86_86695Friends who know more about the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties may find it strange. It was also the end of the feudal dynasty, and it was also faced with a national, degrading peasant uprising. Why, the Qing Dynasty relied on the landlords' armed forces and various regimental training to eliminate the Taiping Rebellion, and continued to survive for decades. However, the Ming Dynasty did not have such good luck, and in the history books, it seems that there was no armed figure of the landlords at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

For this problem, Wang Shuhui feels that there are two reasons.

The first is institutional. In all dynasties before the Ming Dynasty, the landlord armed forces played an important role in history. In a macro sense, the princes of all walks of life in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the envoys of all walks of life in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, and even the rebel armies of all walks of life in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty were all landlord armies.

After the Ming Dynasty eliminated the Yuan and Mongolia and established a new feudal dynasty, it was quite vigilant against the landlords' armament. From the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it was legally forbidden for landlords to arm and regimental training. Therefore, in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, it was a little unrealistic to suddenly establish a landlord group training.

Second, there is the issue of regionality. Whether it was a barbarian invasion or a peasant uprising, it took place in the northern regions. On the one hand, because of the abnormal climate of the Xiaoice River, and on the other hand, because of the problem of population density, northern China does not have the objective conditions for establishing an armed regiment of landlords. In addition, although southern China was not affected by any military disasters, neither the landlord class nor the ordinary people lacked a sense of crisis, so that after Li Zicheng broke through Beijing, the southern region was unable to respond quickly.

However, we must also see that even if the Manchu barbarians broke through Jiangnan and caused a large number of horrific massacres. However, in southern China, armed forces against the Manchus still existed, and many of them continued into the Republican era.

However, it cannot be said that in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, there was no landlord armament and regimental training at all. Although it is not like the Qing Dynasty, from the middle of the Qing Dynasty onwards, a large number of group exercises were held across the country. However, the Ming Dynasty still had some regimental training arms. The more famous regimental training armament is the "Mao Hulu Soldiers".

The origin of the name "Mao Hulu Army" is because the main component of the Mao Hulu Army is the hunters in the mountains. Orion's quivers are all made of animal skins and look shaggy. For this reason, these armed groups, which are mainly composed of mountain hunters, are called gourd soldiers.

As early as the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mao Hulu soldiers were active in various battlefields to suppress the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty organized these people into local armed forces, which were like regimental training, and made them the tools of the landlord class to suppress the peasant uprising. "History of the Yuan" contains: Emperor Yuan Shun to the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, "will steal Henan...... Recruit people for soldiers, and the silver hidden in the treasury is a big money, and those who shoot and hit are rewarded, so everyone is an elite soldier. The Jin and Shang volunteers are animal skins and arrows, such as gourds, and the gourd army is very elite. Listing his merits and giving him a letter of praise, his army is prosperous. And the state gets its use".

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, although the Ming Dynasty legally forbade the existence of armed regiments, the Mao Hulu soldiers did not completely disappear. Throughout the Ming Dynasty, they hid deep in the mountains and lived by hunting and mining. It was not until the Chongzhen period that they reappeared.

In the early years of Chongzhen, the peasant rebel army fought against the fierce opponent - "Mao Bing". What is "Mao Bing"? Wu Weiye, a Ming man, said: "Liu Yingyu raised Mao's soldiers into the Han Dynasty, and Hechuan defeated Wu's auxiliary soldiers in Luoyang, and won all ten battles." "Zijin Liang gathered more than 100,000 people, with Qin soldiers, Yu soldiers, and Mao soldiers to gather in the southeast of Zelu, take advantage of the void to invade the northeast, and capture Liaozhou from Wuxian County, Qinzhou." The "Mao Bing" here refers to the Mao Hulu Bing.

During the Chongzhen period, the Mao Hulu soldiers had been officially reorganized and bought to fight for the Ming Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the historians Dai Li and Wu Yun recorded the "Mao Bing" more specifically: "In the fifth year of Chongzhen, in September and in September, thousands of thieves plundered Xinxiang for three or four days. Guihai, Cizhou Dao wished Wanling 800 gourd soldiers, and the thieves went to Lingchuan. Mao gourd, miner also. Its leader is called the Horn of the Brain. There are also salt soldiers and salt disciples, all of whom are temporary recruiters. In the middle of many deaths, it is difficult to dare to die, and it is suitable to search the mountains. ”

Wang Shixing of the Ming Dynasty said: "Between the inner call and the Lu family, there are many miners. Long spears and big arrows, wrapped around their feet, specializing in digging mountains for their business, killing people for a living, and calling gourds. Its thousands of people are a group, and they are bundled with horns (horns are also the words of the leader). It is mined in the deep mountains and valleys, and people can't get it, even today's official mining, and they dare not reach it; Today's pickers, Xian near the market road also. ”

However, because of their small number and small scale, the Mao Hulu soldiers did not save the crumbling feudal dynasty like Zeng Guofan and other regimental training leaders.

