Nanjing, Chang Ruiqing's Tangshan official residence.

"The international GCIST movement has developed to a critical period, the movement is coming to a crossroads, and the defeat of the USSR, Japan, India does not show that the GCIST path is wrong, only that the GCIST path of the Soviet model is not feasible! And we should not only see the failures of the Soviet Union, Japan, and India, but also the successful examples that emerged in the international GCIST movement, namely the kibbutz and Moshav in the State of Israel. ”

After the United States heard about the two agricultural collectivization models of the State of Israel, Mao Zd asked the Embassy in the United States to collect a large amount of information about Moshav and the kibbutz, and after returning to China, he asked the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to instruct the Chinese Embassy in Israel (Baghdad) to collect relevant information and send it back to China by telegram for him to study, and the results of the research were of course very encouraging. He spoke with great confidence: "After comparing the Israeli moshav and kibbutz with the Soviet collective farms, I am confident that I have found the way to GCISM in the countryside!" ”

He stood up and waved his hand: "This path is democracy!" It is to make the collective farm members really the masters of the house! Before the Soviet Red Army conquered Palestine, the Jews had built hundreds of highly successful kibbutz and moshav kibbutz farms in the Palestinian desert, and after Israel re-established itself in Iraq and Kuwait, many more kibbutz and moshav were built with the help of the Israeli government! After my research, I found that the system implemented by the kibbutz farms was more advanced than that of the collective farms in the Soviet Union, to the point where everyone did what he could and took what he needed! There is no need for money inside a kibbutz farm. One of its property and means of production is shared by all its members. The members are completely equal to each other, and everyone works and lives together. Kibbutz housing, cars, schools, books, and so on belong to everyone in the kibbutz. How to distribute the annual profit is also discussed by everyone. The daily expenses of the members, including food, clothing, medical treatment, and education, are all free of charge and distributed by the collective!

The system implemented by the Moshav collective farms, on the other hand, is slightly more backward, recognizing the right of private use of land, and the current system of land in Moshav in the State of Israel is that Moshav leases land from the state for a period of 49 years. Expiration is automatically renewed. Moshav, on the other hand, divided the land of similar size and soil quality and leased it to each member, who joined voluntarily. However, it is subject to the payment of shares. In addition, the production of the Moshav farm was also carried out on a family basis, but the members had to help each other and obey the collective interest. The agricultural products produced by each family are also sold by the Moshav collective farm. Moshav was also responsible for providing farmers with modern agricultural technology and production equipment. The management body of the Moshav farm is also elected by all members. Members are also equal among themselves.

On the other hand, the collective farms in the Soviet Union were also very advanced in form, halfway between the kibbutz and the moshav in Israel. In fact, the kibbutz in Israel and the kibbutz in the Soviet Union are in some ways related, both founded by Russian socialists - the kibbutz in Israel originated from the socialist Jews who emigrated from Russia to Palestine. Most of them were still old acquaintances with Lenin and Trotsky, which is why they came up with these two very similar collective farms. But the collectivization of agriculture in the USSR was an extreme failure! And the reason for this is not difficult to find out when comparing the collective farms in Israel. The problem was the lack of democracy in the collective farms of the USSR!

First of all, the collective farms in the USSR were using the might of the government. Forced peasants to join, and it was not freedom of entry and exit. Secondly, although the management of Soviet collective farms was nominally elected by the farm members, in fact they were appointed by the superiors and were only responsible to the superiors, and did not care about the lives of the farmers. Third, Israel's Moshav and Kibbutz still practiced a market economy in their foreign operations, not a planned economy of unified purchasing and marketing, so they were not exploited by the state by using unified purchasing and marketing -- we all know that in the Soviet Union, the pricing of agricultural products was extremely unreasonable, and it was not enough to compensate for the cost of production, and there were not enough light industrial products to exchange for agricultural products, and in fact the state used useless paper to deprive the peasants of the fruits of their labor without compensation!

In my opinion, the collectivization of agriculture on the Soviet model is not GC doctrine at all, nor socialism, but feudalism, the exploitation of the peasants as serfs! So the USSR was not really a GCIST country either, but a feudal and even slave state, and its fall did not represent the defeat of GCISM, but precisely the victory of GCIST theory!

