cabinet

The cabinet of the Ming Dynasty was first established for the Ming Dynasty. It was the emperor's advisory body from 1402 (the fourth year of Jianwen) to 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen) of the Ming Dynasty, and then gradually increased its power, and later formed the administrative center of the Ming Dynasty. The number of auxiliary ministers in the cabinet ranges from one to seven, and the auxiliary ministers are sent to go out to do business, and most of them call themselves cabinet ministers. Ming Taizu abolished the prime minister. At first, the cabinet scholars only had the status of advisors, and the emperor had the power to make final decisions, and the scholars rarely had the opportunity to participate in the decision. By the time of Ming Renzong and Ming Xuanzong, the scholars were able to accumulate to the status of the prince's three orphans because of the kindness of the prince's teacher, and their status became more and more respected. During the Xuanzong period, no matter how big or small the imperial court was, Xuanzong consulted the views of the scholar Yang Shiqi and decided. Although the secretary of the ministry, Jianyi, and the secretary of the household department, Xia Yuanji, were able to participate in the affairs of the ministries when they were summoned, they were far less than Yang Shiqi and other cabinet members who were able to meet in person. Since then, the power of the cabinet has increased day by day, and by the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Xia Yan, Yan Song and others were in charge of the cabinet, and their status was imposing as the real prime minister, and they could also suppress the six ministries[2].

In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, killed Hu Weiyong, the prime minister of the left, dismissed the Zhongshu Province, abolished the prime minister, and divided the power of the Zhongshu Province to the six ministries, and the six ministries directly adhered to the emperor's will. At the beginning, the four auxiliary officials were named, in the names of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and they were abolished soon after. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, imitating the system of the Song Dynasty, the palace pavilion scholars were set up, and at that time there were the names of the scholars such as the Huagai Palace, the Wuying Palace, the Wenyuan Pavilion, the East Pavilion, and the Wenhua Palace, which was later called the "Cabinet". At the beginning of the establishment, the position of a university scholar was in charge of "serving left and right, preparing consultants", and the rank was positive five grades. When he became an ancestor, the scholars began to participate in the preparation of the aircraft, and during the time of Renzong, the power of the ministers gradually increased. By the time of King Sejong's Jiajing, the Huagai Hall was changed to the Middle Pole Hall, and the Jinshen Hall was built to the Pole Hall, and the title of the minister was changed. The class of the scholar was listed above the six books, and he became the de facto prime minister, and the chief scholar was called "Shoufu", and he was extremely powerful.

Six

There were six departments in the center of the Ming Dynasty. There is a person in the Ministry of Officials, one person on the left and right waiters, and there are four Qing Officials Division (Wen Xuan, Seal Inspection, Honor, and Merit), each department has one person in the Lang, one person outside the staff, and one person in charge of the officer. The Ministry of Officials has a special weight of power and is the head of the six departments. There is a Shangshu in the household department, one person on the left and one waiter, and there are thirteen Qing officials (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Shandong, Fujian, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), and each department has Langzhong, Wailang, and other officials. There are also some institutions directly under the Ministry of Households, such as the Treasure Banknote Lifting Division, the Banknote Printing Bureau, the Guangying Warehouse, and the Military Storage Warehouse. There is a Shangshu in the Ministry of Rites, one person on the left and one waiter, and there are four Qing officials (rituals, sacrifices, guests and guests, and fine meals), and each department has Langzhong, Wailang, and other officials. In addition, it has jurisdiction over the Casting and Printing Bureau. There is a Shangshu in the military department, one person on the left and one waiter, and there are four Qing officials under it (Wu Xuan, Staff, Che Driver, and Arsenal), and each division has Lang Zhong, Wai Lang, and the chief officer. In addition, it has jurisdiction over institutions such as the Association and the Cultural Center. There is a Shangshu in the Criminal Department, one person on the left and one waiter, and there are thirteen Qing officials under it (the branch is the same household department). Each department has Langzhong, Wailang, Principal and other officials. There is a Shangshu in the Ministry of Industry, one person on the left and one waiter, and there are four Qing officials under the Department (Yingxi, Yuheng, Dushui, Tuntian), and each department has Langzhong, Wailang, and other officials. In addition, it has jurisdiction over the Baoyuan Bureau, the Ordnance Bureau and other institutions.