In the sixth year of Chongzhen, the leaders of the peasant rebel army, Zhe Xianling, Li Zicheng, Liu Guoneng, Zhang Xianzhong, etc., concentrated nine battalions of men and horses, "went south from Wu'an, surrounded 400 Mao Hulu soldiers in Hegou Village, and killed them all", giving a heavy blow to the "Mao Hulu soldiers". In April of the following year, the peasant army defeated the "Mao Hulu Soldiers" in Wu'an, eliminating 182 people. Since then, the gourd soldiers have not reappeared in any historical materials.

It can be seen from this that in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, there were also regimental training arms, but these regimental training arms did not form a scale and were quickly extinguished by the peasant rebel army.

Why are we suddenly talking about the gourd soldiers here? That's because, in the reactionary discussion at the home of Miao Weichang, the commander of Jingzhou Wei in Jingzhou Prefecture, in order to solve the problem of manpower needed for the operation to exterminate Wang Shuhui, Bao Huizan proposed a method of hiring mountain bandit hunters from Songzi County.

Within the jurisdiction of Jingzhou Prefecture, Songzi County is a mountainous area. In the mountains of the Songzi region, there are abundant mineral deposits. Among the 22 kinds of mineral resources such as oil, coal, rock salt, ferrosity, barite, and limestone, which were widely exploited in later generations, coal and iron ore were discovered in the late Ming Dynasty. With the exception of the officially occupied mines, most of the pits are controlled by Orion miners in the mountains.

In Songzi County, the most powerful armed force is the mine-guarding armed forces composed of these organized and financially sourced Songzi miners and hunters equipped with perfect iron weapons.

In fact, the Songzi Maniac Armed is a kind of bandit arming. While they set up a village to protect themselves, they often occasionally looted in the county town in order to obtain daily necessities, which caused the local government a headache. As the highest governor of the Jingzhou Thousand Households Office of Jinyi Wei, Bao Huizan knew that there was such a powerful armed gang hidden in the Jingzhou area.

Bao Huizan said to everyone, "Since we can't directly transfer troops, why don't we each come up with some money and hire the group of mountain bandits in Songzi to do it." As long as Jingzhou Wei is silent, Zhijiang County, which is next to Songzi County, will definitely be defenseless. When the time comes, I will have nothing to do with the land and manpower under the name of Wang Shuhui in Jingzhou. It is divided equally among the people in the health center. Wang Shuhui's industrial field in Zhijiang will be used to compensate Zhang Lao Shangshu's family. ”

The so-called "people die for money, birds die for food", I heard that there is such a big advantage to take advantage of, and the five thousand households and their relatives are quite positive. You must know that Zhang Tianlu occupies nearly 65,000 high-quality fertile land in Jingzhou. These 60,000 acres of land are all excellent paddy fields. If this is really done. Each person can get at least a few thousand acres of good paddy fields.

Miao Wei often listened to Bao Huizan's words, and his heart felt chills. He thought in his heart that Jinyiwei was worthy of being the most vicious force in the world. Songzi County hides such a big unstable factor, and it is the first time I have heard of it in the past few years since I took office. If Bao Huizan wants to harm himself, he only needs to use the same means to spend money on the Songzi mine bandits to break through the state and county. As the commander of the highest armed forces in Jingzhou, he cannot escape the blame.

Miao Weichang himself was very jealous of Bao Huizan. Now, his defense against Bao Huizan has improved again.

In fact, only Bao Huizan really knows about the Songzi mine bandits. Because of the Jinyi Wei Jingzhou Thousand Households, one of Bao Huizan's cronies was born as a Songzi mine bandit. Saying that people are mine bandits is actually a bit wronged. Those people are just mountain people who have set up a village in the mountains to protect themselves. In fact, it is rare to go out and rob people, but it is not the reckless behavior of some young people who are not quiet.

Most of the Songzi mine bandits are still ordinary people. It's just that because they live in the mountains, these mountain people are more wild, more courageous, more weapons, and more ruthless in killing.

Bao Huizan has always regarded the Songzi mine bandits' survival zài as his killer weapon. This time, in order to leave a good impression on Zhang Wenda Shangshu and get the full support of the Ministry of Shangshu, he revealed his ability to press the bottom of the box. Speaking of which, this is also because Miao Weichang, the commander of Jingzhou Wei, is really slippery, no matter what he says, people will not take the bait, and he will resolutely not use Jingzhou Wei's manpower. When there was no progress in the discussion, Bao Huizan had no choice but to show his means.

