Chapter 471: Continuous Reform
In the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, the Ming Dynasty was full of chickens and dogs, and Zhu Youxiao transferred hundreds of thousands of central troops to the Guannai, cooperating with the armed police and public security established in the local area, and cleaning up those landlords and businessmen who resisted reform everywhere. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info
At the same time, the imperial court parachuted a large number of officials and civil servants from the central government, and then sent the central army to make these reform officials have a strong enough violent machine.
After taking office, he organized the construction of local armed police and public security.
At the same time, various local departments have been established, no longer as in the past, there is only one yamen, after many years of reform, the reformed local administrative system has more than 10 departments, each of which performs its own duties, has clear powers and responsibilities, and where there is a problem, which department is in trouble.
After the completion of the administrative reform, the first thing the new local government had to do was to reform the tax collection, and there was no tax exemption after the reform. What you need to do before collecting taxes is to register industry and commerce and measure the acres of land.
All businessmen engaged in business activities, except for those small vendors, must all register with the industrial and commercial bureau, and the industrial and commercial bureau will issue business licenses.
If the scale of operation reaches a certain scale, a company must be established.
Industrial and commercial practitioners who have completed industrial and commercial registration must pay taxes in accordance with the law. One is commodity value-added tax, the other is consumption tax, as well as business tax, enterprise income tax, individual income tax, resource tax, urban land use tax, real estate tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, cultivated land occupation tax, land value-added tax, vehicle purchase tax, vehicle and vessel tax, stamp duty, deed tax, tobacco tax, customs duties, ship tonnage tax, luxury goods tax and other taxes.
At the same time, there is also an agricultural tax, which needs to be measured to settle the acreage.
In addition to measuring the acres of land, this is a relatively large workload, after the industrial and commercial registration to urge the collection of taxes everywhere, but many businessmen just do not pay, other businessmen do not pay when they see others, they do not pay, the public servants who collect taxes come to urge it is useless, businessmen are pulling their faces and saying that there is no money.
It is useless for the government to urge a few times, so they can only use violent machines, and let the public security and armed police take people, isn't there no money? Stay in the prison first.
Don't have any money yet?
Then the house will be raided, and if you really don't have any money, you will let the people go. If more assets are seized than are taxed, they will be confiscated.
A group of businessmen were arrested and put in prison, and many of them were so frightened that they even paid their taxes.
Those merchants are relatively easy to solve, they are all businessmen, there is no mass base, and most of them are in the city, it is easy for the government to take people or something, and they can scare them into peeing by using violent machines at will, and then they can only pay taxes obediently.
Even more troublesome is actually the measurement of acres and the collection of agricultural taxes.
In the past, in order to avoid the tax burden, many farmers gave the title deeds to those who could be exempted from taxes, but those land deeds were all white deeds, and there was no record in the government.
After the agricultural tax reform, farmers with less than 30 mu of cultivated land in the south are completely exempt, while in the north it is 50 mu and in the northeast it is 300 mu.
In the southern region, even landlords with 300 acres of cultivated land have only 10 percent of the agricultural tax. With the current agricultural productivity of the Ming Dynasty, although there have been a lot of agricultural machinery, but there is still no automated agricultural machinery, so the productivity has not yet reached the extent that one person can cultivate thousands of acres of land, so the agricultural tax formulated by Zhu Youxiao just draws the red line at the limit of 300 acres, which is enough for some individual families to use agricultural machinery for farming, and will not cause the problem that the land is not enough to play a person's labor, and even 300 acres of land is still a little too much at present.
Now the yeoman farmers can be exempted from taxes, but those who raise people have no way to be exempt from taxes, and those yeoman farmers are naturally unwilling to work anymore, and disputes naturally arise.
On the one hand, the new local governments have to settle such civil disputes, and on the other hand, they have to impose agricultural taxes.
For these civil contract disputes, the starting point of the imperial court's policy was to curb land annexation, so those white contracts that had not been reported to the government were invalid, and the land was awarded to the yeoman farmers.
All land has to be re-deed after the agricultural tax reform.
The land area must be measured clearly, and the new local government has spent a lot of effort in measuring the acres of land, and the workload is really a bit large, but no matter how big the workload is, it must be done day after day until the work is completed.
