() The origin and classification of the Eight Banners System in the Qing Dynasty

The Eight Banners system is the social organization system of the integration of soldiers and people in the Qing Dynasty, which was built by Taizu Nurhachi on the Jurchen Niulu system, and the four flags were built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), the yellow flag, the blue flag, the white flag, and the red flag. Ming Wanli forty-three years (1615) to add four flags, called inlaid yellow flag, inlaid blue flag, inlaid red flag and inlaid white flag, set 300 people for a bull record, five cattle record for a Jiala, five Jiala for a solid mountain (solid mountain that is, the flag), the Manchus according to the eight banners system subordinated to each flag, peacetime production, wartime conscription. When it was first established, it not only played an important role in the military, but also had administrative and production functions. After the unification of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Taizong Taiji strengthened the military functions of the Eight Banners system in order to strengthen the restraint of the banner people, and established the Eight Banners of the Han Army and the Eight Banners of Mongolia in order to expand military strength and win the hearts of the people. Each banner has regular troops such as military camps, forward battalions, cavalry battalions, Jianrui battalions and infantry battalions, as well as guards, ladders and formations. In addition, special battalions such as the Xiangli Battalion, the Tiger Gun Battalion, and the Firearms Battalion were set up to practice wrestling, shè arrows, stabbing tigers, and cāo gun drills. Because the emperors of the early Qing Dynasty attached great importance to guns, artillery, martial arts and other practical skills, the Eight Banners Army achieved brilliant results in the pacification of the three feudatories, the recovery of Taiwan, and the resistance to the Tsarist invasion. The Eight Banners are divided into two categories: business and garrison, and the Beijing Battalion is the general name of the Eight Banners Army guarding the Beijing Division, which is composed of Lang Wei and Bingwei, and guards the people of the royal family. Called Lang Wei, and must be born in the three flags of yellow, yellow, and white, such as the Forbidden City Martial Gate, the East and West Hua Gate, and the Shenwu Gate are guarded by the three banners. Garrison refers to the eight banners stationed in various important places across the country. The total number of troops in Beijing is about 100,000, and the total number of garrison troops is also about 100,000.

Inlaid with blue flags

In the eastern part of the present-day Inner Mongolia Ulanchabu League, one of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. Built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), it is named because the flag is blue sè inlaid with red, and the inlaid blue flag is the next five flags, which are divided by the kings, Baylor and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale reached 87 whole leaders and one and a half sub-leaders, and 2 soldiers. 70,000, with a total population of about 13 men, women and children. 50,000 people. Mr. Hou Baolin, a famous performing artist, became a Blue Flag person.

Positive blue flag

In the southern part of the Xilin Gol League in present-day Inner Mongolia, the lightning river runs through Hebei. One of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty, built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, named after the pure blue of the flag. The blue flag is listed as the upper three flags before Shunzhi and the yellow and inlaid yellow, and the Shunzhi was rolled down to the next five flags by Doer, not by the emperor but by the kings, Baylor, and Beizi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale reached 83 whole leaders, 11 and a half division leaders, 26,000 soldiers, and a total population of about 130,000 men, women, and children.

Inlaid with red flags

In the eastern part of the present-day Inner Mongolia Ulanchabu League, one of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. Built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), because the flag is red sè inlaid with white and named, the red flag is one of the five flags, by the kings, Baylor, and Beizi division, the scale reached 86 under the jurisdiction of the late Qing Dynasty, 26,000 soldiers, the total population of men, women and children is about 130,000, the favorite concubine of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty is the red flag person.

Positive red flag

In the eastern part of the present-day Ulanchabu League, one of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. Built in the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), it was named after the flag sè for pure red, and the red flag was the next five flags, which were divided by the kings, Beizi and Baylor. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the least populous banner among the eight banners, with a scale of 74 whole leaders, 23,000 soldiers, and a total population of about 11 men, women, and children. 50,000 people, the famous writer Mr. Lao She was originally affiliated with the Red Flag; The big corrupt officials and gentry during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty were also Red Banner people

Yellow flag

In the south of the Xilin Gol League in present-day Inner Mongolia, it was one of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. Built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), it was named after the flag sè for the yellow sè inlaid with red edges, the inlaid yellow flag is one of the three flags, there is no king in the flag, the emperor is personally united, the soldiers are the emperor's own soldiers, and the members of the guard imperial city are also selected from the three banners. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the scale expanded to 84 under the jurisdiction of the whole Zuo Ling and two and a half divisions, 26,000 soldiers, a total population of about 130,000 men, women and children, many members of the Qing royal family are inlaid with yellow flags, such as the Empress Xiao and Rui of Emperor Jiaqing, the imperial concubine of Emperor Qianlong, Cixi and Ci'an who "listen to the government with curtains", and many officials in the court also come from the inlaid yellow flag.

Positive yellow flag

Named after the flag sè pure yellow, the yellow, inlaid yellow, and white flags are listed as the three flags, and the three flags have no king, all of which belong to the emperor's personal soldiers, and the members of the royal family are also selected from the three flags. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the largest number of people in the Eight Banners was under the jurisdiction of 92 whole leaders and two and a half sub-leaders, about 30,000 soldiers, and the total population of men, women and children was about 150,000. Kangxi's Aichen, the first-class guard of Qianqingmen, Nalan Xìngde, is a person from the Zhenghuang Banner.

Inlaid with white flags

In the south of today's Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia, one of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty, built in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), because the flag sè is white sè inlaid with red, the inlaid white flag belongs to one of the five flags, not by the emperor himself, but by the kings Beizi Baylor divided, the scale at the end of the Qing Dynasty was 84 whole leaders, soldiers 2. 80,000 people, with a total population of about 130,000 men, women and children.

Positive white flag

Location in the south of Inner Mongolia Xilin Guo Le League, one of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty, the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601) Nurhachi was initially determined, named after the flag sè pure white, the white flag is one of the three flags in the eight flags, before Shunzhi, there is no white and blue flag in the three flags, because at the beginning of Shunzhi, Dol rolled himself into the upper three flags and lowered the blue flag into the lower five flags, which has since become customized. The white flag is one of the emperor's personal leaders, there is no owner in the flag, and the soldiers are the emperor's personal soldiers, and the members of the royal family are selected from them.

The scale of the Qing Dynasty is 86 whole collars. About 2. There are 60,000 soldiers, with a total population of about 130,000 men, women and children. The last Empress Wanrong of the Qing Dynasty was a person with a white flag.