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Chapter 510 Artificial Transmutation of Nuclear Engineering

Today's second update

As the largest contributor to the Chinese Empire, the Chinese Empire only demanded two gold mines, the Elandslan and the Herutfrye gold mine near Johannesburg, with a total annual output of 900,000 ounces of gold. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info╔╗ Just these two inconspicuous gold mines, to the surprise of countries.

To be sure, the countries were very happy, because they thought that the Chinese Empire would occupy at least half of South Africa's gold fields, and was ready for a long war of negotiations. But the unexpected concessions of the Chinese Empire were a relief to all countries, especially the British, who had obtained the largest goldfields, and were grateful to the Chinese Empire. The Chinese Empire even took the opportunity to announce that this move was to maintain harmony and friendship among the members of the League of Nations, and international public opinion also praised and spoke highly of the Chinese Empire's sacrifice.

However, is this really the case?

The answer is clearly no.

At this time, Johannesburg was not the world-famous gold city, the two Elandslan gold mines and the Herut Frye gold mine were only mined a small part, at this time the mineral experts all believed that the gold mines here could only be mined for a few years before they were exhausted, only Wang Chenhao knew that as the pillar of the gold city, under these two inconspicuous small gold mines, there is a huge gold vein that is 122 kilometers long, 17 kilometers wide and 5 kilometers deep, and the quality is also the highest in the world. With a conservative estimate of 11,000 tonnes of gold reserves, it will be the world's largest gold mine over the next 50 years. ╔╗ Because it is separated from the small ore vein above, a layer of conglomerated rock more than 100 meters deep is not found.

It was precisely because of Wang Chenhao's insistence that the Chinese Empire wanted nothing but these two small gold mines and the right to mine the entire Johannesburg area. No one knows about the treasure below, so there is no objection. It wasn't until years later, when the two gold mines of the Chinese Empire developed into huge gold mines with an annual output of 5 million ounces and 3 million ounces respectively, that the countries learned of the huge wealth there, and regretted that their bowels were blue.

Of course, in addition to the gold mines, the coalition forces also divided the diamond mines. Originally, the Chinese Empire did not propose to take the majority, and all countries may have been embarrassed about the distribution of gold deposits, so they gave the Chinese Empire the majority of the distribution of diamond mines.

The countries involved in the war formed a diamond investment company to directly monopolize the mining and cutting of diamonds in South Africa, with the Chinese Empire receiving the largest 20 percent of the shares, and more than 30 other countries dividing the remaining 80 percent of the shares. ╔╗

Of course, the Republic of South Africa also got some shares, but was very dissatisfied. It's just that they don't dare to protest, because there are too many enemies, and once they are provoked, the Republic of South Africa will have to face more than 40 countries, which is tantamount to declaring war on the whole world, so the Republic of South Africa has no choice but to suffer a dumb loss and look forward to a favorable opportunity to turn over. Read with me h-u-n mixed *h-u-n mixed * small-say-net, please remember

In this way, the members of the League of Nations divided the gold and diamond deposits of South Africa and at the same time imposed a trusteeship on South Africa for a period of ten years, during which the Union would gradually return its rights to the Government of the Republic of South Africa, as appropriate.

Although there are a series of hidden dangers behind the rapid economic growth of the Chinese Empire, this does not affect the overall economic development of the Chinese Empire. Such strong economic growth in the Chinese Empire was the result of the combination of resources and technology, the fusion of American-style resource explosions and German-style technological explosions.

After thirty years of predatory expansion, the Chinese Empire's path of economic development with resources has been a great success, and the road of economic development with science and technology has also been smooth. ╔╗

Before the war, only 30% of the world's scientific creations and inventions belonged to the Chinese Empire every year, which were basically invented by foreigners in China or bought out by the Chinese Empire from abroad, and less than 10% of the scientific creations and technological inventions of the Chinese themselves were invented. Although this result is unsatisfactory, there is no way to do it, after all, the backwardness of the late Qing Dynasty has seriously damaged talents, so that the Chinese Empire, which has just been established for a short time, has little foundation to speak of.

However, the Chinese Empire used huge war reparations for investment in education and scientific research, popularized 16 years of undergraduate education, set up huge bonuses such as the China Treasure Star Award to support scientific research and development and technological creation, and introduced high-tech talents from abroad as mentors on a large scale to cultivate the Chinese people's own scientific research and technology team.

As of the 27th year of Guanghua, the statistics released by the Ministry of Education of the Chinese Empire show that all the population under the age of 40 in the Chinese Empire has achieved compulsory education, and the population over 50 years old has basically received compulsory education through repetition and night school, although most of the population over the age of 60 is only in a state of literacy and has the lowest level of education, they are basically in a non-working state such as retirement and pension, which has no impact on the social productivity of the Chinese Empire, which can be ignored. ╔╗

It can be said that under the universal undergraduate education system of the Chinese Empire, the grand goal of universal education has been basically achieved, and among other countries in the world, Germany, which has the most developed education, has not realized compulsory education, and the national education popularization rate is only 70%, and there are many primary school cultures, which is a world away from the universal undergraduate education of the Chinese Empire.

