The party's hidden front was at a stage where the foundation was created and suffered heavy setbacks. During this period, the foundation was laid, but it suffered serious setbacks, and the period of the Great Revolution and the Agrarian Revolution was from the twenties to 1937. Why should China first engage in covert struggle in modern times? Because China is not like Western countries in modern times, it is a dark society without freedom and democracy, and foreigners often cannot understand the Chinese at that time.

The American prisoners of war we captured in the middle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, gave them class education, and released "The White-Haired Girl", the Americans were inexplicable, why didn't Yang Bailao go to the court to sue Huang Shiren? They didn't understand that China didn't have such conditions at that time, and it was a completely dark and authoritarian society. Back then, it was not called the Communist Party, it was called the radical party, and if you were a little too radical, you would be arrested immediately.

Even Sun Yat-sen's activities back then were secret, so how could the Qing government allow parties to exist? The existence of parties is simply not allowed. Later, when the Kuomintang came to power, it did not allow other parties to exist, and it was not until the forties that the royal parties were allowed to exist, such as the Young People's Party and the Democratic Socialist Party, and four years earlier the Kuomintang did not allow the existence of a second party. In such a situation, you will have no way to engage in an open struggle, only a covert struggle.

The party's first congress is to engage in clandestine activities. After the first congress, Chen Duxiu served as secretary and was immediately arrested, and later the Comintern paid thousands of dollars to bail him out. At that time, you did not have the conditions for legal activities at all, what did the Party Central Committee do later? From 1923 to 1927, the secret organ of the Party Central Committee was located in a small and chaotic alley in Zhabei District, Shanghai.

The central organs are actually three Hunanese, Mao Zedong and his children are Hunanese, and Cai Hesen is also a good friend of Hunanese. Luo Zhanglong is also a native of Hunan. The three of them are in a courtyard in Zhabei District, Shanghai. This is, in fact, the secret organ of the Party Central Committee. Chen Duxiu lives in a small place, and sometimes he comes to the office to look at the documents and then leaves, which is the situation.

But the warlords at that time, who did not attach much importance to the Communist Party, did not seriously threaten them. So the Party Central Committee stayed in that alley for four years, and the authorities never found out, did not pay much attention to this matter, and the activities at that time were hidden.

In 1925, Sun Yat-sen was diagnosed with liver cancer in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. couldn't be cured, and died in Iron Lion Alley. As soon as he died, the Kuomintang began to split internally, and then the right demanded the elimination of the Communist Party. First of all, the spearhead of the first assassination was pointed at Liao Zhongkai, the leader of the left wing of the Kuomintang, who shot the murderer to death several times at the entrance of the party department, and after the murderer was wounded, he confessed to the next step - to kill the Communist Party.

At this time, Zhou Enlai understood that there was no way to defend himself without establishing his own secret security organization. After the assassination of Liao Zhongkai, Zhou Enlai established the first security work in the party in the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, which was established in 1925, but it was still very unsound at this time.

Autumn 1926. When Shanghai was preparing to organize an armed uprising of workers, a "red team" was established among the workers' pickets. At first, the "red team" was called the Red Terror Squad, and then the word "terrorism" was so bad that it was called the "dog squad". The "red team" mainly came back from the Soviet Union, and Gu Shunzhang, the leader of the workers' picket, was in charge, and later this guy became a traitor, so Chen Geng was responsible for leading the "dog fighting team" to eliminate the traitors among the workers.

Later, as soon as Zhang Zuolin's Fengjun entered Beijing, he began to pursue Li Dazhao, and Li Dazhao ran to the Soviet Embassy, which was in the eastern suburbs at that time, but Zhang Zuolin did not dare to arrest him, and later after obtaining the consent of various countries, he sent military police to rush in. After Li Dazhao was arrested, the northern organization was completely destroyed. You can't survive without experience in clandestine activities.

Before the "April 12" coup, Zhou Enlai had some secret insiders and some secret guards, but they were very unsound. With intelligence, there must also be an analysis agency, and the analysis of intelligence is sometimes more important than the collection of intelligence, and without an analysis agency, it is not clear whether it is true or false. At the time of the "April 12" coup, Zhou Enlai was in Shanghai, and suddenly, Chiang Kai-shek arrested people and shot them, which he did not expect in advance.

After absorbing this lesson, after Zhou Enlai escaped, the Party Central Committee moved to Wuhan and established a spy work office, with Gu Shunzhang as the specific person in charge, with four units under its jurisdiction, the intelligence unit, the security unit, the spy unit, and the bandit unit. At that time, the establishment of the special branch still played a major role in safeguarding the security of the central government.

In July 1927, when Wang Ching-wei turned his face, it was completely clear in advance that the Party Central Committee had safely and successfully transferred and had begun to organize armed struggle, which the Kuomintang did not know. But at this time it was broken, although the leaders of the Party Central Committee were safely transferred, the workers' and peasants' organizations and mass organizations below could not be transferred, and he gave you a suppression and massacre, and the losses were also very large, so all the work in the future went underground.

