In addition to killing demons, Xie Baoshu also went to the logistics to treat wounded soldiers from time to time.

In his body, there are immortal seeds, countless life energy, which can better treat wounded soldiers. Most of the injured are those who are physically cultivated, they like to fight hand-to-hand with demon beasts, and it is inevitable that there will be injuries.

There is "arrow" in the word "disease" in the Chinese character, "arrow" is the arrow, it can be seen that the origin of medicine is closely related to war, the army is mainly hand-to-hand combat, after each battle in addition to the dead soldiers, there will be a large number of soldiers injured, with the increasing scale of the war, the increasing number of types of weapons and the increasing lethality, the wounded and sick in the war are increasingly numerous, and there will be tens of thousands of wounded soldiers in a battle.

It is difficult to treat wounded soldiers, not to mention the low level of medical care in ancient times, it is still difficult to treat diseases, let alone treat wounded soldiers.

In the pre-Qin era, the military doctor was actually a sorcerer, and there was a sentence in "Mozi Welcoming the Enemy" that "the sorcerer, the divination, the strengths, the medicine, and the official raising", that is, the sorcerer often prepared medicine to meet the enemy, and the treatment of trauma was often mostly scraped, sawed, chiseled, pulled and other relatively simple and painful methods.

In the Warring States period of the military book "Liutao, Hutao, Wang Yi" also has a record of "three monks, the main hundred medicines, to cure gold sores, to cure all diseases", after the Qin and Han dynasties, the witch doctors separated, and Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms period was the first person in the world to use anesthetics to do major surgery.

At that time, the military doctors were all temporary cameos, and if there was a war, they were military doctors, and if there was no war, they were civilian doctors. Carrying surgical instruments, other medical equipment, medicines, oils, bandages or gauze, etc. It is also responsible for arranging food and water for the wounded

The Tang Dynasty followed the practice of the Sui army, and the army set up a full-time military doctor "school sick child officer", who usually patrolled the barracks to check the soldiers' meals, fatigue, medicine and treatment of sick soldiers, and the army's medical institution was the Taichang Temple's Taiyi Department.

There are more than 200 medical supervisors, medical doctors, medicine garden teachers, medicine garden students, etc., and as many as 1560 interns accompanying medical doctors, in order to ensure the quality of medical care, these people can only be hired after assessment.

In order to ensure the supply of medicine and the cultivation of pharmacists, it also specially selected fertile fields as medicine gardens, with more than 16 people as medicine garden students, through internships, learn to become teachers, and other medicinal materials are from all over the country, and there is also a pharmacist in charge of collecting medicines in the local state capital, and the medicinal materials sent from all over the country are stored in the crude medicine warehouse of the Taiyi Administration, and the two imperial doctors and one ambassador are identified and accepted.

Military doctors were equipped in proportion to the number of the entire army, and during the war, a hospital-like institution similar to today's "medical hospital" was established. The governor of Cizhou also suggested that all prefectures and counties should set up such "medical hospitals" like field hospitals, so that the wounded could be "treated state by state, and sent out in teams one by one."

Arrow wounds are the most common among the wounded in the army, and if the arrow is broken in the bone, it is said that the arrow can be separated by internal medicine and external dressing

Bones come out. For example, in the tenth volume of the "Tiger Sutra", there is a list of "arrows in the bones", and in the first and third volumes of the "Wubei Zhi", the key points and treatment methods of the ancient army are discussed: "The disease in the army is nothing more than gold sores, so it is the first; The second is that there are also those who are poisoned, and the second time is that they fall from horses and bite horses, and these four are not injured by the army.

So first. In ancient times, the army paid attention to hemostasis, stasis, reduction, etc., and the technology of twisting mulberry bark into threads to suture injuries was invented in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which was soon popularized in the army. "Tiger Sutra" records that if the skin and flesh are broken, take the new mulberry white skin as a stitch.

In terms of the treatment of fractures, the Jin Dynasty has used bamboo splints to fix broken bones, such as the "Divine Mechanism Enemy Taibai Yin Jing" records a kind of treatment of fractures "rubbing blood in the abdomen", and "Behind the Elbow" records that the suspected fracture is clamped with bamboo pieces and wrapped in soft old cloth.