In order to resist taxes, some landlords obstructed the measurement of acres of land and even injured civil servants. This is simply a hornet's nest, the government directly sent the armed police to take people, put on a hat of violent resistance to the law and throw them directly into the prison, and then the land measurement continued.
These landlords are forced to go to prison, and things are not so simple. Those who dare to violently resist the law are definitely not good citizens, and they are also dealt with very harshly, basically confiscating land and reforming through labor. If the land is not received, it will be auctioned and sold.
Some even entire clans violently resisted the law, relying on the fortifications of the villages to resist the armed police, but as a result, the central army brought artillery, and after a few cannons, the earthen walls and walled gates were blasted open, and then the entire clan was arrested and all underwent labor reform.
With the cooperation of the armed police, the public security, and the central army, all kinds of obstacles have been vigorously removed.
However, this reform is deeply supported by the common people, those landlords, businessmen and powerful people want to rebel, obviously lack a mass base, the real popular will is still on the side of the imperial court, those who try to resist the reform to protect their interests, only part of the popular support.
In the process, some groups with bad behavior were also reported to the court by the local government, and then beheaded in the autumn to show the public.
For a time, the heads were also killed, and those powerful and landlords, as well as those merchants, were almost frightened. Whoever dares to stop the rolling trend of this reform will have to pay the price.
With the progress of the reform, the ordinary people did not listen to the literati who were the lackeys of the capitalist class at all, because after the reform of the imperial court, a lot of burdens were reduced for the ordinary people.
Forced labor was no longer levied, yeoman farmers were exempt from taxation, and the salt tax was reduced. At the same time, the imperial court also carried out interest rate reductions and rent reductions, and the land tenant rent shall not exceed 10%, while in terms of private lending, it is stipulated that the monthly interest rate shall not exceed 8%, and the loan contracts signed in the past shall be rectified.
After the reform, the interest rate of private loans is not allowed to exceed 8% per month, otherwise it will be regarded as usury and will be punished by law.
Both yeoman farmers and tenant farmers have had a much better life after the reforms.
Moreover, in every area where the reform has been implemented, the courts have been operational, and the people have taken the lawsuits seriously, and the legal and political personnel are all sent by the imperial court, and they do not dare to accept bribes under the supervision of the system, and they have fulfilled their responsibilities to protect the vulnerable groups, and they can handle the lawsuits in a timely manner, and they can also give a fair judgment, which also makes the people applaud for a while.
As soon as every place is reformed, the courts are full. Every day, people come to complain, and a bunch of old cases are withdrawn.
Some cases are not completely handled, because they involve many officials who have already left their posts, and many of them have previously engaged in a large number of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases.
Many cases have been reported, and Zhu Youxiao saw a lot of twists and turns below.
"Those old cases, those that should be overturned, as for those who handle the cases, put them aside." Zhu Youxiao commanded. The outgoing officials involved don't have to worry about it for now, just record it in the record, and slowly clean it up in the future.
In this reform, the imperial court has put on an attitude of not being held accountable in the past, and many officials have sorted out the mess during their tenure, and if they are investigated, I am afraid that a large number of people will be involved, and it is inevitable that some dogs will jump over the wall to hinder the reform.
However, whether to pursue it or not is not a matter of Zhu Youxiao's words.
When the reform is completed, it will be completely liquidated, and then not a single one will want to run.
The reform of the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, with the military support of the imperial court, has obviously achieved great success, and the reform in various places has continued to deepen.
From the moment Zhu Youxiao took control of military power, it was destined that this reform would inevitably succeed.
Because this reform is a reform that conforms to the will of the people. Moreover, the repressive power of military power and political power, the Donglin Party has been purged from the court, and the Donglin Party has no military power in its hands. Although there may be some local armed forces, those guards have long since rotted and have no combat effectiveness at all.
No matter how much money there is in the private chaebol in the Ming Dynasty, it cannot be transformed into military strength.
In this reform, all local health centers were abolished, and the armed police and public security were turned into armed support for local governments, and at the same time, the central army cooperated to suppress those interest class forces that obstructed the reform.
In essence, this is a class war, and there is no such thing as a war. Therefore, in this reform, Zhu Youxiao and the Han Emperor Party adopted a resolute suppression attitude towards those groups who obstructed the reform.
