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Sanmenxia in the western part of Yanhuang Continent is located at the junction of Henan, Jin and Shaanxi provinces in the Central Plains, an important town in western Henan, adjacent to Luoyang City in the east, connected with Nanyang City in the south by Funiu Mountain, looking at the ancient city of Chang'an in the west, and echoing with the Sanjin Dynasty across the Yellow River in the north, which is the economic and cultural center of the junction of the three provinces in history. (+ Find the book quickly)

At this time, at the height of Sanmenxia, Wang Fan drove the aircraft and stopped there quietly.

"Is this the Sanmenxia River?" Looking at the turbulent river below, Wang Fan muttered to himself. Directly under his aircraft is the Sanmenxia River, which became famous in later generations, and is also the location of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, the most controversial water conservancy facility in history after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Looking down from the sky, there are two stone islands in the Sanmenxia River, which divide the Yellow River into three torrents, from left to right, which are called the human gate, the god gate, and the ghost gate, which is also the origin of the name "Sanmenxia". 400 meters below it, there are three stone islands standing in the river, the left is the mainstay, that is, the mainstay of Dayu in the ancient book to control the water "chisel the dragon gate, split the pillar", the middle is Zhanggong Island, the right is the dresser. There are many records in the ancient Yanhuang books, whenever the flood occurs, the turbidity waves are emptied, thrilling, here is always the most treacherous place below the Yellow River Tongguan, known as the "three doors of natural danger". Every time a boat crosses the gorge from the "human gate", it must aim at the downstream "follow me" (that is, the mainstay stone) and rush straight to the past, so as to get out of danger, otherwise the ship will capsize and people will die.

"Why are you in the mood to hang out here today?" Yadi asked in Wang Fan's head.

"It's nothing, I just want to see the location of the first large-scale water conservancy project in the Yanhuang Republic, which was very controversial in later generations." Wang Fan shook his head slightly and replied.

"Sanmenxia Reservoir?" Yadi asked.

"Yes, Jiuqu Yellow River Wanlisha! The Yellow River is too difficult to manage, and Lao Mao's later generations once proudly wrote to the Huai River 'must be cured', but he was very cautious about the Yellow River, and only said 'to do a good job in the Yellow River'. It is no wonder that the management of the Yellow River involves too many and complex problems, and the accumulation of sediment over time is enough for many people to have a headache for many people. Wang Fan answered.

"But in the end, the Red Party still decided to build the Sanmenxia Reservoir, shouldn't it have been decided on a hot head?" Yadi asked.

"Well, it's not a hot head, not to mention anything else, only the experts sent by the Soviet Union (there were more than 120 Chinese and Soviet experts at that time), it took 4 months to run 12,000 kilometers back and forth around the Yellow River to survey the environment of the Yellow River, and then decided to settle the site in Sanmenxia, so it can't be said that it is not serious and irresponsible, and the leader of the Soviet expert group at that time was Korolev, who was the deputy chief engineer of the Leningrad Hydropower Design Institute in the Soviet Union. (+ Find this book quickly)"

"It sounds like that's the case, where did they look at Sanmenxia?"

"It should be a unique geographical location and geological structure, with a solid granite riverbed underneath, and it can control the flooding and sediment problems that occur on 92% of the Yellow River's basin area."

"That's right, but the governance results shouldn't be ideal?"

"It's a tragedy! Originally, Lao Maozi's idea was to reduce the speed of the Yellow River and eliminate the threat of flooding by building the Sanmenxia Reservoir. All the sand from the upstream is impounded, and the clean water is discharged to realize the "Yellow River clean", so that the downstream riverbed is no longer silted up; At the same time, the water volume of the Yellow River will be regulated, and 22.2 million mu of farmland will be irrigated in the initial stage (75 million mu of farmland will be irrigated in the long term); The final installed capacity is 90 kilowatts, with an annual power generation of 4.6 billion kWh. Wang Fan said like a treasure.

"The result?"

"During the construction, 900,000 people had to resettle around the dam area because of the rising water level, and when the water storage was built, due to the rise in water level, 3.33 million acres of farmland were flooded, and the reservoir was silted up 1.5 billion tons of sediment in just one and a half years after it was put into use. Four years after the completion of the project, the silt sediment has exceeded 5 billion tons, the Tongguan riverbed has been raised by 5 meters, and the flood has occurred on both sides of the Wei River without floods, and the land in the Guanzhong Plain, which was once fertile and rich for the people, has been salinized in a large area. In addition, sediment accumulation extends upstream (i.e., the riverbed 'tail'), threatening the industrial base centered on Xi'an. Wang Fan commented in a slightly sarcastic tone.

"E~~~~ Isn't there a little benefit, I remember you said that the water out of the reservoir has become clear?" Yadi asked.

"The clear water from the reservoir was only the first year of the dam's operation, that is, the period of 'water storage and sedimentation', and even at that time, it was unexpected, the water of the Yellow River was clear, but it caused the problems of scouring the downstream riverbed, indiscriminately diverting, and the embankment could not be consolidated."

"Soviet experts didn't think of it? So unprofessional? ”

"The main reason is that because of the latitude of his country, Lao Maozi has little or no experience in controlling floods and sediment in China." Wang Fan lit a cigarette, took a puff, and continued: "Secondly, some of the shameless practices of 'bricks and beasts' in China do not consider objective laws and reality at all for their own political selfish interests. ”

"What do you mean by this?"

Huang Wanli, then an engineer at the University of Illinois and a professor at Tsinghua University, was adamantly opposed to the construction of the Sanmenxia reservoir and, unable to stop it, called for the diversion tunnel to be retained for future sand drainage. Zhang Guangdou, then academician of the Yanhuang Academy of Sciences and vice president of Tsinghua University, not only shouted "The saint comes out and the Yellow River is clear" in support of the construction of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, but also insisted on plugging all the diversion holes with concrete in accordance with the Soviet design. ”

"Wang Fan!"