Metropolitan Inspectorate

In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, he dismissed Shitai. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, the Metropolitan Procuratorate was replaced. The left capital of the imperial history of the capital of the inspection institute, and the right capital of the imperial history of the same two products. Left and right vice-capital imperial history, is three products. Left and right are all imperial history, is four products. There are 110 people in the 13 supervising imperial history, and there are seven products. Du Yushi, "Rectify the impeachment of the hundred divisions, identify the wrongs, and supervise the various ways, as the division of the ears and eyes of the Son of Heaven." The duty of the Thirteen Departments to supervise the imperial history is to "investigate and correct the official evils of the hundreds of internal and external departments, or to impeach them in the face of the seal, or to impeach them with seals." In the two capitals to brush the scroll, inspect the Beijing camp, supervise the township, the examination and the martial arts, inspect the Guanglu, inspect the warehouse, inspect the inner library, the imperial city, the five cities, and take turns to board the drum. Outside the patrol press, Qing army, admiral school, tea horse, patrol, patrol, transport, Indian horse, Tuntian. Divisions and divisions supervise military discipline". The patrol is called "patrolling on behalf of the Son of Heaven". The procuratorial power of the Ming Dynasty was very high, and the level of supervision of the imperial history was not high, but the power was great when he went out to inspect.

General Envoy Division

Hongwu has been in the political envoy for ten years. "Politics is like water, and you want it to be normal, so you are a famous official who is 'through politics'." The political envoy, "the matter of the internal and external chapters of the palm is sparse and refuted", is the third product. There is one person on the left and right sides of the government, one person for the right and one for the right government, and there are four products. Left and right senators, positive five products. Internal and external sparseness, must be through the political secretary, the self-enclosed can be refutated. The court will introduce the words of the subjects, and secrets will be played from time to time. If there is a mistake, you will be invited. "Anyone who discusses major policies, prisons, and ministers of literature and martial arts will participate." The general envoy was one of the "Great Nine Qings" of the Ming Dynasty.

Dali Temple

Dali Qing is in charge of Dali Temple, and it is three products. Left and right Shaoqing, is the fourth product. Left and right temple Cheng, is five products. Dali Qing is in charge of the "decree of trial and rehabilitation". The left and right temples are divided into Gyeonggi and Thirteen Political Divisions. Dali Temple, together with the Criminal Department and the Inspectorate, is collectively known as the "Three Law Divisions", and will try heavy cases. Dali Qing and the six Shangshu, the Zuodu Imperial History, and the General Political Envoy are collectively known as the "Great Nine Qing".

Hallym Temple

Hallym Academy is equivalent to the current national university and executive college. Bachelor of Hallym (Zheng Wupin) is in charge of Hallym Academy. There are also two bachelors and two bachelors, and they are from the five grades. There are two attendants and two attendants, and there are six products. The champion in the temple pilot will be awarded the revision (from the six grades); Bang eye, explore flowers, and give editing (positive seven products). He is in charge of the edicts, annals, Wenhan, lectures on the history of the scriptures, and the revision of national history. [4]

Guozijian

Palm education. Sacrificial wine is in charge of the country, from the four products. The deputy is the business, and he is six products. There are also doctors of the Five Classics, teaching assistants, and scholars. There are five halls (rope hall, doctor hall, book hall, classic book hall, palm food hall) and six halls (spontaneous, monastic, sincere, righteous, chongzhi, and Guangye). After the capital was moved to Beijing, Nanjing still set up the Guozijian, which was called the "Southern Prison" at the time, and Beijing was called the "Northern Prison".

Six subjects

That is, officials, households, rites, soldiers, criminals, and workers. He is in charge of the attendants, admonishes, mending, picking up relics, and inspecting the affairs of the six departments. Yes, one person is given to each of them, one person is given to each of them on the left and right, and a mid-level official is given to them.

Five temples

The Five Temples are the abbreviations of the Five Yamen, including Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taifu Temple, and Honglu Temple. Dali Temple: Equivalent to today's court, it is the highest appellate organ in the country. Together with the Inspectorate and the Criminal Department, it forms the Three Law Divisions. Taijoji Temple: In charge of the sacrifice. Guanglu Temple: The supervisor of the banquet. Taifu Temple: Guanma. Honglu Temple: Entertain foreign guests.

Zhan Shi Mansion

Zhan Shifu is the institution responsible for assisting the prince, with one person in the third product Zhan Shi, one person in the fourth product and one person in the Shao Zhan Shi, and one person in the Zhengliu Rank. Zhan Shifu has left and right spring squares, economic bureaus, and main book halls.

Too Hospital

The Tai Hospital manages the diagnosis and pharmacy of the court and the aristocracy, and sets up one envoy of the Fifth Rank Academy, two people from the Sixth Rank Academy, four imperial doctors of the Eighth Grade, and several officials from the Ninth Grade.