means of changing history? In the past three years, I have often watched you annotate history books, and I have read a lot. ”

"Oh? Did you catch anything? Zhang Chao asked rhetorically.

Du Yulu continued: "I don't understand it, but I just know that your argument is the reason for our change of dynasty, not the destiny of heaven, nor the hearts of the people, but the economy." And the core of the economic problem is productivity, and what I am most curious about is your annotation of the history books of the Xia, Shang and Zhou periods, which has benefited me a lot. ”

"Oh? What do you see? Zhang Chao asked.

Du Yulu replied: "I read your annotations. Do you think that the Xia, Shang and Zhou periods were the time when our Chinese history changed the most? From the time of the Yan and Huang Emperors, the power of the king at that time was Zen, not the current hereditary. And many Confucians believe that that that year was actually the best era, an era of selecting talents and promoting ability, and a prosperous era of antiquity. Since ancient times, many people have believed that the hereditary monarchy is a kind of regression, and it is not conducive to the world of Datong. And in your case, it is considered hereditary. It is a progress, an inevitable factor in the productivity that has reached a certain level. ”

Zhang Chao took the initiative to explain: "Yes. The period of the two emperors of Yan and Huang was actually the period when we human beings drank blood. At that time, in order to fight against the natural calamity beasts, human beings had to unite to fight together. And because of the lack of materials, everyone is troubled by this material, and everyone has to work together to distribute the materials, and then save the materials as much as possible. And they select the best leaders. to lead them against natural and man-made disasters. Therefore, this is the truth of the so-called selection of talents and talents, but it is just forced by the life of the times. ”

Many people in later generations are interested in the so-called co-ordination. It is impossible to distinguish between the industrialism and the Zen concession system of the primitive society. In fact, the two are very easy to distinguish, and the most important thing is the difference in productivity. In antiquity, productivity was poor. Human beings have a very poor ability to resist natural and man-made disasters when they are in the past, so it is natural for everyone to distribute food together, and then live together and unite to choose the best leader to lead everyone. The so-called "democracy" of that era was only forced by the environment, and it was not really an active expression of so-called power for oneself from one's own heart.

As for the altogether. In the era of industryism, the material was very developed and the productive forces were unprecedentedly increased. Even if you don't have to do much, you can survive. At that time, human beings only worked to realize the value of their own lives, not to survive. So this is the biggest difference, and the biggest difference between the two is in ordinary terms, that is, a poor scum, who has to distribute all the materials in a centralized manner and save as much as possible. And the latter one, because of the wealth flowing, everyone doesn't have to do things and is idle, and finally has to find something to do, so that he is not so idle and not so boring. This is the biggest difference between the two, so can this be the same?

"And then it became hereditary? How has this process evolved? Du Yulu asked.

Zhang Chao continued: "Next, that is, everyone's productivity has improved, from the era of slash-and-burn farming, where everyone has no surplus grain to the era of surplus grain. And at that time, everyone had a part of the surplus grain, so what should be done with this part of the surplus grain? If it were you nobles, how would you distribute the surplus? Will you distribute it to everyone? ”

Du Yulu shook her head, because Du Yulu knew that human beings were greedy, and after having this surplus food, they definitely wanted to take it for themselves, not distribute it to everyone.

"So, the next leaders of the past naturally want to take possession of this grain. And in order to allow their own generations to obtain the right to possess these grains, they also invented the hereditary system, and finally let their descendants enjoy this right to possess additional food. And then, naturally, violent apparatus was built, such as the army and the judiciary, and then ruled over those people, and many of them became slaves. Zhang Chao said.

Zhang Chao continued: "Next, because the productivity has been further improved, more advanced production tools have been manufactured, and then more food has been produced." Originally, those slave owners wanted to prevent slaves from destroying the tools of production. So just give the slave the simplest tools. And then when humanity advanced to the point where it was possible to produce more food with better tools, that was when slavery collapsed. At that time, a large amount of land produced rich food, and a large part of it was from the common people, and the educated elite was able to begin to fight for their own interests, and slavery gradually disappeared. And the one who achieved this progress. You should know who it is, right? There were two people who tried it. ”

"Shang Ying?" Du Yulu asked.

"That's right, it's Shang Ying, he changed the law in the Qin State, and finally completely liberated slavery, so that slavery was swept into the garbage heap of history. And the other person who tried it was the King of the Ring. Zhang Chao replied.

"The King?" Du Yulu suddenly felt very surprised, because this king has a very bad reputation.

Of course, Zhang Chao knows who the king is, and there is a novel called "The Romance of the Gods" in later generations that specifically belittles the king of the gods, but Zhang Chao knows that the king is definitely not a faint king. On the contrary, he is a reformer who is determined to reform and make society progress. The promotion of people from slaves to serve as officials was in high probability that slavery would be abolished. On the other hand, the Emperor also defeated the theocracy, eliminated the unity of church and state, and pushed mankind into a state form of separation of church and state, and completely defeated those gods. So, the king was actually a very good reformer, but he may have been born in a different era. If he could have been born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, he would definitely be a very good king. Maybe he can even rule the world and become a real "first emperor".

"King Su is a great man, but he was born in the wrong era. And Wang Mang is also a great man, and he was born at the wrong time. Both of them were great men, but they had overlooked some important things. And me. This kind of mistake will not be made. Zhang Chao said.

"What did they ignore?" Du Yulu asked immediately.

Zhang Chao smiled and said, "If you are willing to be my wife, then I can tell you!" ”

"Forget it, don't talk about it yet." Du Yulu said.

