A new three-generation theory? Before the students could understand much, the master of the school said in surprise: "Has the new theory of the three generations of mountain chiefs been completed?" I hope to teach students a thing or two! ”

Duan Hongshi chuckled lightly, with a smug face, the so-called "Three Generations New Theory" is indeed the culmination of his years of gain, and what the master invited was exactly what he wanted.

Seeing that he had the heart to speak, the master wanted to end the big class and concentrate on listening to Duan Hongshi's lecture, but Duan Hongshi said: "It's okay, let the children listen to it, don't be like that, the old man's argument is not for you scholars, but for people in the world, even women and children, can understand the truth." ”

The students suddenly looked solemn, and they all clenched their pens and waited with bated breath.

Duan Hongshi said: "As the old man can see, my Chinese life can also be divided into three generations, namely the world of the ancestors, the world of the ancients and the world of the present. ”

"The world of the ancestors is the three generations before and after, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the founding of this dynasty, it is the world of the ancients, and this dynasty, that is, your father, the world opened by your emperor, is the world of today."

"What are the three generations? The old man has several big and small theories, and the small ones are viewed from the details, such as the king, and the big ones are divided into humane points. ”

"In the world of our ancestors, the king was a good teacher and a sage. In the world of the ancients, the king was the king's father, the son of heaven, and the born saint. What is a king in this world? Not...... Isn't it like returning to the world of our ancestors? is no longer a father who kills and kills, but a good teacher who combines the wisdom of the people and protects the righteousness, and a sage who abides by justice and establishes public interests. ”

"The king's argument is different, and the old man will not talk about it deeply. Let's talk about humanity, that is, the way of Chinese continuation. ”

Duan Hongshi talked about college to the eldest child, who was only twelve years old, and the youngest was only four or five years old. The master on the side felt a little ridiculous, and when he thought of the identities of these children, the master was also relieved. Let these children, whose parents hold the power of a country, get a glimpse of the way of the world early, and if they are in charge of national politics in the future, they should know more about the importance of national weapons.

Duan Hongshi said again: "The sages once had the theory of the five elements, saying that all things are composed of five elements. Now you know that, too. This is wrong, there are many elements of all things, and there are also molecules that can be broken and polymerized, and atoms that can be broken and can be broken again. ”【1】

"If Huaxia is regarded as one thing, then everyone is an indestructible atom. You're all learning the character, oh, now divided into physics and chemistry, and you know that the change of matter is due to the molecule, and the change of the molecule is the change of the atom according to the law. Hence what a thing looks like. How hard and soft. It's all about how the atoms come together. ”

Duan Hongshi is not an engineering person, and he only knows a rough idea of the emerging physical chemistry and atomic theory in China, which is not very appropriate. But the meaning is very clear, that is, to look at Chinese history from the perspective of the so-called "social organization" of later generations.

"How did people come together in the world of our ancestors? It's in the bloodline. Tightly intertwined. A nation is a family, and a king is the head of the family. The elders are all fathers and grandfathers, and the children are children. This life is almost like a race of birds and beasts, and it is the way of living beings, not a separate humanity. ”

"After that, the world of the ancients, where is the division? Just one man's cultivation can feed several people. As a result, there are many non-cultivators. They are either craftsmen or merchants. Or for the scholars and bureaucrats, what they eat is not what they can, with technology, literature, and thinking about the way of heaven, so that the world climbs the way of heaven, the longer and bigger, the stronger and stronger, and then the mountains can move rivers, dry lakes and seas...... Ahem......"

Speaking of this, the old man suddenly coughed, and the person also shook, the master hurriedly held on, and saw that the old man's face was wrong, and persuaded him to rest, the old man waved his hand disappreciably, gasped for a moment, and continued to speak.

"China is strong and prosperous, standing at the pole of the world, relying on the hearts of all people, the wealth of all people, and the strength of all people. And the difference in this gathering method has set the distinction of three generations. ”

"The gathering method of the ancients is based on blood as the righteousness and the human body as the practical reason. The righteousness of the bloodline is very simple, that is, the monarch is mandated by heaven, the family and the country are one, Confucianism is publicized as the monarch and the ministers, and the father and son are often disciplined. In addition to the general righteousness, what is more important is the practical practice. ”…,

"The biggest difference between the world of the ancestors and the world of the ancients is that it broke feudalism and established counties. This change originated in the Spring and Autumn Period [2], flourished in the Warring States Period, and became a great success in Qin. ”

What is the significance of this change? To put it crudely, it's like you guys...... Eighty people, grazing cattle on the steppe. Twenty sheep are born a year, and you eat ten, and each family can keep ten. If you want windmills, halva, or colorful paintings, you have to rely on these sheep cubs to exchange them. ”

Speaking of this, Li Keyun couldn't help but raise his hand: "We don't eat sheep cubs...... However, how many halva can ten goats be exchanged for? ”

Duan Hongshi smiled: "Ten heads? There are no ten heads...... This grassland has a master, since the world of the ancestors, it has been divided into people. This piece belongs to Master Yang, and that piece belongs to my old man Duan. The sheep you raise must eat the grass on the ground of our old men, and hand over five sheep cubs every year. ”

Li Keyun pursed his lips angrily, and Li Keyi was angry with the enemy: "Robber! ”

The master on the side is surnamed Yang, and he said with a funny smile: "This is the land rent, if you don't pay it, you can't do it, otherwise the old master and I won't have the strength to help you control the flock, so that they don't run away or be eaten by foxes." ”