In the 27th year of Guanghua, there were more than 300 doctorate-granting institutions in the Chinese Empire, and more than 130,000 doctoral students were enrolled in the university, ranking first in the world in terms of doctoral training, far exceeding the 12,000 in Germany, which ranked second. The ratio of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students in the Chinese Empire was 36:4.2:1. Compared with European countries, Germany, which has the most advanced education, has only reached the level of 10 master's degrees to train 1 doctorate, while the Chinese Empire has 4.2 master's degrees to produce 1 doctorate, thus making the training scale of doctoral students larger. In addition, the Chinese Empire has hired a team of professional tutors composed of top scientists from all over the world, and with huge financial support, the training quality of doctoral students in the Chinese Empire has been guaranteed. In addition, in the 27th year of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire has more than 200,000 master's students, and more than 2 million graduate students, as for undergraduate and junior college students, due to the opening of tens of thousands of colleges and universities, and the general situation of universal education, the qualification evaluation of science students is not so strict, conservatively estimated that the number of students in school every year is about 18 million. ╔╗

The Chinese Empire's investment in education was the highest in the world, from hundreds of millions of dragon coins in the initial stage, to 3 billion dragon coins per year in the 27th year of Guanghua. This is a huge amount of money that was directly allocated by the central government before, but the pressure is increasing year by year, and the central government can no longer solve all of them. For this reason, starting from the 27th year of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire transferred the allocation of 12 years of compulsory education to the local finance, and the central government was only responsible for the 4 years of compulsory education at the university.

Even so, the huge amount of compulsory education funding also strained the central and local finances of the empire, so the cabinet finally issued a new policy, explaining to the people that the source of education funds was the strategy of taking money from the people and adding taxes on children's education to the tax items of imperial citizens. The tax is calculated according to the number of years of service of the citizen, and 10 yuan is deducted per year as an education fund, and the tax is exempted from the tax for individual citizens with an annual income of less than 120 yuan and the total household income of less than 240 yuan.

In this way, the Chinese Empire will receive 4 billion dragon dollars a year from the collection of education taxes, which will not only continue to maintain the compulsory education system, but also roll over the excess funds into the education fund, which will be used to reward students with excellent academic performance and improve school teaching facilities and teachers' salaries.

It is precisely because of the huge compulsory education system of the Chinese Empire that the Chinese Empire achieved great scientific research and academic achievements in the early 20th century.

As of the 27th year of Guanghua, the scientific research achievements and technological innovation achievements of the Chinese Empire accounted for 70% of the world's share, and the huge accumulation of knowledge has exploded, and most of the scientific research achievements and academic achievements have been applied to economic development, becoming one of the main driving forces for the strong economic growth of the Chinese Empire.

Among the 13 inventions and creations in 9 fields in Guanghua's 26 years of Guanghua, Chinese scientists have won all of them for the first time, giving birth to 16 world-class scientific giants.

Among them, the most notable is Dr. Zhang Kelin of the Beiyang Nuclear Physics Engineering Laboratory of the Chinese Empire. At the age of 42, Dr. Zhang Kelin was honored to be Mrs. Lee's chief assistant and made outstanding contributions to nuclear physical engineering.

Zhang Kelin entered the Beiyang Science and Technology Physics Laboratory at the age of 30, initially as an inconspicuous laboratory equipment custodian. However, in front of a large group of famous physicists from all over the world in the physics laboratory every day, he humbly studied and soon became Rutherford's assistant, working under his guidance.

Twenty years later, Rutherford had just succeeded Thomson as director of the Nuclear Physics Laboratory. In this year, Zhang Kelin received a master's degree in physics from Peiyang University and continued to engage in scientific research at the Beiyang Science and Technology Laboratory. Zhang Kelin's important scientific contribution was the improvement of Wilson's cloud chamber and photographic technology, and the creation of the cloud chamber photographic technology with automatic counting control, with the help of which many important discoveries were made in the study of cosmic rays. Under Rutherford's tutelage, Zhang Kelin and a group of foreign researchers were able to establish a different style of cosmic ray research school, opening up a new field of physics.

Soon, Zhang Kelin's talent was recognized by Mrs. Li, when Mrs. Li was presiding over the study of nuclear physics engineering, Zhang Kelin was informed by his superiors that the nuclear physics project must eventually be in the hands of the people themselves, he learned that His Majesty the Emperor attached great importance to this matter, and fantasized that one day he would be fortunate enough to be received by His Majesty the Emperor, so Zhang Kelin had a huge motivation and took the initiative to ask Mrs. Li for work. Mrs. Lee, then, entrusted him with the study of the artificial transmutation of the atomic nucleus.

Artificial transmutation is an artificially induced nuclear reaction, a phenomenon discovered by Rutherford in 1919. In the twenty-fourth year of Guanghua, Zhang Kelin used his improved cloud chamber to shoot a particle bombardment of nitrogen nuclei. This is an energy-absorbing reaction, which can be calculated from the mass deficit q, and these results prove Rutherford's analysis in 1919. The artificial transmutation of the atomic nucleus has laid the foundation for artificial new elements, as we all know, the heaviest element in nature is the radioactive element uranium, it is the 92nd element, and the chemical elements after the 92nd are produced by artificial transmutation, now there are 107 elements arranged in the periodic table, with the continuous in-depth research, more new elements will be able to be artificially manufactured. Because of Zhang Kelin's outstanding contributions in the field of physics, the Imperial Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to award him the 1926 China Baoxing Prize in Physics.

Since then, the research of nuclear physics in the Chinese Empire has entered the most critical moment, that is, how to use the artificial transmutation energy absorption reaction to control the huge energy released during the nuclear fission of U235, thus laying a theoretical and technical foundation for the establishment of protective facilities for nuclear reactors. Soon, Zhang Kelin was also summoned by Wang Chenhao alone, and he also participated in the research and experiment of nuclear weapons, and the nuclear weapons program of the Chinese Empire also took a great step.