It can't be too loose or too tight, so as not to hinder the flow of blood, and the military doctor has been able to use a rope to stop the bleeding of the battle wound, cut the muscles and take out the arrow, so that the person who faints from the knife wound and arrow wound can wake up immediately. In short, the medical method is to take hemostatic drugs, wash the wound, suture it if necessary, apply ointment, fracture the bone, and return the intestine to the abdomen.

In addition to wounds such as knives, guns, and arrows, there are also external injuries such as frostbite and burns, as well as other internal diseases, there are many treatment methods in the ancient army, and various ethnic minorities also have a variety of strange treatments.

When the army goes out, the military doctor will also go with the team, and if the soldier is injured or sick, he will be treated through the military doctor's patrol camp, if there are tens of thousands of such a large number of wounded, then set up a wounded shelter camp in the rear, and the requisitioned civilian workers are responsible for transporting the wounded to the rear, and if the wounded cannot walk, they will be allocated a livestock.

If it is a seriously wounded person will be rationed two livestock, tied together to carry the wounded, usually given to donkeys, in the wounded evacuation route set up relay and tea station, the wounded are sent at any time, every once in a while to change the dressing, the accommodation and cooking personnel are responsible for providing food and accommodation for the wounded, when the war is frequent, the "peace hall" similar to the hospital was set up in various transportation places, the function of this "peace hall" set up for the past soldiers is to treat the wounded and sick, treat the hungry, bury the sacrificed, and its expenses are borne by the government.

However, due to the narrowness of the house, only seriously wounded soldiers are allowed to be sent in, and soldiers who are not from this unit are not allowed to be admitted for treatment, and the food and rice of the hospitalized soldiers are sent from the battalion, and the meat and vegetables for the wounded to recuperate and supplement nutrition are provided by the hospital.

In terms of punishment, if a military doctor abandons a wounded or sick person, if a wounded or sick person who does not die is buried alive, the military doctor concerned is punished with the death penalty, and if a soldier under his command is wounded or sick, his superior will be given forty lashes if he does not call for a doctor to treat him.

In general, although there was medical support for the military during these periods, the medical theory was not systematic enough, the technical level was relatively low, the establishment of institutions was not institutionalized, and the number of medical personnel was far from meeting the needs.

Therefore, there are still many wounded soldiers who died due to poor rescue.

If a soldier is injured or sick, a junior officer will check on the soldier's injury and condition, and decide whether to report to the higher level according to the severity of the injury.

Then, depending on the condition of his injury, two options will be made. The first is that those who are seriously injured will stay in the states and counties near the battlefield for resettlement.

If the battlefield is remote, he will continue to follow the army, and when the soldier's injuries have healed, he will be ordered to chase after the large army and continue to go with the army. If the injury is not severe, they will continue to follow the army, and the soldier will have some medicine himself for simple treatment, and if it is more serious, he will be cared for by a military medical officer. This phenomenon was common in the Tang Dynasty.

For example, during the period of Tang Taizong, when he personally conquered Goryeo, some soldiers fell ill, and Tang Taizong personally went to visit him, and at the same time left him in the nearby Dingzhou, and ordered Dingzhou to take care of him at this time.

However, it is not unconditional for wounded soldiers to be cared for in the state and county, and a certificate must be issued by the army. There is a record in the Dunhuang documents, saying that during the period of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a sick soldier lost the certificate, so he could only beg every day, which was very miserable.

So what if a wounded soldier who was cultivating in the local area dies suddenly, this is serious for the local government, and the local government will send someone to investigate the cause of death and then report it to the army. If it is not true, then it will be punished.

Placement of disabled soldiers

What if a soldier becomes disabled after a war? Disabled soldiers were a serious burden on ancient armies. But this does not mean that the army will abandon them. In the Tang Dynasty, many wards or righteous workshops would be set up in the border areas. It is mainly responsible for the logistics supply of food, horses, etc. The government will arrange for disabled soldiers to work in such a sick facility.

First, it is possible to accommodate disabled soldiers and reduce the burden on the army, and second, these soldiers are experienced and loyal, which will be conducive to the logistics supply of the army. From this, we can see that the army does not give up on wounded soldiers, and will deal with them differently according to their own situation, which is still very humane.