Chiang Kai-shek ruled China for more than twenty years and never reunified. From the present point of view, the Kuomintang was divided, and Chiang Kai-shek's power was the southeastern provinces, Ma Jiajun in the west, Li Zongren in Guangxi, and Chen Jitang in Guangdong, and he was never able to manage it; when Chiang Kai-shek was there, he was only a nominal leader, and he was divided internally, and the biggest problem was that he did not solve the problem of the peasants, nor did he solve the problem of the workers' cities, and even the rent reduction proposed by Sun Yat-sen was not implemented. It is precisely because he cannot solve social problems that he has been unpopular. The Communist Party's armed struggle and underground covert struggle have a most fundamental foundation.

When our party held the "87 Conference" in Wuhan, the meeting took place in the Hankou Russian Concession. The venue was also very secretive, and there were already some covert struggles at that time, and the delegates were concentrated for a week, and the meeting was only held for one day. None of the delegates can tell you the location, and there will be a traffic officer to take you to the pier, and you are only allowed to enter and exit, and you are not allowed to smoke.

At that time, it was so hot in August that the windows could not be opened to prevent the sound from leaking out, so I stayed in it for a week, and when we had a one-day meeting, it took another two days for the evacuation representatives, and one after a few hours, and only after dark could they get out. Deng Xiaoping and a Russian woman were in charge of the procurement work, and it was mainly the Russian women who came out to carry baskets to buy vegetables, which was a set of secret work methods explored at the beginning.

Beginning in the autumn of 1927, our Party began to launch an armed insurrection, and the work of the cities was to serve the armed struggle. But what is the relationship between the two sides? It's not very clear either, and it's not resolved. After the "87 Conference," the central authorities moved back to Shanghai. This is a law of covert and covert activities, and the more chaotic the place, the easier it is to carry out activities, and the more monolithic it is, the less easy it is to survive.

When I was in Hankou and Wuhan, there were 100,000 people in Wuchang, 2 or 30,000 people in Hanyang, and Hankou was the largest, with 1 million people. In fact, 1 million people is not that big, but now along the Hankou River there are several concessions, Hankou takes a rickshaw, goes up to talk to the rickshaw driver about where to go, and naturally pulls it in, after all, the place is small. Hankou has a population of 1 million, and Shanghai has a public concession, a French concession, a Japanese concession, and a Chinese territory ruled by the Kuomintang, with a population of more than 4 million.

At this time, the nominal leader of the Party Central Committee is Xiang Zhongfa, which is indeed designated by the Soviet Union, and the specific defense work is responsible for Zhongfa and Gu Shunzhang, who was later called the most dangerous traitor to the Communist Party of China Gu Shunzhang, this person does pose too much threat to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and only this one can find his photo, this person never took pictures, and later he defected and needed to find his appearance, there was no way to cut it out from a group photo, this person never took pictures.

At that time, the most serious weakness of the Party's activities and underground work was blind activism, a few people organized a riot, and as soon as the riot was launched, the masses were mobilized, and as soon as the riot was instigated, it was immediately eliminated. When there was no strength, he could only move in concealment, and later corrected the blind activism. Zhou Enlai returned to Shanghai after the failure of the Nanchang Uprising to preside over the work of the Central Committee, and re-established the "Special Branch", demanding that the party's work be completely professional and socialized.

To work in the Kuomintang enemy war zone, the biggest thing is to have a hidden identity first. This person must first have a profession to not be suspected, you are a jobless vagrant, even the landlord suspects, what do you do, especially a bachelor. He was working in Shanghai at the time, rented a house to live in, but told the landlord that I was a reporter, in fact, he didn't do interviews all day, and he was afraid of arousing suspicion, so he went out for a few hours when he had nothing to do.

At that time, there was a huge organ, and 120 people from the Central Propaganda Department rented a small building, what were you doing? The neighbors were suspicious, because there was no legitimate and legal disguise of identity. Zhou Enlai stressed the need to be professional and socialized, and he did this work at the beginning, which enabled the party's work to be restored and developed.

In addition, the special branch was established to defend the Party Central Committee, and Zhou Enlai stipulated three basic principles, the first is not to beat traitors indiscriminately, and only fight when the harm is great, this person has the party's secrets, and he is going to surrender and can be eliminated. Ordinary people are pessimistic and disappointed in the revolution, and if they are unwilling to do it, forget it, if they want to kill in this way, they will have no head, and they can only be individual. Another spy who is not allowed to fight openly, and the spy is lurking in the organ, and it will not work if it is not eliminated, such as the famous Kuomintang spies Dai Li, Mao Renfeng, etc., the Communist Party has never sent anyone to assassinate them. It is forbidden to kidnap votes, this is why Tekko has a clear political direction in the middle of the covert struggle, otherwise it will become a terrorist organization. From the beginning of its establishment, Zhou Enlai has given a correct direction. (To be continued......)