Comparing the two, the historian of Qianlong's revision of the actual record changed the original "thought" to "planning", removed the word Lu, and then changed "with management of opinions" to "exhaustive knowledge", although it was only a small change, obviously making it more elegant and slightly literate. To give another example, Yuan Shu said that "the Shahebao officials found the escapees, which meant that they were concerned about their heads". What do you mean by "finding a fugitive"? The presentation is too incoherent. The Qianlong version was changed to "investigate and send the people who fled to return to me", which immediately made people understand their intentions, knowing that it was the officials of the Ming Dynasty who found out and returned the people who fled from Houjin. As for the so-called "head tightly looking at the head", it is obviously a local colloquial language, which is not easy for people in other provinces to know, and the Qianlong version was changed to "it is just a temporary rescue of the current urgency", which greatly improved the level of its written expression. The similar disadvantages of the full text are easy to pick up, and I will not repeat them.

Second, at this time, Fan Wencheng was still quite naïve in military and political affairs, his knowledge was not high, his discussions were not incisive, and he did not understand the shape of the Later Jin and Ming Dynasty thoroughly. Fan Wencheng and Ning Wan, like most Han officials who reduced the Jin, tried their best to advocate the use of troops against the Ming Dynasty, and went deep into the Ming Dynasty in a big way, and went straight to the Beijing Division. This discussion is too biased, too urgent and too dangerous, and if we act accordingly, the consequences are unimaginable. First of all, in terms of the conditions of Houjin itself, in this case, the Jurchen men are only about 60,000, plus one banner of the Han army and one banner of Mongolia, a total of ten banners, and the number of Ding will not exceed 80,000, and among the Baylor and ministers, some have begun to enjoy and corrupt, and their morale has weakened compared with before. The Han people in Liaodong were slaughtered, migrated, and confiscated as slaves because of the abuse of the former Khan Nurhachi in his later years. The economic crisis was also quite severe, and four years ago, there was a "great hunger in the country". The price of rice is eight taels of silver. A cow sells for a hundred taels of silver. A good horse is worth three hundred taels of silver, and a piece of cloth is worth nine taels, and there is a tragic scene of "cannibalism".

As for the peripheral shape shì, it is also not good. In the south of Korea, Huai Tiancong was forced to make an alliance under the city in the first year and succumbed to the new hatred of Jin, but also remembered the long-term history of more than 200 years of loyalty to the Ming Dynasty, and was determined to get rid of the oppression of the Later Jin and unite with the Ming to fight against the Jin. In the northeast, Lin Dan Khan of the Mongol Chahar tribe fled in the starry night. But it is not gone, and it could come back at any time. The Ming State in the west, although it had been defeated by Jin several times, but the territory was vast, the people were many, the population exceeded that of Houjin by hundreds of times, and the Ming army was dozens of times that of the Eight Banners Army, and in the fourth year of Tiancong, it recovered Yongping and Zunhua four prefectures and counties, forcing the brave and warlike two big Belle Amin wolves to flee back to Shenyang. Houjin was in a difficult situation of being surrounded on all sides. Under the conditions of instability in the rear, the enemy on the back, and the enemy being outnumbered, they are not fully prepared. It is not easy to go on an expedition to Kyoto, a large country thousands of miles away. If you can't get it right, you will be cut off from the back road, and if you want to return to your hometown, you can't, so you can enter the Forbidden City and enter the Central Plains. Therefore, the clever Huang Taiji was not in a hurry to fly to Yanjing, and later reprimanded the Han officials for this view as a fallacy. What's more, this expedition was originally to attack Lin Dan Khan, but he fled far away in advance, the Eight Banners Army chased for more than 40 days, and even the shadow of the Mongolian Great Khan was not seen, the saddle horse was tired, there was a lack of water and food, and the gains outweighed the losses. Therefore, Fan Wencheng's plan for the three of them is actually the next policy, which is contrary to the policy of Emperor Taiji of Tiancong Khan.

Of course, Ning Wan, Fan Wencheng, and Ma Guozhu were not incompetent, and at that time, Houjin was indeed regarded as a wise man with outstanding talents, Ning and Fan Hou were both university scholars, and Ma Ren was the governor of Jiangnan, Jiangxi, and Henan provinces with the title of secretary of the Ministry of Soldiers. There are at least two points that are well explained, one is that after looking around the military situation, they realized that the upper and lower ranks of the Later Jin State "all regard the Han people as strange goods" (the Qianlong version was changed to "all aim to take the Ming"), and they must go deeper; Second, they strongly advocate making decisions as soon as possible, "if you enter, you will benefit from going deeper, and if you don't enter, you will return to the army." They cannot return halfway. Therefore, although Huang Taiji did not listen to the in-depth discussion of the three, he still praised it!

Ning Wan I, the word Gongfu, a native of Liaoyang (now Liaoning), was a minister in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Later Jin Mandate (1616-1626), Nurhachi was descended and the Han army was under the red flag. He successively served as a scholar of the Inner Hongwen Academy, a minister of parliament, and a prince and prince.

