Article 847 Peace Conference, Currency, Trade II
The "Bancor" calculation method proposed by Keynes is of course unacceptable, the British Empire before the world war was barely regarded as the world hegemon, although the real powers are not as good as Britain, but the "scale advantage" of others still exists, India has not become independent, the colonies in the South Seas are still there, and the import and export trade of the entire British Empire accounts for as much as 30% of the global import and export trade! If the basic "Banko" is distributed according to this ratio, how can China, the United States and Germany agree?
However, Chang Ruiqing knows that Keynes's idea of "International Settlement Union" and "world currency" is still right! The hegemony of the dollar in later generations was really not a benign international monetary system, which not only gave the United States the power to issue paper money indiscriminately and plunder the world's wealth, but also caused the "competitive currency devaluation" in which some countries deliberately lowered the exchange rate of their own currencies in order to enhance the competitiveness of their own commodities. From the point of view of rationality and fairness, it is really better for the hegemony of the US dollar, which is completely controlled by the United States, to be jointly controlled by the world's major powers.
As one of the two biggest winners of World War II, the future federation does not need to import energy, ore and grain from the world, and the federation can be self-sufficient, so there is no need for the federation to seek a huge trade surplus - it is meaningless to exchange its own resources, environment and labor for the United States' butt paper. If the central bank is allowed to buy almost all the inflow of dollars with over-issued currency to depress the exchange rate of the Chinese dollar, and then open its eyes and say that it has not manipulated the exchange rate, it will be even more nonsense, except for causing the inflation of domestic asset bubbles and inflation. As for stimulating employment or something, uh, if the products produced at the expense of China's resources, environment and labor are "sent" to the United States as a way to stimulate employment, then why not just throw the products into the Pacific Ocean? At the very least, this will not create a surplus of domestic liquidity, or there will be no excuse for creating a surplus of domestic liquidity......
Therefore, Chang Ruiqing, the current premier of the Great China Federation, has no idea of letting the country he leads become the world's factory, and he sincerely pursues a balance between international trade and investment. Therefore, Keynes's world monetary system that can avoid "competitive currency devaluation" and "indiscriminate currency issuance" is quite to his taste. Moreover, it is more likely to be implemented than the three-pole world monetary system of US dollar, mark, and Chinese yuan originally envisioned by Chang Ruiqing, and it is also extremely convenient to operate.
Thinking of this, a smile gradually appeared on Chang Ruiqing's face. After standing up and walking a few steps back and forth in the living room, he stopped in front of the wall where the large world map was hung, looked at the vast territory of the future Great China on the map, and said thoughtfully: "We should support the Keynesian plan in principle, and we must not allow the dollar to gain the status of a world currency!" However, we cannot agree with the British on the question of how to distribute Bancor's share, and the pre-war situation of international imports and exports is of no reference value, because the post-war world is completely different from the pre-war world. We should put forward our own opinions, Mr. Zhongkai, what do you say? ”
"Prime Minister. My idea is that the Bancor distribution scheme should take into account the territorial area, population and gross national product of the post-war countries, and of course, the military strength of each country. Liao Zhongkai pondered: "Considering the area and population is definitely beneficial to our Great China Federation, because we have the largest population and the largest territorial area. The British are probably acceptable as well. Their territory is not small now, and if they receive 30 million Russians after the war, the population will not be small. Considering the gross national product is to take into account the interests of the United States and Germany, of course, in terms of the specific calculation method, we may be able to focus on the gross national product, and we are not too small in this regard......"
"The key is military strength!" Chang Ruiqing smiled coldly. interrupted: "What territorial area, population, gross national product, this is all virtual, only military strength is the most real!" In terms of Bancor distribution, Germany is certainly the largest share. We should be second, the Yankees third, Britain fourth, Italy fifth, France sixth, and other small countries that do not enter the stream can just divide a little. ”
Wang Jingwei suddenly frowned and interjected: "This Banke distribution plan seems to be to conjure up a large amount of capital out of thin air for us and Germany, right?" So will the 'debt restructuring plan' we reached with the United States still be implemented? ”
"Of course it's going to be implemented, one yard is one yard!" Chang Ruiqing smiled and said: "Our Huayuan is to be linked to Banke, if Banke flows into the United States." Isn't the issuance of Huayuan going to be restricted? So asking Americans to borrow money is a must. ”
"But will the Americans say yes?"
"Of course I will!" Chang Ruiqing smiled and said: "Actually, this approach is also good for the United States. They are now the world's largest trade surplus and now own 75% of the world's gold reserves, albeit at a loss on the distribution of basic banko. But it will soon be possible to earn back through guò international trade. ”
Liao Zhongkai nodded and said: "The Americans can only agree, the interests of the international currency issuance right are too great, and it is not possible to swallow this piece of fat without strong economic strength, and it will not work without the support of a gun." But there is no way to force the United States to make repeated concessions by military force alone, right? If we want to promote a world currency and ask the Americans to buy a lot of our public bonds, the Americans will probably not agree, right? After all, they also have nuclear fission bombs now, and it is impossible for us and Germany to really fight with the United States......"
