Therefore, if the officials fail to control the government during the three seasons and cause the peasants to waste agriculture, they are demanding the lives of the people and driving them to their deaths.

The specific measures for persuading farmers to teach are as follows: 1. At the beginning of the year, all prefectures, counties, and counties should urge the people, regardless of their age, to plough the fields and cultivate the fields in a timely manner, so as not to delay the agricultural time. Second, after the planting is completed, we must urge everyone to do a good job in field management, hoeing, fertilizing and watering can not be less, and when it comes to the harvest season when the wheat is ripe and silkworms become cocoons, it is also necessary for the old and young to contribute, men and women to do the same to grab the harvest, and the rush is as urgent as the rescue of people who have fallen into the water, firefighting, and thieves are coming, only in this way can the farmer's year-old cultivation have a harvest, and the labor of the silkworm woman can see the results.

3. Some families lack labor, and some families do not have cattle, so they should be advised to help each other, exchange what they have, and have a good harvest together. Fourth, the gap in farming, when you can't work in the field on a rainy day, you can guide everyone to plant mulberry and fruits, plant vegetables and repair gardens, raise chickens and pigs to develop sideline auxiliary main business.

Fifth, if there are idle people, return early and go out late, enjoy leisure and bad work, and are not diligent, the chief will report his name to the county, and the county order will be severely punished according to the situation, and the punishment will be one hundred examples. These are the five things that a wise ruler should do. In addition, Su Sui also put forward requirements for the daily government affairs of officials.

The government should not be too trivial, and if it is too trivial, the people will feel too annoying. Persuasion should not be too simple, if it is too simple, the people will slack off. Those who are good at politics will be simple and moderate. The Book of Poetry says: Not rigid or soft, the government is excellent, and Bailu is begging.

This is the programmatic guiding document formulated by Su Xuan for the development of agriculture, the pillar industry of the national economy, which is very specific and has the characteristics of practicality and operability. It is indeed a guide for officials at all levels to develop agricultural production. However, we can see from this. No matter how good the policy is, it must be implemented by excellent officials, so can the election system at that time elect good officials?

The answer is no. Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the official selection and appointment system is the nine-product Zhongzheng system, by officials at all levels and specialized talent offices to recommend people with both ability and political integrity to be officials, but just like the crooked mouth monk chanting, too subjective recommendation design to seek personal interests of people to exploit loopholes, the position became the private property of officials, which caused the emergence of the quasi-aristocratic class during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family controlled the government, and the family became the first condition for the election of officials.

No matter how talented you are. No matter how stupid you are, as long as you are from a high background, the door of the government is still open to you. Relying on this kind of person to govern, Su Sui's education and geographical advantages will inevitably become a dead letter, and Su Sui has a clear understanding of this.

Therefore, Article 4 of the Six Edicts specifically puts forward a new point of view on the election of officials. In fact, people of insight at that time had already understood the danger of the gate valve system, in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Gao Cheng, the prince of Bohai, had already begun a campaign to fight tigers under the banner of anti-corruption, and he personally presided over the ministry and filled a large number of virtuous and capable people into key government departments at all levels.

Li Hu, the governor of the left wing, made it clear that he was against it. Li Hu, the word Wenbin. He is also an important member of the Hebayue Wuchuan Hometown Association. According to the genealogy of the Li family, their family is from the Li family of Longxi, and Li Hu's grandfather Li Xi started as a general in Kinmen. Yiliang family town Wuchuan, since then settled in Wuchuan. His father, Li Tianci, was a junior officer in Wuchuan Town, and Li Hu had few great ambitions. Like to read, good at riding and shooting, for people light money and righteousness, deeply loved by He Batyue, very early to follow He Batyue, once followed He Batyue to pacify Yuan Hao to obtain the title, after He Batyue passed a little pass, Li Hu marked it with merit, and looked at it slowly in the future. This period of history had a profound impact on the later Sui and Tang dynasties

Article 4 of the Six Edicts: Promote virtuous and virtuous. (Ren Xian's ability is very different from the fallacy of Su Sui's use of corrupt officials circulating on the Internet, which is a fake and shoddy product that is genuine) Su Sui has opened the mainstream official election system since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Su Sui believes that the people are a plate of scattered sand, and they have no ability to engage in any autonomy (the democracy fighter is not happy, Su Sui is an ancient, and he competes), so someone is needed to manage, and the monarch is to manage the people, but there are too many people to be managed, the affairs are too busy, and the monarch is too busy no matter how big the ability is, no matter how high the level is, in order to solve this problem, the monarch has set up the position of a minister to assist himself, up to the court, down to the county, and with the assistance of the virtuous minister, it will be a great rule, and without the help of the virtuous minister, it will be chaotic, This is a natural truth, and no amount of change of kings can change this law.