At the beginning of his career, he dared to speak out and was proficient in literature and history. repeatedly built yì; The official system, the color of the uniform, the strategy of cutting and clearing, and the examination of the official are mostly adopted. Good gambler, once dismissed. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, he was reinstated and served as the president of the revision of the "History of the Ming Dynasty", the president of the "Taizong Record" and the president of the three sessions. Translated "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Hongwu Sermon", etc.

Ma Guozhu, a native of Liaoyang, is under the white flag of the Han Army.

Tiancong room, to the living straight text museum. In the sixth year, Hu Gongming, Zhusheng, asked for more support for the old practice, and the national pillar was sparse, saying: "The family is a name for the country, the grandfather of the Jews, the children of the Zhubeile, and the wives and children of the people." The grandfather is in charge of the family, and the children are happy and happy, with different likes and dislikes, and they can't be forced to obey. In our country, there are many poor and lowly people who are upright, and many rich and noble people who are greedy. Is it righteous and evil, and wants the prosperity of the country? It is advisable to pay tribute to the discussion, regardless of the old and the new, and raise them on the top. If it is suspected that the eight families divided people and supported the old emperor, although the first emperor said that he divided the support, he gave one person to take away the exercise. Comparing the past and the present, what is the result? Those who are good at following their aspirations are called great filial piety. The first emperor should also change his old habits to this day. If it is beneficial to the country, what is the suspicion? And it is beneficial to the eight families, and the upper one is good at it, and it is impossible to do it; Today, raising people is labor, although it is specialized, what harm is mediocrity? ”

First of all, Guozhu and Gao Hongzhong, Bao Chengxian, Ning Wanme, Fan Wencheng and others jointly asked for a spokesman, which was sparse and declared; And those who talk about current affairs in the books, Hu Yingyuan, Xu Mingyuan, Xu Shichang, and Qiu Zhen Shuzhong are often and is. Ming Yuan, the official of the Ming Army, descended from Yongping, and was subordinated to the yellow flag. Loose and please prohibit the union, set the law, the system of the establishment of the Guantun general examination class and the dethronement of the Zhizhi, the prohibition of the management of the station will be the official and the soldier, the prohibition of the eight gates of the prison shall not use heavy scales, the exile household registration, the redundant officials are recorded, and the good people of the revolution are prostitutes. Shichang, Zhenghongqi Niu Lu Zhangjing. Shu and please set the name of the first emperor and build a book. Earthquake, Ming Wu Jinshi, Du Du Governor. Shu signed the "captive", and asked to translate the history of the book, Shen Law, Jian Xiancai, and Ming Tonghe. The Imperial Taiji Rite Department set up a branch to take scholars, and the Chinese style is to lift people, and the national pillar is Yan. Naobunkan is the same.

In this campaign, the Houjin army used its own red-coated cannons, and the Houjin had an independent firearms battalion, which played an important role in the future campaign to unify the Central Plains.

In this battle, more than 70 generals of the Ming army were captured, many of whom were high-ranking generals. This policy achieved a good response, because these high-ranking officials of the Ming Dynasty entered the ruling class, changed the political structure of the Later Jin regime, and further imperceptibly spread Han culture in the Later Jin State, which played an important role in the ideological revolution within the Later Jin Dynasty in the future.

This battle destroyed one of the most effective armies outside the pass, the so-called "Guanning Iron Cavalry", and the elite of the Ming army outside the pass was only the more than 10,000 Ming troops in the Dalinghe Castle.

At this time, the Manchus were similar to the Japanese in later generations, they had to rely on the scum of the Han people to complete many political tasks and military strategies, and they could never rely on their own people.

In all fairness, the Manchus were able to finally gain the world, the difficulty was the most difficult for all dynasties, even the Mongols who had a huge territory, could not be compared with the Manchus, in the hands of Genghis Khan and his descendants, at that time, because the Yuan Dynasty mainly used cavalry, the speed was three times that of the infantry, and at that time firearms were only available in the Yuan Dynasty, whether it was offensive or defensive, there was a greater advantage.

At that time, the firearms of the Yuan Dynasty were the best in the world, and they could shoot about 200 meters, while ordinary bows and arrows at that time could only shoot more than 50 meters. And firearms can shoot two or three shots a minute, ordinary bows and arrows can only shoot one, firearms kill five people at a time and bows and arrows kill at most one person, such combat ability does not make the world look sideways?

The Yuan Dynasty was also very capable of advancing into battle. It is said that the soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty were able to kill three people at a time, and the long sabers used played an important role in the attack on the European knights, known as the "Iron Armor Heroes". Because the knights used cross spears, and the horses and men were heavily armoured, the armor of this cavalry regiment did not have neck guards. Since then, the European Order of Knights has ceased to exist zài. (To be continued......)