"Of course it won't really fight, if the United States is defeated, the Germans will dominate the white world, and then we East Asian yellow people will have no good fruit to eat!" Chang Ruiqing smiled and said, "Aren't there still trade and investment rules?" Perhaps we can give the Americans a little sweetness in this regard, in exchange for their concessions on the world monetary system. ”
"In terms of trade and investment? Prime Minister, what do you mean......" Liao Zhongkai was a little stunned, Chang Ruiqing's previous attitude seemed to be to keep American capital and products out of the country as much as possible, why is he ready to make concessions in trade and investment now?
Chang Ruiqing paced a few steps in the room, and said with a slight smile: "In terms of trade, my view has always been to pursue trade balance, but this is the general direction, it does not mean that we cannot afford a short-term trade deficit, in fact, we have suffered a trade deficit for more than ten years before the war. In terms of investment, I am not rejective of foreign investment, but I am not particularly welcome. Supporting our own consortium is the long-term solution. He paused for a moment and then said: "In the past, we practiced a planned economy in the field of trade and investment, relying on gold exchange control and the instructions of the State Development Planning Commission for regulation and control. This set of methods is very effective in the period of war preparation and war, and the limited funds can be used for projects closely related to the military industry, and the biggest reason why we won the world war is this set of national socialist economic management methods, but this set of methods is not applicable to the post-war period. ”
The National Socialist approach is undoubtedly a great antidote for a fledgling economy, which is led by the government and concentrates material and financial resources on the industries that are most helpful for strengthening the national strength or developing the economy, perhaps heavy industry and military industry. Maybe it's the export processing industry, maybe it's the electronics and automotive industry. Germany (Second Empire, Third Reich) and the Great China Federation in this time and space, and the Celestial Empire in another time and space also have the Asian Three Little Tigers (excluding Hong Kong, where it is OK to build only super-expensive houses) in the stage of economic development take-off. They all use the National Socialist method of managing the economy, and of course the signboard is not necessarily National Socialist.
However, this kind of government-led practice of substituting the market for a certain number of years by government directives will certainly not work if it continues to be implemented. On the one hand, the government's long-term substitution of the market and the selection of "winners" will inevitably result in close relations with politicians rather than truly competitive enterprises coming to the fore. On the other hand, before and after the war, the federal government's economic and industrial development goals were very clear, which was to give priority to heavy industry and military industry. But what kind of industries should the government focus on supporting after the war? Although Chang Ruiqing still has a golden finger to use in this regard, he still believes that the role of a good market economic mechanism in promoting the long-term development of the economy of the Great China Federation is far greater than that of a few golden fingers -- the market should ultimately be left to the market itself to solve. Rather than relying on a God-like government that thinks it is omnipotent.
"But Prime Minister, did you not refuse the request for market development and investment in your negotiations with Mr. Hopkins......" Liao Zhongkai said with a puzzled expression.
"Mr. Zhongkai, don't you understand? The prime minister is using the opening of markets and investment as a bargaining chip. Wang Jingwei has been foreign minister for many years, and he knows all too well the trick of bargaining in diplomatic negotiations.
"Zhaoming is right, opening up the market and investment is our bargaining chip." Chang Ruiqing said with a smile: "Those big companies and big conglomerates in the United States dream of entering the vast markets of Asia and Europe, and the US government has been clamoring for an open door. Now they don't have the military strength to smash the gateway to Asia and Europe, so they can only discuss it with us, Zhong Kai. Do you think we should open our mouths and slaughter the Americans? I guess Roosevelt was also anxious to make a difference in the liberalization of international trade and investment, right? He, the president, is no longer skilled in fighting wars. If they could no longer open up markets in Europe and Asia for their domestic conglomerates, he would have participated in the presidential election in November this year. ”
Liao Zhongkai and Wang Jingwei's eyes lit up, what country is the United States, they still don't know? It's a merchant country! Monopoly conglomerates are the real masters of the United States. President Roosevelt was actually an agent of the consortium, and the most fundamental purpose of the United States in participating in this world war was also to knock on the door of the Asian and European markets for those big corporations. It's a pity that the U.S. ** team's performance on the battlefield can only be described as bad, and in the end it became a "winning country", but the big American conglomerates have made a lot of money one by one, and now they are thinking about coercing huge sums of money to enter the old continent of Eurasia that has been ravaged by war! If Roosevelt still wants to be president for four more years, can he not make a good statement in this regard?