Looking at the current situation, there are a group of subordinate officials who do specific things under the Assassin Shi Shou Order, and they help the chief rule one side. The officials of the Assassin Prefecture were appointed by the imperial court, and the governors below were appointed by the governors themselves.

For a long time, the state and county officials only looked at the seniority of the family, regardless of whether they were virtuous or not, and the last Cao Xiaoguan only looked at the writing and did not care about his character. Let's not say whether Su Sui's defense of the necessity of the ruling group is right or not, and whether he has limitations on targeting officials and not against zaishou, but only in terms of the practice he observes of officials choosing Xu officials, it can be said that the consequences are very strict, but it is a common practice since the Han Dynasty.

In fact, the selection and appointment of court officials is not such a model, but if it is pointed out directly, it will not only be suspected of hitting a large area, but even touching the highest level of the ruling class, and there is only one result of doing so, that is, destroying oneself. ）

Many people in society worship the big families and believe that only they are qualified to serve as officials who manage the people, and some officials prefer to find some people with good writing to help them handle paperwork in order not to be burdened by official duties. To this day, this phenomenon is still ubiquitous, and the shadow of the family government has always haunted it.

Of course, the ** of the officials may also exceed the ** of the officials, they are specific to do things, and the disciple in the gourd monk sentence gourd case in "Dream of Red Mansions" is a typical representative of this kind of person, and it was his appearance that Jia Yucun began to judge the case indiscriminately. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to start with the selection and appointment of officials to rectify the rule of officials.

Su Sui has a strong sense of criticism and innovative spirit, he put the facts and reason, mercilessly criticized this way of selecting officials who only value the family and the talent but not the morality, and look at his views on the family and talent: Qualifications?

That's your grandpa or even grandpa's grandpa being rewarded for his hard work. The high door indicates that your ancestors were very good, but it does not guarantee that you are also very good. It is not uncommon for a virtuous father to give birth to a stupid son, and writing is an extraneous talent. It is a kind of technical work that can be learned, and good writing has nothing to do with your conduct. （

Many unscrupulous writers in later generations wrote amazing words, traitors can also become literary masters, they proved Su Sui's foresight with their actions) Of course, Su Sui did not exclude the family (he himself was born in the Guanzhong family), if he got a virtuous person from the family with a high family, it would be like riding a horse for thousands of miles, and he would reach the destination all the way; If you get mediocrity from a high-ranking family, it is like a dirt cow and a wooden horse. The appearance is similar, but you can't ride it for thousands of miles. Similarly, if the selected humanistic pen is good and virtuous, it is like gold and jade, beautiful inside and out, such a person is really a dragon and phoenix among people, and a first-class talent.

If the selected humanistic pen is good but the character is not good, it is like the decoration on the rotten wood, although it can be pleasing to the eye for a while. People who can't be used as pillars and have bad conduct must have selfish intentions, and if they have selfish intentions, they will do bad things.

In this regard, Su Xuan showed his own view of employment. There shall be no restriction on the number of officials to be elected. Talent selection comes first. If you get the best talents, you can be like Yi Yin and Fu Shuo, although you have a low background, you can be promoted to the prime minister. Not to mention a small official position in the state and county.

If it weren't for talents, even the descendants of emperors like Danzhu and Shang Jun would not be able to hold the fiefdom of Baili. Compared to them, the descendants of the ministers are nothing. Talent selection. First of all, we must pay attention to virtue.

Why seek talented people because their talents can be used to better govern the people. Talented and upright people will consciously use their talents to better govern the people's >

If a person is talented but treacherous, making him an official is the beginning of chaos, let alone governing the people well. Therefore, if you want to get talent, you must first look at his virtue.