"Huh?"

"To say something you may not like to hear, how boneless literati are! Looking at your ancient historical documents of Yan and Huang, although there are many famous people, more of them are weak literati and sour writers who have betrayed the enemy and betrayed the country. ”

"I can understand this, people, all have seven emotions and six yù, the higher the education, the better, the more they will give priority to their own personal interests, although this is extremely selfish, but the submission before the guillotine is understandable, but ~~" Wang Fan sighed aggravated and said loudly: "For my own political interests and personal purposes, I gave up the principle that the water flow will inevitably carry a certain amount of sediment, and said that the yellow water will become clear, and the downstream will be cured at once, so as to please the country's high-level." Is such a scholar who behaves in the world and does not dare to adhere to the laws of nature beneficial or harmful to the people and the people? Is their fundamental starting point to care for the safety of the people's lives and property, or to care for their own treatment and status? Once these people have a wide grasp of the right to speak, how many threats will the people at the grassroots level face? ”

"Emphasis on wisdom and not morality, the world is in chaos!"

"Huh?"

"The opening sentence in your ancient Yanhuang "Taishang Induction Chapter"." Yadi saw that Wang Fan didn't know, and explained: "I hope that people will lose and destroy people successfully; Danger people to their own safety, reduce people to benefit themselves; Evil is easy to good, private is to abolish the public, steal people's ability, and hide people's good; frustrate others' strengths and protect their own shortcomings; That's pretty much it! ”

"Emphasis on wisdom or not on morality? You're right, the bad guys with knowledge are even more terrible! Wang Fan nodded and agreed.

"Actually, my point of view is slightly different from yours, that Zhang Guangdou may really be out of the public heart of the Yellow River to govern the Yellow River more, but he does bad things with good intentions, after all, no one really wants to harm their country and people, this kind of harm to others and self should rarely occur, but at the same time of public heart, hitching a ride on personal career and political achievements is indeed the true idea of many people, and it has created a lot of face projects and image projects that do not look at the facts. Surely you have heard of the Three Gorges Dam in later generations? Yadi asked.

"Well, what's wrong with it?"

"After the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, there are many unexpected, and one of them is also related to this Zhang Guangdou!"

"Oh? Tell me about it? After Wang Fan heard this, he asked curiously.

"The information I found showed that scientists from the Yanhuang Academy of Sciences were worried about the impact of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment, and Zhang Guangdou, who was the chief environmental reviewer at the time, tried to convince them. Now that the construction of the Three Gorges Dam has been completed, there have been problems such as the following: Due to the influence of human activities, some rare waterfowl in the reservoir area have become short-lived traveling birds, there is a shortage of energy in the rural areas of the reservoir area, the area of charcoal forests and the amount of firewood have continued to decline, and the number of geological disasters such as serious soil erosion and collapse and landslides in the reservoir area has increased. ”

"Is him again?"

"It's him again! However, he later went to many places to report the environmental and ecological problems in the reservoir area, hoping to implement the environmental protection funds in the original plan, but the domestic environmental protection bureau and other relevant units, you also know their role and normalcy, and finally failed. ”

“”

"Don't be too discouraged, at least someone has finally listened to Huang Wanli's words this time!" Yadi saw that Wang Fan's face was unhappy and comforted.

"How?"

"Huang Wanli was later rehabilitated, and after his death (August 2001), in 2003 your state allocated 20 billion yuan to strengthen important embankments in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and required that it be completed by June of that year to ensure that the first units of the Three Gorges Project were put into operation for power generation as planned."

"Why do we need to repair the downstream so that the upstream Three Gorges Dam can be connected to the grid for power generation? Shouldn't the Three Gorges Dam protect the downstream areas? ”

"It may be because the flood control capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir is not so large, that is to say, the flood control capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is not as large as previously announced.

"I see!"

"However, Wang Fan, I still suggest that you listen to both sides, listen to the opinions of both sides, don't have subjective judgment first, you are obviously biased towards Huang Wanli's side in your heart now, but many of his views are also hypothetical, you yourself actually don't know anything about water conservancy knowledge, don't follow the clouds. For example, the national policy of water conservancy management is to build a large number of large and medium-sized water conservancy facilities and carry out artificial adjustment and distribution, while the British water resources scientist Robin Clark and his school of thought are different, and they believe that the development degree of natural rivers is 5 to 10 percent, and there will be no problems. Most of Europe's rivers are generally developed below this standard. According to the available data, it can be found through statistical data that the more reservoirs are built, the higher the degree of development, and the more serious the problem of "more water and less dirty water" will be. Therefore, whether to control water with less intervention and let nature prevail, or to focus on large-scale civil engineering water conservancy projects, we must first set the tone before we can talk about the next step of engineering design and arrangement. ”

"I see, it's the big principle, right?"

"Well, in fact, compared to other countries in the world, your Yanhuang Continent is quite advantageous! Because most of the precipitation occurs in the summer when the temperature is high and the crops are in full bloom, and rarely occurs in the winter when there is frost and crops do not grow, that is, the water resources are appropriately distributed during the year. Compared with Europe and the Stars and Stripes Republic, which are at the same latitude as the North China Plain, their rainfall is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, and there is a lot of precipitation in winter, but it is a frost period, and crops do not grow. So in these countries crops only grow once a year. Because of the suitable water, heat, light and soil conditions, Yanhuang can achieve two crops a year. Therefore, the total resources and conditions of the Yanhuang Continent are not lazy, the key is to analyze them in place and use them well! ”

"Got it!"

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