Duan Hongshi said: "Yes, we not only have to take care of the sheep in the field, but also have to pay tribute to a big tiger, otherwise the big tiger will not be able to control the large group of fox wolves, sneak in and take away all the sheep." The grassland was divided into eight areas, and each of us eight masters was in charge of one piece, and each piece grazed the flock of ten people. Each of us had to pay tribute to the big tiger with twenty lambs, asked...... How many sheep will each of the big tigers, our masters, and you get? ”

It became an arithmetic problem, and the students hurriedly started, and after a while, everyone raised the small blackboard, and even the youngest Li Keyi was not wrong. There were one hundred and sixty tigers, thirty for each of the masters, two hundred and forty for a total of two hundred and forty, and fifteen for each of them, for a total of one thousand two hundred.

Duan Hongshi nodded and said: "In the world of the ancients, it's over, the big tiger said, this land and this grass are all theirs, and you have to pay tribute directly to it." It drove us old men away, replaced them with a group of little masters, and promised twenty sheep each, and let them help to look after the flock, and help collect the tribute from you. The big tiger also thinks that it is too unreasonable for each of you to pay only half of it, and you should pay more, such as eight, ask...... Now how many sheep can the big tiger, the new master, and you get? ”

While secretly scolding the hateful big tiger, the students buried themselves in calculations, and soon the answer was also available, there were four hundred and eighty big tigers, one hundred and sixty new masters, twelve of them each, a total of nine hundred and sixty.

"Look, the big tiger can get more sheep, this is the biggest change between the county system and the feudal system. The sheep cub is not only talking about the taxes that the people have to pay, but also about the forced labor that must be served, so that the country can gather more wealth and manpower. ”

Duan Hongshi inadvertently instilled the concept of the monarch and the country as a big tiger into the students' minds, which made Master Yang on the side laugh and a little frightened. hurriedly added that the big tiger was also forced, if he didn't eat too much and didn't raise a bunch of little tigers, he wouldn't be able to drive away the fox wolves outside. The same is true for the country, after the county is transferred, more financial resources and manpower can be gathered, such as seawalls, the Great Wall, Chidao and canals, to be built.

Duan Hongshi said again: "That's the truth, from the world of the ancestors to the world of today, the big tiger of the country has gathered more and more wealth and manpower, and it is naturally getting stronger and stronger. The three generations of convergence methods are different, the world of the ancestors, the country is feudal, in addition to the property directly under the jurisdiction, the country under its jurisdiction only contributes a certain amount of tribute, and then helps to fight the war. In the world of the ancients, without the Fang State and the nobility, the state relied on the bureaucracy to collect taxes directly in the counties and levy military service. ”

"But the bureaucrats have to be changed regularly, and since there are few people, it is impossible to go to the countryside in person and ask the peasants one by one to urge them to be recruited. So what to do? The method is to organize the people and establish a residence. Tie people to the fields, and then urge them to be levied according to the households, so there are the least omissions, so some people say that changing feudalism to counties is a strategy for farming and warfare. ”…,

"Man is tied to the field, and he has to bear heavy labor. The most important thing is this forced labor, the country has to be built, it has to fight, and it has to handle all kinds of state affairs, all of which are directly shared with everyone, and this becomes personal dependence, and the whole country is woven by the subordination relationship between people and people. Therefore, there are all kinds of household registrations, as well as high and low. ”

"There are more detailed old man's books to talk about, such as land annexation, the change of the family gate valve and the imperial examination bureaucracy, the rise of money and goods, and even the dispute over salt and iron in the Han Dynasty, Wang Anshi's reform in the Song Dynasty and Zhang Juzheng's reform in the Ming Dynasty. You just need to remember one thing, in the world of the ancients, everyone was like a slave and a maid, and except for the emperor, everyone was not a complete one. ”

Li Keyi naturally didn't understand, and raised his hand again: "What about this world?" What new things did my father create? ”

Duan Hongshi's face turned bad again, swallowed for a while, and forced himself to cheer up: "The old man just said that the big tiger, that is, the country, not only protects everyone, but also oppresses everyone, and when the temper is attacked, it has to eat people. And the emperor...... It was another lion that was created, no, it was just urging it to grow up, pushing it to drive away Ta Qing, and trampling the old Confucian under his feet. Now it's this lion, fighting with the big tiger. The world of this man is a world where lions and tigers compete with each other and at the same time are at the same time. ”

Looking at the students with hopeful faces, Duan Hongshi still held on his forehead and said: "This lion has many names, the emperor used to be called capital, and then it was called market, and the old man is called it simply, that is...... Money. ”

Sensing that something was wrong, Duan Hongshi sped up his speech: "This lion can still eat people, but it has the advantage that before it, everyone is equal. Through it, people no longer have to be tied to the land and attached to others. ”

Why is this happening? Because manpower is near-least, one person who cultivates can support more people, and more and more people who do not cultivate it, the state can no longer control all the people by relying on the land alone. Increasingly, the labor of the people was exchanged for money, and if we wanted to weave the world, we had to start with the money, not the fields of the past...... Ahem......"

There is still too much to say, Duan Hongshi was a little anxious, but the more urgent the situation, the worse the situation became, and after a violent cough, Duan Hongshi fell softly on the chair.

Master Yang and the students were shocked to the bone marrow, and they all exclaimed: "Old master! ”