Those who are virtuous are recommended, and those who are not virtuous must be discarded even if they are good. Su Sui said it very well, which was irrefutable, but those officials still found the problem and cross-examined Su Sui.

Someone retorted: Report to Master Su, we don't have a sage here, so I don't know who to recommend. Su Sui replied: This is an extremely irresponsible statement. It's not that there are no talents, but that you don't pay attention to find them.

In order to illustrate this truth, Su Sui began to quote scriptures. Why are you irresponsible?

The ancients said: The Lord will be prosperous, and he will not pray to the heavens for talents; Adults open the foundation, and will not select talents from future generations. One generation does the same thing, so the emperor of Yin Zhou will not wait for Ji and Qi, and Wei and Jin do not need Xiao He and Cao Shen to assist. Confucius said: In a village with only ten households, there must be a faithful person like I, Confucius. The sages say that there are talents in the villages of eight out of ten households, but in our big cities where thousands of households gather, they say that there are no talents, is there such a reason?

This situation can only mean that there is no intention to look for it, or it is not selected well, or it is used in the wrong place, or there is no quantity to use, and the talent is buried, so there is no talent. (According to the later Han Wen Zhenggong, it is: Maxima often exists, but Bole does not often exist.) Because there is no discerning Bole, Maxima mixed with inferior horses, and was buried after all. ）

Su Sui also said: The ancients are cloudy, the beauty of thousands of people is said to be Ying, and the talent of ten thousand people is said to be Jun. Now those who have been given official positions because of their intellect, and who are famous throughout the country for their virtues, are not they close to the heroes? As long as one can observe diligently, take the truth from the false, and appoint the best people in each state and county, no matter how many people there are, it will not be enough to govern. Seeing this, I also want to raise a question, there are many people in the world who are not worthy of the name, some people can pretend, and when no one cares about them, they will be noble hermits, and once they become officials, their true form will be revealed, so is it not comprehensive and scientific to identify talents based on the reputation that a person has accumulated in the past?

In this regard, Su Sui proposed a solution, boldly tried and carefully investigated. He said that when the jade was not cut, it was no different from the tile stone. When the horses are not running, they are mixed with the inferior horses and cannot be distinguished. When the jade is cut open and the horse runs, the jade and the stone and the bad horse and the good horse can be distinguished. When the Magi are not used, they mingle among ordinary people, and there is no difference to be seen.

Therefore, if you want to select a competent person, you should first try it out and inspect it, so it will be obvious whether it is competent or not. In the past, Jiang Taigong fished there, Baili Xi fed the cattle there, and Ning Qi buckled the horns. Guan Yiwu was defeated three times, at this time. Who can say that they are sages? Wait until Jiang Taigong assisted King Wu to establish the Zhou Dynasty. Guan Yiwu helped Huan Gong achieve hegemony, and after decades of success and fame, people recognized that they were all geniuses in the world, so later generations praised them.

Immortals like them can't stand out from ordinary people when the opportunity doesn't come, let alone people who are inferior to them. However, if you have to wait for Taigong to appear before using it, there will inevitably be a shadow of Taigong who has not been seen for thousands of years. must wait for Guan Yiwu to appear before appointing. It will inevitably appear, and I can't wait for Guan Yiwu in the past.

The reason for this is that the scholar must go from humble to remarkable, and the merit must accumulate small to become many, and where there is something that has not yet done things, there are achievements, and there is no experience to develop. If this truth can be understood, then the sages can be sought, and the scholars can be selected. If you get the sage and use it, and if you get the scholar and use it, the world will be governed. What can't be done. In short, it is a pioneering initiative to set a probationary period for officials and let practice test the authenticity of talents. Until today. Setting up a probationary period is still an important way to scout talent. In addition, Su Sui also has his own ideas about governing the place.

He said. Those who are good at being officials will definitely reduce their official positions first, and there will be fewer official positions. If a virtuous person is easy to become an official, then there is nothing that cannot be done badly. If there are too many official positions, there will definitely be bad people mixed in them, and there will definitely be problems. Therefore, it is said: there are fewer officials, there are fewer things, and the people are quiet; If there are more official positions, there will be more things, and the people will be overwhelmed. Whether to make the people quiet or chaotic lies in the simplicity of the officials.

