Democracy, of course, is not good! For example, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in another time and space, the proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation of Mao Zedong and the Central Government did not realize the fatal flaws of the democratic system, so they enthusiastically supported the propaganda of democracy, opposed the dictatorship of the Kuomintang, and opposed the dictatorship of Chiang J-shi. And now it is only 1936, which is earlier than the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in history, and most of the leaders of Mao ZD and China and G naturally did not recognize the true face of the so-called democracy and freedom. Moreover, the failure of the three Soviet states led by the GCD, the Soviet Union, India, and Japan, as well as the success of China, a democratic country ruled by the GCD, also gave them the understanding that the GCD of the three countries of the Soviet Union, India and Japan died because of dictatorship, and China and G succeeded because of democracy.

Therefore, as soon as Mao Zd proposed the idea of implementing democratic management in Chinese-style Moshav, he won the approval of most of the comrades present at the meeting, but Chang Ruiqing still had some hesitation.

He was silent for a moment, shook his head slightly, and said, "President, our situation here is still different from that of Israel. At present, the source of the Israeli peasants is mainly the Jews from the former Polish and Soviet territories, and these Jews are not only relatively high-level, but also have no gap between the rich and the poor, and almost all of them go to the Middle East empty-handed, and there are no landlords or rich peasants. In addition, there is no too complicated clan relationship between them, and there are no representatives of feudal clan power such as old patriarchs and patriarchs. And we are still a semi-feudal and semi-capitalist country, if we implement a community agricultural complex with the integration of power and economy in the Moshav style, will the Chinese-style Moshav be controlled by the landlords and patriarchs, and finally become a tool for exploiting the peasants? ”

Mao ZD smiled and waved his hand: "Prime Minister." You underestimate our Chinese peasants," he said, lighting a cigarette and taking a puff, "Our peasants are not only hardworking but also smart enough." In particular, the new generation of peasants is literate and understands their rights. In the past, the main problem why there were local tyrants and shoddy gentry who controlled the countryside was that the political power was in the hands of the gentry and cool officials, and the gentry who were really able to run rampant in the countryside were all backed by the government. Moreover, the government of all dynasties did not go to the countryside, and in fact, it was the Baochang Lizheng and his ilk who ruled the villagers. Most of them are filled by squires with bad character, and in the so-called peaceful and prosperous times, they take advantage of the opportunity of collecting taxes and apportionments to exploit the villagers. The reason why these people can do evil and evil is not because of the so-called clan power and land, but because of collusion with the government or the barrel of a gun in their hands.

In the current Federation of Greater China, our government is established at the township level, and we also distinguish between administrative officers and administrative officials. Township and town chiefs are all administrative officials, and they need to be elected by the people of the local area. The county government has no power to appoint or dismiss. Therefore, the petty officials at the township level cannot rely on county officials to come to power, but must rely on the votes of votes, so they are all in charge of the people, and this is very clear to the directors of the finance departments and bureaus of the provinces and counties. ”

Chang Ruiqing nodded, he picked up the tea cup on the table and took a sip. Although he did not know much about the current rural problems, he was also aware of the difficulties in the collection of land and permanent interest. Since 1925, when China began to implement democratic constitutional government, government officials and parliamentarians at all levels have to rely on ballot boxes for food, and from this point on, whether they can meet the target of collecting permanent interest on land endowments. It is no longer the standard for whether or not the black hats of the grassroots township and town chiefs can be worn -- because they are all voted by the rural voters, and they cannot collect even a penny of land and land, and the higher level government has no power to get rid of their officials. But if you are urging Tian Fu Yongxi to offend the voters too strictly, then the political future of this life will be over.

So from 1925 to the present. The land endowment and permanent interest in various places have never been fully collected, and even if they can be levied a little, it is only enough to maintain the operation of the township level government and rural primary schools, and the finances at the county and provincial levels are all maintained by small taxes related to business activities, such as business tax, stamp duty, personal income tax, and real estate tax. As for the current federal tax, it is mainly supported by several large taxes linked to industry and commerce, such as the unified tax (value-added tax), customs duty, resource tax, interest tax, corporate income tax, consumption tax (tobacco, alcohol and luxury goods), so the hand is not too tight.

