Chapter 439 Classification of State-owned Enterprises (I)
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Strictly speaking, this cannot completely eliminate the practice of "deception," but it is impossible to do so in the first place, and Hu Weidong's practice can limit "deception" to an acceptable range, so that future generations will not have such a fantasy as "yielding 10,000 catties per mu" and seriously harm the interests of the masses, and this is enough.
In addition, Hu Weidong considered that the rise of "pompous style" in the past three years in history was to blame the cadres below for deception in order to promote their ranks, but the excessively high targets set by the above were also an important inducement. Therefore, Hu Weidong deliberately inflated the "partial" (these two words are very important) economic indicators in 1939 to "lure the snake out of the hole", on the one hand, to find out outstanding cadres who would rather be blamed from above and insist on seeking truth from facts, and reuse them; On the other hand, some cadres who falsely reported figures in order to meet the targets were punished and punished, which can be regarded as an example of killing chickens and monkeys. Hu Weidong made full use of this opportunity to strike while the iron was hot, and formed a general understanding among the vast number of party members and cadres in the Central Plains Liberated Area that the nature of "cheating" was far more serious than the failure to complete the task index, "Failure to complete the task is a problem of ability (that is, at most it will only be demoted), and fooling the superiors is a political problem (this crime is serious)." ”。 In addition, Hu Weidong also asked the central authorities for punishment on the grounds that some economic indicators were set high, and told the cadres below that if the economic indicators above were really too high, as long as they did not deceive and deceive their superiors, even if they could not complete the task, the responsibility would not lie with them. On the other hand, it is used as a precedent to determine that the leadership of the main decision-maker must be held accountable for decision-making mistakes
And after this turmoil, the honest character, not the slippery cadres are more and more important, on the contrary, those who are talented but always want to be opportunistic have been snubbed, in fact, under the jihua economic system, it should be honest people (but not stupid) more valuable. This is very different from those cunning guys who are more likely to mix well in the conditions of a market economy.
However, Hu Weidong did not want to engage in the rigid and pure Jihua economic model of the Soviet Union, because history has proven that it has no future at all. But he didn't want to let the shocking events such as gutter oil, poisoned milk powder, and the export of rare earth cabbage in later generations recur (crossing the river by feeling the stones, paying tuition is inevitable, and the Red Party at that time cannot be blamed, but as a traverser. You can't do it knowingly. So the only way is to combine the two economic systems and learn from each other's strengths. Among them, Hu Weidong believes that the most critical point. He believes that "state-owned enterprises are mainly to serve the society, followed by creating profits and taxes for the country." For example, if the development of mining is carried out by the private sector, the economic benefits are certainly much higher than that of state-owned mines, but the private mine owners are oriented towards maximizing profits. It will definitely only mine those ore veins that are easier to develop, and those with relatively small value will be abandoned by them, resulting in great waste of resources and environmental pollution, and from the perspective of enterprises, it is indeed more profitable, but the state and society will have to pay several times or even dozens of times the heavy price for this. From a global point of view, the gains definitely outweigh the losses. In addition, capital's impulse to make profits can lead them to instinctively ignore work safety and workers' rights, as evidenced by the black coal kilns of later generations. For the CEO of a state-owned enterprise, no accident is more important than the efficiency of the enterprise, so the situation is relatively much better, but because the state-owned enterprises in later generations are actually profit-making enterprises, they cannot be completely avoided.
After Hu Weidong positioned state-owned enterprises, at least half of them, as "service units", the problem was immediately solved, he did not need to separate the government from the state-owned enterprises, and directly regarded the state-owned enterprises as relatively independent administrative agencies, and the standard for evaluating the cadres of state-owned enterprises is no longer the traditional profits and taxes, but the comprehensive assessment of "output" (if the standard is not reached, it will seriously affect the total score, but if the task is overfulfilled, you can only get limited extra points, Hu Weidong hopes to guide state-owned enterprises to pay more attention to the improvement of quality. ), "product quality", "unit energy consumption", "raw material utilization" (the amount of energy consumed per unit of product), "labor productivity" (per capita output per unit time [judged in combination with the average quality of products]), "safety production" (accident frequency and severity), scientific and technological innovation and other indicators are evaluated.
For coal, crude steel, electric power and other basic industrial raw materials and military and other special industries purchased by the state, sales are not a problem at all, as long as the above indicators can continue to improve, it means that enterprises, and even the continuous development and progress of the entire industry, and the sales of these raw materials by the government according to the roughly calculated demand jihua, can minimize the waste of resources and unnecessary environmental pollution, in addition to the procurement of these state-owned enterprises are also all done by the government, for exactly the same reason
In particular, it is worth mentioning that the cadres and workers of such "service" state-owned enterprises are all paid wages and bonuses directly by the government (in fact, these state-owned enterprises are equivalent to the government's production workshops, as long as the production efficiency is high and the product quality is good). At first glance, this seems to be a big pot of rice that was deeply criticized back then, but in fact it is very different, because the bonuses that account for the majority of their income are determined according to the quality of the completion of those indicators by various units and departments at all levels below, and only by completing the work in a more "good and fast way" (Note 1) and innovating more, can the cadres and workers of state-owned enterprises obtain higher incomes, and the most basic statistical units go down to the workshop and even the team level, and the number of people is relatively small. It is much easier to coordinate internally, so that the big pot of rice is difficult to eat, so everyone's motivation does not have to worry about work at all, and even some historical problems that are difficult to correct, such as wasting water and electricity, have also been greatly improved, because waste can seriously affect the score. Technological innovation, which has a great weight and may be promoted (Note 2), is even more attractive, which undoubtedly greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of the majority of cadres and employees of state-owned enterprises to study jishu, and their minds will not lose their vitality because they are in state-owned enterprises, and it is no wonder that the leaders of state-owned enterprises do not fully support them because they are the most important source of political achievements
Note 1: Hu Weidong reordered this famous slogan in order to hope that the cadres below would pay more attention to the quality of the economy than to the quantity, of course, the latter is not unimportant, but that is the work of the central government, and the state-owned enterprises below only need to complete the production of the order.
Note 2: In fact, it is a variant of the patent right, the difference is that the state pays the money on behalf of other service state-owned enterprises that introduced the jishu, which can accelerate the promotion of the new jishu, and if it is transferred to a for-profit enterprise, the operation method is the same as the patent right. (To be continued.) )