Chapter 30: The Greek Civil War (Part I)
Just as Beretta was working on the prototypes of the M12 and M/45 submachine guns, Pietro received the news that the Belgian company FN was about to launch a new assault rifle, and he couldn't stop laughing, and the group of Belgians still followed their plan step by step into the trap. Although he was initially worried that Kalashnikov's departure would leak his plans, now it seems that he had been overly concerned.
Originally, as long as the FN company managed the two guns in its hands, it was completely able to consolidate the existing market steadily, but they insisted on developing new firearms in a hurry, and the European and American markets were not very cold to AKM and FAL rifles, and some traditional countries were more inclined to be equipped with submachine guns, so FN company completely abandoned its own advantages to compete with Beretta's best submachine gun design, and when this group of Belgians woke up, Beretta has been able to compete with them on automatic rifles.
On the side of NORINCO, Albert didn't have time to pay attention to what the old fox of Pietro was thinking, and almost at the same time as the prototype gun was made, he began to prepare for assembly line production, some people in the company did not understand why Albert was so risky, a gun that had not yet been tested was equipped with a mass production assembly line, what if this was a failed work?
Fail? Albert smiled, the submachine gun that sold more than 10 million units worldwide, you talk to me about failure? In this regard, Albert could not explain much to them, and could only act like a dictatorial cold-blooded monarch, forcing the employees below to do what they planned. The Uzi submachine gun did not go through the sample test, improve, and then enter the process of large-scale production, but directly built a batch of Uzi submachine guns according to the design drawings, selected a few of them for 13,000 rounds of ammunition testing, and then directly put this batch of arms into the market.
For others this is a low-level mistake, but for Albert it is an urgent matter, because his arms program began in earnest in 1946.
It was February 1946, and for Albert, it was also the most important beginning of his arms plan, that is, in February, with the unanimous support of the Allies, the Greek parties signed the "Varzisa Agreement", hoping to end the civil war of the Greek revolution, but to no avail, the civil war still did not end.
The Greek Revolutionary Civil War was a war that took place in Greece from 1944 to 1949. On one side of the civil war was the Greek government army, which was successively supported by Britain and the United States, and on the other side was the Greek Communist Party, which led the anti-German movement during the war.
The civil war was divided into two phases. In the first phase, from 1944 to 1945, the left-wing resistance, which controlled most of Greek territory, confronted the Greek government-in-exile that had returned to its homeland, which had been established in Cairo with British support during the war. In the second phase, from 1946 to 1949, the right-wing government, which came to power after unfair elections, continued to fight against the armed forces led by Greece. The civil war left Greece with serious economic problems and political divisions, which did not end until the 70s of the 20th century.
The background of the Civil War dates back to the 1941-1944 occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany. King George II and his cabinet fled to Egypt, where they established a government-in-exile recognized by the Allies. However, the legitimacy of the government-in-exile was questioned from the outset because Greece was ruled by the military dictator General Ioannis Metaxas from 1936 to 1941, before the war.
The Germans supported a puppet regime in Athens, in which many former government officials participated, but the regime's approval ratings were too low, especially after the inflation, material shortages, and famine in Greece caused by German economic exploitation. During the war, this government controlled an army armed by the Germans.
Many resistance forces moved a few months after the German occupation. The largest of these are the "National Liberation Front" and the "Greek National Liberation Army", both established in September 1941. The acting leader of the Greek Communist Party at that time was George Siantos, and the real leader, Nicholas Zahiariadis, was still collecting soap in a German prison.
In response to the call of the Soviet Union, the Greek Communist Party established a broad anti-fascist united front, which enabled the "National Liberation Front" to successfully gain the support of many non-communist-proletarian figures. He soon expanded into an organization over which even the Greek Communist Party could not fully control. The facts tell us that the end of playing away is very sad.
The FNL and the Liberation Army were hostile to two small resistance forces: the National Democratic League of Greece, led by Colonel Napoleon Zelvas, a former army officer, and the Democratic-Lordial and Social Liberation, led by Colonel Dimitrios Psalos. The former consisted of liberals and republicans, while the latter consisted of anti-communist elements.
Greece is a country that is well suited to guerrilla warfare. By 1943, the Germans and their puppet regimes controlled only the main towns and communication arteries, and the vast mountainous areas were in the hands of the resistance. At the time, the Liberation Army had about 20,000 armed men and effectively controlled a large area including the Peloponnese, Crete, Thessaly, and Macedonia. The NLD numbered about 5,000 people, almost all of them in Epirus. There are only about 1,000 people in the "Democratic Social Liberation Association". They relied on the spoils of war to equip themselves, and also had some British aid. However, when the Italians retreated in 1943, the SPLA seized a number of weapons from the Italian garrison.
Since the NLD believed that the Allies would liberate southern Europe through Greece and wanted to rule Greece after the German troops withdrew, the FNL condemned the NLD for collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country in a vain attempt to steal the fruits of the victory of the resistance. This situation led to a triangular conflict between the "liberation-liberation-army", the "NLD" and the German army. With the support of the British and the Greek government in Cairo for the NLD, these conflicts turned into civil wars. In October 1943, the "People's Liberation Army" launched an offensive against its enemies, especially the "NLD". The civil war that swept across Greece lasted until February 1944, when the British brokered a ceasefire and the Braka Agreement was signed.
In March 1944, the National Liberation Front, which controlled most of the country's territory, formed the National Liberation Political Committee. This democratic government and the Athenian puppet government and the Cairo government-in-exile formed a "three-legged" trend. Its goal is "to intensify the fight against the occupiers for the complete liberation of the nation, for the independence and territorial integrity of the country, and for the elimination of the fascists and armed reactionaries in the country." The first chairman of the "People's Congress" was the military leader of the "Democratic Social Liberation Order", Evripydes Vakirzis. Later, he was replaced by Alexander Svolos, and Vakirtzis became deputy chairman.
By late 1944, the German retreat from Greece was a foregone conclusion as the Soviet Red Army broke through German lines and penetrated deep into the territory of Romania and Yugoslavia. At this time, the government-in-exile led by the famous liberal Giorgio Papandreou moved to Caserta, Italy, to prepare for the liberation of Greece. According to the Caserta Agreement of September 1944, all factions of the Greek resistance were under the unified command of the British commander, General Ronald Skovey.
In October, British troops landed in Greece. Since the Germans had withdrawn almost entirely, the British encountered little resistance. Despite the fact that the Liberation Army had 50,000 heavily armed soldiers at this time, and all of their equipment was left behind by the German troops when they were hastily evacuated, the British were still outnumbered by the Liberation Army. On 13 October, British troops entered Athens, followed by Papandreou and his cabinet. The king remained in Cairo because Papandreou promised the people a referendum to determine whether the future Greece would retain the monarchy.
At that time, it would have been easy for the liberation-liberation army to control the whole country, but they did not do so. Because the Greek communist leadership received instructions from the Soviet Union not to act rashly, otherwise it would undermine the unity of the Allies and threaten Stalin's strategic goal of controlling Germany after the war, for whom Germany was the center of gravity of his European strategy.
Stalin had actually reached an agreement with Prime Minister Winston Churchill that after the war, Greece was the sphere of influence of Britain, and the Soviet Union would not intervene. The leadership of the Greek Communist Party is well aware of this, but it is helpless, but the soldiers of the Liberation Army and ordinary party members do not know about it. This was the source of the contradictions between the FNL and the People's Liberation Army in the future.
If you fall behind, you will be beaten, and this is a truth that never goes out of fashion.