However, he was not prepared to let these people stay out of the way. He said to everyone, "Dude, I've shown all the means to press the bottom of the box. However, you can't just rely on this group of mine bandits, otherwise Zhijiang County is afraid that something big will happen. Once they kill the rise of killing, they break through the state and county. I'm not alone. ”

Miao Weichang heard this, and scolded unconsciously, "Hold your old sister!" ”

The threat in Bao Huizan's words is obvious. If you want to say that you can't go to the army, whether it is in Lord Zhang Wenda's place, or in the responsibility of Jingzhou Wei's stable place, this poisonous snake Jinyi Wei will give himself eye medicine. Miao Weichang gritted his teeth and said hatefully, "I also sent a hundred personal soldiers, so I will be responsible for monitoring that group of mine bandits." ”

After saying this, thinking in his heart that I was not happy, no one should be happy, and he said to the five guards and thousands of households, "Don't the five adults often say that their families are hereditary military generals, and their family history is related. Thousands of acres of fertile land, you still want to be white! Each of the five of you will have a hundred hands! ”

Hearing Miao Weichang's words, the hearts of the five hereditary thousand households rang together, "I'm cǎo Nima! Voice. This is really a big lazy branch, a little lazy sitting on the threshold. People Jinyiwei oppressed you Miao Weichang, and you Miao Weichang came to oppress us.

But these five hereditary thousand households couldn't say anything else. Because Miao Weichang's words are very reasonable, he has no lunch in the world that he can eat for nothing.

The problem is that they often boast that they are hereditary military attachés, so as to ridicule Miao Wei for being a small family of five thousand households, they are indeed hereditary military attachés. However, from the time of their grandfather's grandfather's life, they went from hereditary military attachés to hereditary landlords. If you want to talk about serfs who are good at farming, let alone a hundred, they can make up a thousand. But a hundred soldiers who can fight, they really can't make it up.

Even if you can make up these people, and you want to get weapons and armor for these hundred people, you don't have to think about it at all. Except for some spears that have been unused and have long been rusted and completely discarded, all the weapons in the five thousand households have been handed over to the craftsmen of the thousand households to be turned into farming tools.

In fact, this is also normal. Otherwise, how could it be that during the Chongzhen period, Zuo Liangyu and Zhang Xianzhong repeatedly ravaged Huguang, and Huguang had no power to resist. In fact, all the guards in the world, except for those border generals who pay more attention to saving their lives, pay more attention to keeping their families in captivity, all the guards have no armed forces at all, and they have completely changed from military units to landlords.

The five thousand households thought about it and felt that there was really no way to refuse, and finally they bowed their heads to Miao Weichang together, hoping that Master Miao could sell a piece of equipment that each of them could arm a hundred people at the market price.

In this way, the army of 600 regular troops and 600 Songzi mine bandits planned to be hired to encircle and suppress Wang Shuhui was initially formed. A group of reactionaries who yearned for the huge wealth of the legendary Wang Shuhui's gold and silver mountains breathed a sigh of relief. However, what they didn't know was what kind of huge impact their conspiracy attack on Wang Shuhui would have on the entire Jingzhou region.

Just as every attack of the reactionaries of later generations will bring about a great development and progress of the forces of justice. The Revival Society is about to usher in a third expansion.

In the barracks outside Wangfu Town, Zhijiang County, Wang Shuhui, who was conducting an inspection of the troops, did not know such a thing. He was struggling with the learning of the soldiers' cultural knowledge and the rationalization of the organizational structure of the Baath Army.

After Wang Shuhui assessed the soldiers' military skills, he began to go down to the company to inspect the actual situation of the soldiers. What made him happier was that the soldiers of the Baath Army were very good in terms of military training and discipline. However, progress in cultural learning and ideology has been very slow.

After inspecting several companies, Wang Shuhui was furious with the political cadres of these companies. The instructors at the team (class) level, the platoon level instructors, the company level instructors, the battalion level chief instructors, and the political commissar and deputy political commissar of the Fuxing Army were all gathered together by Wang Shuhui and scolded him.

"Have you all been kicked in the head by dogs! What's the matter, you are such a large group of people, and you can't understand how to teach such a few students! When I asked the soldiers why they were soldiers, what was their answer? What is it called, 'In order to repay the kindness of Master Wang.' What is it called: 'Eat the grain of the king, receive the money of the king, and give the life of the king.' 'That's what I taught you in political training!' Where has the concept of the people's soldiers gone! ”

"'Soldiers of the people, fight for the people', can't you all teach the soldiers such a simple concept! Are you pig brains? ”

"Also, why has more than a year passed, and there are still so many soldiers who haven't even memorized the three disciplines and eight points of attention. Why do you only know a dozen words, and you can only look up the number when you count! What have you done in the army every day for more than a year! ”

Listening to Wang Shuhui's scolding, he looked at the green tendons that burst out of Wang Shizun's head. The instructors and political commissars were also very aggrieved in their hearts. They thought to themselves, "How can such a thing as reading and writing be so simple!" We are still learning, and the master is too anxious! ”

As for ideological education, the political commissars and instructors felt that it was good that we knew the concept of 'the people's soldiers, fighting wars for the people'. What's the use of letting these big-headed soldiers know.

Besides, if you eat the grain of Master Wang and receive the silver of Master Wang, you will have to give your life to Master Wang. This truth is that when it comes to heaven, what is wrong? Heaven is fair.

Looking at the disapproving appearance of the political cadres below, Wang Shuhui felt a sense of powerlessness. It is also too difficult to cultivate a modern army with ideals, ambitions, and political literacy in the feudal era.

Whoever eats food will give his life to whom, won't he become the kind of guy like Yuan Datou?