Therefore, instead of stopping the pursuit of the path of realizing GCISM, we in China should completely break away from the erroneous thinking of the Soviet model and embark on a path of true GCISM. And the road to true GC doctrine should first of all be democratic! Like the Moshav and the kibbutz in Israel, there is no GCD leadership there, and there is no so-called great leader like Trotsky, but who would dare to say that Moshav and the kibbutz are far away from GCISM than the collective farms of the Soviet Union? ”

Speaking of this, Mao ZD smiled, looked at Chang Ruiqing who was sitting in the middle of the conference table and asked: "Prime Minister, do you say that it is possible for Israel's Moshav and Kibbutz to be realized in the Great China Federation?" Is this model of agricultural collectivization one of the ways out for Chinese agriculture in the future? ”

In the conference room, the members of the Central Political Affairs Bureau, as well as some party members and legislators, all set their eyes on Premier Chang Da. Chang Ruiqing also showed a smile and nodded, of course Chang Ruiqing knows some of the strange things made by the two Israelis, Moshav and Kibbutz, especially Moshav is still the most popular agricultural community model in Israel until the 21st century, bringing rich income and high living standards to Israeli farmers. In addition, modern water-saving agriculture has been developed in the desert, which can be said to be an extremely successful road to agricultural collectivization.

"The president is right, but ......," Chang Ruiqing said, "The success of Israel's Moshav and Kibbutz does not necessarily mean that these two models are applicable to China." After all, most of Israel's peasants come from Europe, where education and economy are relatively developed, while the Jewish people are ...... The national suzhì is also very high, which is not comparable to the peasants of our country. ”

Mao Zd frowned, and wanted to open his mouth to refute. Chang Ruiqing rushed ahead of him and continued: "Of course, this does not mean that I do not support the implementation of the Moshav system in China...... The kibbutz system, which is already close to GCISM, is too advanced, but the Moshav system, which is based on cooperative agriculture, should still be able to be implemented in China. He turned his head to look at Chen Duxiu: "Mr. Zhongfu, you are the Minister of Agriculture and the President of the Fisheries and Farmers Association. Hamel Kaz' (a central wholesale agency) Huh? ”

"Prime Minister, our Farmers and Fisheries Association is a 'Hamashbir. Hamel Kaz'. Chen Duxiu said while smoking a cigarette: "It's just that our fishery and farmers' general association is not facing Moshav and kibbutz, but ordinary small farmers, in fact, we have always wanted to implement joint-stock farms similar to Moshav, but the effect is not obvious, the main problem is the shortage of land in the eastern region, and the transportation in the western region is inconvenient, the grain grown is difficult to sell, and the advanced agricultural machinery cannot enter, so there is no condition for the development of Moshav." ”

In fact, another important factor in the success of Israel's Moshav farms is the concentration of land, with an average of 500 hectares of land and 450 members per Moshav farm, with an average of 16 to 17 acres of land per capita. By this standard, excluding the lands of Central Asia and Siberia, the entire Federation of Greater China would need less than 150 million peasants at most.

Hearing these words, Mao Zd smiled and said: "Now we have obtained so much land in Central Asia and Siberia, and at the same time, we have to promote urbanization and let most farmers go to the cities, so that land is not a problem." Prime Minister, what do you say? ”

Chang Ruiqing also smiled: "Of course, land is not a problem, but if we really want to introduce Moshav to China, we have to solve two other problems, first, the land in the eastern part of our country is privately owned, which cannot be changed and cannot be changed, otherwise this turmoil is not something we can bear; Second, how should our Chinese-style Moshav be managed? The Moshav in the State of Israel is not a simple economic organization, but an economic and political organization that includes the function of community self-government, which is similar to the collective farms in the Soviet Union, but the Israeli Moshav implements a democratic system, and is such a system feasible in our country? ”

"No, no," Mao Zd waved his hand: "These two issues are actually not difficult problems, although the land in Moshav is state-owned, the right to use it belongs to the individual, and there is no need to pay any taxes to the state, in fact, it is the same as private ownership." Therefore, the private ownership of land is not an obstacle to the implementation of the Moshav system, of course, there are still some troubles in the specific operation, such as how to concentrate the land in the hands of a small number of peasants more evenly, and not to make the land excessively concentrated, so that it will not be the Moshav but the capitalist farms in the United States. My idea is that the Ministry of Agriculture, the General Association of Fisheries and Agriculture, will take the lead and provide low-interest or interest-free loans to farmers who are willing to form Moshav to help them buy the corresponding land, which is about 20 acres per capita. As for the other question, it is also easy to deal with, our Moshav also wants to engage in democracy, why did the GCD of the USSR, India, and Japan fail? Why did we China GCD win? The root of this is that we have always been steadfast in our commitment to democracy and opposition to dictatorship! This is the foundation of our business success! (To be continued......)