The number of officials is quite a lot now, and in the past, there were many people and many things, and it was not obvious that there were many people, but now the number of people has decreased, and they are still equipped according to the original establishment, and they still feel that there are not enough people.

For example, I heard that there are part-time agents in the state and county, and they harass the people and are very rude, such people should be laid off and should not be taken for granted. Not only the officials of the prefectures and counties should choose virtuous people, but also the officials of the party and clan leaders should also choose carefully, select the talents of one side, and manage the other side well. Lizheng and Sanchang are the foundation for governing the people, and only when the foundation is solid will the top be stable.

There is not only one way to seek talents, but in order to be prudent, we must try it out and do a good job of the probationary period. Visiting Wèn's home, inquiring about his fellow villagers, and examining his past, the way of employing people is very clear, and it is distinguishable whether he is a virtuous person or an unscrupulous person. If you seek talent in this way, you will not regret it.

Brief comment: Su Sui's way of employing people with idealism, in fact, even if the use of the nine products of the positive system is also under the banner of meritocracy, Su Sui's contribution is that he clearly opposes the door, writing as the only standard for talents, and put morality in the first place, from the virtuous people to select officials who can do things, for this he proposed a new method of selecting talents, that is, to observe what he did in the past, give him a chance to practice, and finally enrich people with both ability and political integrity into all levels of government.

As a child of the family, it is indeed not easy for Su Sui to have this insight, of course, it may not work if he has ideas, he only proposed the selection of minor officials below the state officials, and has not yet touched the vital interests of the family. Article 5 of the Six Edicts, compassionate prison lawsuits. (Prudent use of criminal punishment) trial and punishment is an important business in the life of officials, and it is also a sign of social justice

When properly applied, criminal law can play a role in cracking down on crime and promoting righteousness. On the contrary, the improper application of criminal law and even the creation of unjust prisons have caused the people to complain, causing social instability. To this end, Su Sui discussed the purpose of punishment, the method of adjudicating the case, and the result of the judgment, criticized the style of cool officials who advocated strict punishment and strict law, and put forward a new view of prison litigation that would rather let the bad people go than wronged the good people. Su Hui held that officials at all levels must be cautious in using criminal punishment when adjudicating cases, and only by making fair judgments and properly rewarding and punishing can they play a role in stopping evil and promoting good.

He wrote in the Six Edicts that people are born by the qi of yin and yang, and have a natural and affectionate nature, and although their nature is good, their emotions can make people evil, and since good and evil are clearly distinguished, rewards and punishments must follow. If the rewards and punishments are reasonable, they can promote the good and stop the evil, otherwise, the people will fall into a situation of confusion, and then resentment and rebellion will arise. Because of this, the wise kings of the previous generations attached great importance to rewards and punishments, and especially proposed caution.

What is caution? That is, the official responsible for adjudicating the case should devote all his heart to clarifying the facts of the case, find out the problems behind the problem, and restore the truth of the case. In this regard, Su Xuan proposed that the trial and verdict should be divided into three steps: First, it is necessary to use the method of five hearings to interrogate criminal suspects, obtain confessions from criminals, and draw basic conclusions.

Author's note: Five listening is one of the ancient methods of judging cases proposed in "Zhou Guan", this system includes "five listening", "eight discussions", "three stabs", "three you", "three amnesty", the so-called "five listening", one is to listen to words, two is to listen to color, three is to listen to qi, four is to listen to the ear, and five is to listen to the eye.

It is to detect the suspect from five aspects: voice tone, facial expressions, rapid breathing, hearing and eyes. Second, the evidence obtained is used to verify the conclusions reached by the interrogation, so as to deduce the process of unraveling the case, find the hidden secrets, and let the evil acts be hidden and the criminals have no escape.

Third, after the facts of the case are grasped, the judgment should be made in accordance with the provisions of the law applicable to the facts of the crime, and the sentence for the principal offender should be as light as possible, and the accomplice should be sentenced as lightly as possible. Regarding the results of the officials' trial and judgment, Su Sui believes that there are no more than three situations:

Superior: The judgment is reasonable, can carefully consider the etiquette system and the law, the verdict is very popular, publicizes and educates, and the crime is deserved. Medium: It is impossible for everyone to be extraordinary, so there must be something unexpected or negligent when investigating the case. (To be continued......)