The two have been maintaining this kind of partnership, obviously with the idea of being a little wary of each other. As a politician, sometimes his spouse may not be his friend. It may even be the product of a political compromise of its own. Therefore, although Zhang Chao and Du Yulu are no longer husband and wife, they are definitely not able to say what they think directly and without concealment. Although they may have been physically connected for a long time, they are almost in the same bed. Du Yulu is a person from the Shi clan who is by Zhang Chao's side to probe and deliver news. And Zhang Chao is also using Du Yulu to find out the thoughts of the scholars. And Du Yulu also acted as an "underground" communication channel between Zhang Chao and the scholars, and could reach some political compromises with the scholars through her when necessary. Although Zhang Chao's purpose is to solve the problem of the scholars, it does not mean that some compromises cannot be reached, and when necessary, mutual compromise is the most useful way. The same is true of politics, where a strategic enemy may not be able to cooperate to a certain extent in tactics.

But Du Yulu was reluctant to be Zhang Chao's wife, because Zhang Chao and Du Yulu both knew that once they were officially married, it meant that one party belonged to one party completely. When the time comes, either Du Yulu completely betrays his class and chooses to stand with Zhang Chao, the leader of the poor family, or Zhang Chao chooses to betray his own class and then chooses to "join" the clan. Maybe Zhang Chao can also achieve certain achievements if he chooses to join the Shi clan, but this is too different from his ideals. And Du Yulu couldn't choose to betray her class, so both parties chose to live together like this, but they didn't officially get married. As long as they are not officially married, both parties are also maintaining the status of partners, and one party can leave at any time if they are not satisfied, so there is a lot of freedom.

"Do you mean to say that the so-called change of dynasty is not the so-called mandate of heaven, but this productive force, or rather, this mandate of heaven is also the productive force?" Du Yulu asked.

Zhang Chao replied affirmatively: "The so-called mandate of heaven is productivity, and as long as the productivity is enough, the general trend of the world will naturally change." And the so-called great men are just people who are pushed out by the times. And what determines the situation is ultimately productivity. From the era of the Yan and Huang Emperors to the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, it was a node of historical change, representing the great development of human productivity. And from the beginning of the Shang Dynasty reform, that is, another historical evolution node, it represents that the productivity has reached a node again, and it represents that the productivity can allow a large part of the population to leave work to study, and then enter the management level. This part of the people is also the people of the Hanmen Shu clan. They had their own land, and they began to target the state administrators, that is, the identity shocks of officials. ”

"And when is the next point of change in history?" Du Yulu asked.

Zhang Chao spread his hands and said, "I don't know." ”

Du Yulu could obviously see that Zhang Chao actually knew, but Zhang Chao didn't want to say it. And Zhang Chao can't say that the next historical change node means revolution and represents the arrival of the democratic era. Although Zhang Chao can advocate limiting the power of the monarch, he cannot say anything to let the whole people practice democracy on their own. Limiting the power of the monarch, which has also been advocated by people in all dynasties, is no longer an absolute beast, and Zhang Chao is not the first person to advocate limiting the power of the monarch. But if he wants to depose the monarchy, it is definitely a flood beast in the eyes of all kings, so of course he can't say it, even in private.

"What do you mean is that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Hanmen Shu clan had already begun to rise, and then began to grasp the power of the imperial court. And they started with the Shang Dynasty Transformation as a starting point, and then began to challenge those bloodline noble positions in the past step by step? Therefore, when the Qin State unified the world, a large number of talents from poor families were reused. In the later Han Dynasty, the Hanmen began to further develop, and finally grasped the power of the imperial court, right? Du Yulu asked.

Zhang Chao replied: "Yes! ”

And Du Yulu asked nervously again: "Then you mean that the current scholar clan is just repeating the path of those nobles in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the past." Because the productive forces are enough, there will inevitably be a large number of poor talents to compete for power and interests with those bloodline nobles. And one day, those bloodline nobles will face endless poor talents competing for interests, and finally disappear gradually? ”

"Yes! In fact, the real scholars did not exist as early as the Han Dynasty. The current gentry are nothing but the product of a deformed system in those days. And you are turning back the clock on history, so you are doomed to fail. Next, more and more talents from the poor are competing for interests, and can you still be enemies of the whole world? Therefore, it is precisely because I know this result that I have decided to have the courage to oppose your nobles. For I know that you warriors are nothing but rabbits whose tails cannot grow. And I, who was already standing on the edge of the cliff, took the opportunity to kick it. Zhang Chao said.

And Du Yulu's face turned a little blue, because she knew that Zhang Chao said something about the same. Because since Du Yulu has known Zhang Chao for three years, she has even been a real and unknown husband and wife for a long time, and she knows Zhang Chao's gaze deeply. And Du Yulu has seen Zhang Chao's annotations on history, Zhang Chao's annotations on historical classics and various documents, which makes Du Yulu feel too scared. It's terrible to be able to look at all kinds of historical issues like a god in heaven. Zhang Chao seems to be a god who stands in the sky to watch the changes in the mortal world, and is very familiar with all the causes, processes and effects. And Zhang Chao's annotations to history books made Du Yulu feel a lot of problems. These ancient people, they studied history and were not able to study the laws of the productive forces in history. The ancients looked at history and later generations looked at history from two different angles, and the ancients had a very shallow understanding of productive forces and economic theory, so they looked at history only by looking at those high-ranking officials and nobles, and at the policies of those high-ranking officials and nobles. They seriously ignore the economic foundation, but Zhang Chao can see the changes of countless times from many things on the economic foundation, and even all kinds of trivial things to see the inevitability of history, which is terrifying and terrifying.

"I want to be able to give you a baby!" Du Yulu said suddenly.

And when Zhang Chao heard this, he couldn't help but be stunned. (To be continued......)