Those classes whose interests were affected by the reforms, at this time, seemed to want to rebel, and there was no basis for public opinion, at best, they were to demagogue a small part of the common people, and they were soon suppressed. Moreover, with the advancement of reform, the common people have also enjoyed the benefits brought by the reform, and supporting the reform has become the aspiration of the people, and the strata who oppose the reform are even more powerless.
In the areas of the north, where the reform was carried out relatively early, the fruits of the reform have already appeared.
The imperial court has established a perfect food security system in all provinces, and the granaries of the imperial court in various places are now full, which plays an important role in regulating grain prices. When the price of grain in the market is low, it is bought to raise the price of grain, and when the price of grain is high, grain is released to stabilize the price of grain, so that grain prices can always remain stable, so as to prevent the grain from hurting the peasants and the price of grain from skyrocketing.
At the same time, the granaries of the imperial court also ensured that the imperial court could provide relief to the people in the affected areas.
In fact, at this time, there is no need to directly give food relief, and the common people can not be starved to death when they are affected by the disaster, because a large number of infrastructure construction projects have appeared in the provinces in the north that have completed the reform, and as long as the people go to the construction site to do things, the wages are relatively high, and there is no problem in surviving in the state of stable grain prices.
It is equivalent to that the people now have to support themselves, not only relying on the land, but also a large number of work opportunities.
The imperial court's investment in the construction of railways, highways, and water conservancy is higher every year. Today's Ming Dynasty has developed into an industrial revolution stage of intensive labor industry and infrastructure construction.
During this period, industry developed rapidly as a labor-intensive industry, and at the same time, the government invested heavily in the construction of infrastructure, which led to a large number of jobs. With the introduction of the system to protect workers' rights and interests, workers' rights and interests have also begun to be effectively protected.
In the southern provinces, the reform has just begun, and the food security system of the imperial court is also being built, and this system will soon be popularized, and famine will become a historical term in the future Ming Dynasty.
This food security system is a system that covers grain producing areas, railways, and grain depots. At this time, the grain production base of the Ming Dynasty has several major producing areas, such as the Northeast, Huguang, North China Plain, Guanzhong Plain, and Hexi Corridor, and the grain trade in the Indochina Peninsula is also growing year by year.
The railway system of these grain bases in the north is becoming more and more perfect, and the grain can be transported directly to various places by rail.
This traditional grain producing area in the Huguang area is transported to Jiangnan and other regions with high efficiency through the Yangtze River water transportation.
The reform of the southern provinces, which was accompanied by the construction of railways.
A large number of railway projects have been determined, and exploration and construction are underway. At this time, the Ming Dynasty had set off a boom in railway construction, and it continued to spread from the north to the south.
When the Ming Dynasty built a huge railway network, it became easier to regulate grain. A large amount of grain will be transported through the railway network, and grain production areas will be distributed in various places, and one grain production base will be affected by the disaster, and other grain production bases may have bumper harvests.
Moreover, with the continuous growth of investment funds in water conservancy facilities, the ability of various grain producing areas to resist natural disasters has been continuously enhanced, and many cultivated lands have been able to ensure harvest in drought and flood because of the improvement of water conservancy facilities.
The construction of various infrastructure facilities has also brought a strong impetus to social development and a large number of jobs, and the common people have obtained a large number of non-agricultural jobs, and their ability to resist natural disasters has naturally been greatly enhanced. And the source of this motivation is the central finance, which in turn increases through the collection of various taxes.
As the emperor, Zhu Youxiao not only had to protect the interests of the common people from being plundered by the powerful and the capitalist class, but also to ensure that they would not be forced to live by natural disasters. This is a basic responsibility as an emperor, because the common people who have no way to live will inevitably overthrow the imperial court.
In the past, because the economy in the northern region was underdeveloped, once agriculture was affected, the people's ability to resist disasters was relatively weak, so it was easy for peasant uprisings to occur, after all, everyone could not survive. At this time, the northern provinces had basically completed the reform, and Zhu Youxiao no longer had to worry about any peasant uprisings.
The southern region has a much stronger ability to resist natural disasters, and the biggest disaster is basically the flood in the Lianghuai area, which is more serious, and the imperial court also began to deal with the floods in the Lianghuai region at this time.
Previously, there was a windfall of money, which was basically used to build various civil infrastructure.