……
In Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, at the White House, Roosevelt took an urgent telegram from Weidemeyer, head of the US delegation to Germany, and said to MacArthur with a frown: "It seems that the world war will soon end, and there will be a German-speaking master on the European continent, and more than 300 million white people of nearly 10 million square kilometers will bow down under the banner of the Iron Cross......
MacArthur was also extremely distressed, in his opinion, in fact, the United States' military strength is not so weak, and the reason why it did not perform well on the battlefield was mainly because it rushed into battle without preparation, and there were obvious mistakes in command, so Japan, the Soviet Union, and India were bullied. By the time the U.S. ** team was fully ready, the world war was already coming to an end, and there was no chance to show Xiàn at all.
"Mr. President. The US Army is now not afraid of any enemy, whether they are from Europe or Asia! As for the US Navy, it is the most powerful in the world, even if all the maritime forces of Europe and Asia combined, they are not their opponents! ”
Roosevelt let out a long sigh and puffed out smoke: "Mr. General, the world war will soon be over, and the United States has missed the opportunity and will not come again...... The world of the future can only be jointly led by China, the United States and Germany, and there is no way to do it, unless the American people are willing to fight another world war. ”
MacArthur also smiled bitterly: "No one will agree." This is simply impossible, especially under the pattern of nuclear war...... The Chinese and Germans have already dropped 7 nuclear fission bombs on the heads of the Soviets, two of which were also dropped in two large cities of the USSR, killing hundreds of thousands of civilians! This kind of thing is just outrageously cruel. PRESIDENT, do you think it is really appropriate to go to Berlin for peace conferences after the nuclear explosions in Leningrad and Smolensk? ”
"Inappropriate should also go, otherwise the United States will be excluded from the core of world power." Roosevelt took a few more puffs of his cigarette, then turned to Hopkins and said, "Harry, what do you think?" Can the United States ignore Europe and Asia and practice its isolationism? ”
Hopkins shook his head, after the news of the nuclear explosions in Leningrad and Smolensk spread throughout the United States. Ethnic Russians in the United States held demonstrations one after another to protest against Germany's war atrocities. Republican presidential candidate Alf Murphy. In order to curry favor with Russian voters, Langdon even called on Roosevelt not to attend the Berlin Peace Conference unless Germany and China pledged not to drop nuclear fission bombs on Soviet civilians. However, this is the kind of thing that the opposition presidential candidate can say. Roosevelt in Korea could not do that at all, because the United States still wanted something from the negotiating table at the Berlin Peace Conference that it could not get on the battlefield!
Besides, the United States can practice isolationism politically, but it cannot practice isolationism economically, because the United States now has a very surplus of industrial production and capital at home, and urgently needs to export to the outside world. Although the market in Latin America is not small, it has long been the backyard of American capital, and all the more profitable areas are controlled by American monopoly consortia. So Latin America belongs to the meat in the bowl. Of course, it is not as attractive as the two pieces of meat that are still on the plate in Asia and Europe.
And in the eyes of the big capitalists in the United States. The market capacity and development prospects of Latin America, where dictatorships are rampant, cannot be compared with Greater East Asia and Greater Europe, which have embarked on the evil path of democratic constitutionalism and won the world war. The former is just an export of cheap raw materials and a dumping place for products that are not too big, while the latter is a big market with a real future. If we don't seize it as soon as possible, it won't be long before local consortia in Asia and Europe will grow, and it won't be easy to get into it.
"President, you must go to Berlin, even if you can't knock on the door of Greater Europe and Greater East Asia right away," Hopkins pondered, "because after the war is over, China and Germany will establish effective domination over Greater East Asia and the European continent, and our leadership in the Americas is not secure, and if they can't reach a compromise with China and Germany, they are likely to install some South American power against the United States." ”
MacArthur also nodded slightly, he didn't care whether the American monopoly consortium could enter the European and Asian markets smoothly, but he couldn't tolerate China and Germany sticking their claws into the back garden of Latin America! But the question is, if China and Germany really do this, what can the United States do? It's the age of nuclear fission bombs! As long as China and Germany export nuclear bomb technology to Brazil or Argentina and support them to be the leaders of South America, the United States will have no place to cry! Therefore, it is necessary to use the opportunity of the Berlin Peace Conference to determine the sphere of influence of the Big Three and Britain, and it is completely worthwhile to make certain economic compromises for this purpose.
"So Berlin must go," Roosevelt laughed, and then said to MacArthur, "General, how is the current development of GC International in South America?" Is it possible for a GCD-led uprising to break out? ”
MacArthur frowned slightly: "I'm afraid it's a little difficult, I'll go to General Donovan to discuss, maybe I can try it......"
"Let's give it a try," Roosevelt said after a moment of thought, "history has little time left for the United States, and there are not many opportunities, and we must firmly grasp it, and we must never miss it again." He looked at Hopkins: "Harry, it's getting late, let's get ready to leave for Berlin." ”