However, the increasing difficulty of collecting the permanent interest of the land endowment also reflects the phenomenon of "bullying the upper and flattering the lower" among the grassroots government officials. Of course, most of the landlords and rich peasants who owned more land, and the elected township and town administrative officials, who benefited the most from the "flattery" behavior that made it difficult to expropriate the full amount of land taxes, were also from the rich land. Therefore, it can also be concluded that the democratic system of the Federation of Great China, while allowing ordinary peasants to gain some benefits, did not really touch the interests of the rural land-rich class, and what was damaged in this new political game relationship was actually the government's own finances...... If it weren't for the fact that around 1920, when China got rid of its semi-colonial status and began to embark on the fast track of rapid capitalist economic development, the focus of its finances could shift from land taxation to industrial and commercial taxation, and the implementation of the current democratic system would certainly have caused its own finances to collapse!

"Prime Minister, I think this Moshav model can be tried to be carried out, and it can be piloted in the northern Xinjiang and the Far East." Zhou Elai looked solemnly at Chang Ruiqing, who had led the work in the northwest and the Far East for many years and knew the rural situation there very well. "The per capita cultivated land area in the rural areas of northern Xinjiang is about thirty or forty mu, which is typically vast and sparsely populated, and the gap between the rich and the poor is very small, and the residents also come from all over the world, and there are no intertwined clan forces, which is very similar to the situation in the state of Israel. As for the situation in the Far East, the situation is similar, except that the per capita cultivated land area in the rural areas is smaller, only about 112 acres, but it is far more than in the hinterland, and in the past two years, a large number of the Far Eastern He people have moved to the cities, and their land has either been subleased or abandoned. ”

"The Moshav model can be replicated in Northern Xinjiang and the Far East, and it can be piloted first, and then rolled out throughout the federation after experience is obtained." Chang Ruiqing gently turned the teacup in his hand, thought for a moment, and added: "In addition, the Moshav model can also be promoted in the four provinces of Japan and Java, which will be established soon. ”

Speaking of this, Chang Ruiqing paused and said: "Moshav is a foreign name, we can call it an agricultural cooperative here, and the basic unit of participating in agricultural cooperatives should be family farms, and the family farms to which each agricultural cooperative belongs should be close to each other for management. The per capita cultivated area of each family farm should be higher than 20 acres, and in principle, there is no upper limit, and large landowners can also be allowed to join, but agricultural cooperatives will also be the most basic political power, and the highest management of cooperatives will belong to the general assembly of members. The General Assembly will be responsible for electing a management committee of the cooperative, which will deal with farming, education, culture, health and the recruitment of new members. All members of cooperatives have the right to participate in the election of the general meeting and the committee, and the members are free to serve in the congress and the committee.

In addition, the cooperative committee should have at least two dedicated management committees, one of whom is in charge of external affairs, dealing with government agencies, banks and sales departments; The other manages housekeeping and handles the day-to-day work of the cooperative.

Because of the function of grassroots political power, agricultural cooperatives must also bear certain social responsibilities, and need to be responsible for the construction and management of primary schools and health centers, as well as the construction of some public facilities, and the required expenses are shared by all members in principle.

However, cooperatives are not simply grass-roots political power, but have a dual character: on the one hand, they are a joint organization of peasant members, and on the other hand, they are an independent economic organization. Its characteristics depend on the requirements of the farmers within the community, and the relationship with the members is expressed as the cooperative organization as the representative of the members in the market, and through guò profit-oriented transactions with interest groups or individuals outside the organization, in order to safeguard the economic interests of the members. From the point of view of creating profits, it is no different from enterprises, the difference lies in the distribution of profits, and it must distribute the market income among the members. In other words, the cooperative organization is non-profit for its internal members, and its goal is to maximize profits externally. ”

Chang Ruiqing looked around at the people in the conference room and showed a smile: "Comrades, do you think these big principles are feasible, and is there anything else that needs to be added?" ”

Mao ZD's purpose had been achieved, he smiled with satisfaction and didn't say anything more. And Chen Duxiu kept recording the main points in his notebook when he was listening to Chang Ruiqing and Mao ZD's speeches just now, and then took over the question and said: "Prime Minister, your and the president's ideas are very good, and it is possible to implement them." But now there is a question, how much money and incentives is the federal government prepared to come up with to promote agricultural cooperatives? Our farmers are the most practical, and if they don't have a little visible and tangible benefit, they may not be interested in this agricultural cooperative. ”

"Of course, we have to give some support policies." Chang Ruiqing wrung his eyebrows and thought for a moment, and said slowly: "First of all, the Fishery and Farmers Association will provide low-interest loans to agricultural cooperatives and farmers who are willing to join agricultural cooperatives; secondly, to exempt farmers who are willing to join cooperatives from their past debts; Thirdly, agricultural cooperatives, as independent economic entities, enjoy tax incentives and can be exempted from paying land contributions; Finally, the General Association of Farmers and Fisheries should also set up shops in the location of each agricultural cooperative to sell low-cost daily necessities to its members. ”

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