We know that throughout the ages, where human beings have existed, bloody battles are indispensable. In fact, if we broaden our horizons, not only human society, but also the entire biological world, there are few times when we coexist peacefully, either fighting or on the way to fight.

As the great man said: "Fighting with the sky is infinitely enjoyable, fighting with the earth is infinitely enjoyable, and fighting with people is even more enjoyable." Therefore, struggle is not only a philosophical art, but also a kind of fun, and it is also a deep-rooted genetic culture in human beings.

Small struggles are called brawls, and big struggles are wars. In the history of mankind, there have been countless wars within and between races for the sake of land and resources, and the tragedy and cruelty of them are terrifying.

When a soldier faces each other on the battlefield, there are only three outcomes: he comes back alive after victory, drinks in a big bowl, eats meat, celebrates well, rests for a few days and then plunges into the next battle, and is understandable if he is not good at the level of the battle, and is killed by the other side. /

After all, his own strength is not good, admit gambling and admit defeat, and after 20 years, he will be a good man; there is also a kind of defeat and capture, which is also a last resort, in the face of superior enemy forces, there is no chance to resist at all, surrender first, and then say, maybe there is still a chance to live.

Some of the more cunning soldiers, seeing that they could not defeat the enemy, lay down and pretend to be dead, and then quietly returned to the organization when the wind was calm. It can only be said that film and television dramas are just a kind of interpretation, and it is not impossible to pretend to be dead, but it is very rare, most of them are in the case of a balance of strength between the enemy and us, and each other's soldiers are almost dead, and only by pretending to be dead can they have a chance to live.

And most of the time, it is unrealistic to pretend to be dead, only people who are stupid enough to get water in their brains, and the result of this is undoubtedly to make up for themselves.

Knowing that war is cruel, it is conceivable that in ancient times, the victorious side would not immediately withdraw from the battlefield, but also harvest spoils, swords, swords, halberds, and all kinds of other armor and weapons to be reused.

The productive forces of society are backward, and the cost of war such as building weapons is very expensive, and in this poor jingle situation, the spoils of war are undoubtedly the best way to replenish one's own strength, saving trouble, time and effort.

Therefore, when the victorious side is cleaning the battlefield, it will often check very carefully, on the one hand, in order to get weapons, and on the other hand, to see if there is any panting, and if there is panting, he will directly make up for it and send him back to his hometown.

So no matter how you look at it, working hard is the best way out, and it is the responsibility of a qualified soldier.

How can people more effectively use the expertise of their weapons to kill the enemy, and a good formation can often outnumber. This article will uncover the role of formations in Red Cliff for you.

Generally speaking, the following factors should be considered in the deployment of the formation: the position of the commander, the arrangement and distribution of weapons in the formation, how the difference in the marching speed of each branch of the army should be matched, whether the terrain of the formation is conducive to the deployment of troops, and the weapons and types of the enemy army and the degree of training.

The commander generally needs to be in a position that is easy to observe and command, but not easy to attack. For example, in the case of a circle, the commander should be in the center to look around and be adequately protected. Classes that cannot fight hand-to-hand, such as archers and musketeers, must be protected by other infantry, such as spearmen. In the process of marching, the requirements of the formation must be such that the detachments can cover each other and not hinder each other.

For example, cavalry on the march tends to move on both flanks of the main formation, so that if it is necessary to enter the attack state, the cavalry detachment will not be blocked by the infantry in front. Different formations should be coordinated with different formations, and corresponding formations should be used to deal with different types of troops.

The hallmark of a well-trained army is skillful formation.

Sun Tzu's Art of War emphasizes the six as, swift as the wind, Xu as a forest, aggression as fire, immobile as a mountain, difficult as yin, and moving as thunder.

In fact, it is to explain the highest level of formation training. Powerful army

In addition to being able to arrange the formation neatly, the team must also ensure that the formation is not chaotic when marching, the formation is not scattered when facing a strong enemy charge, and the formation is fast but not loose when attacking the enemy. When facing different enemy situations and terrain, the formation can be quickly changed. With such conditions, it is the real elite army.

After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the country established a unified army. It consists of four parts: the emperor's guard force, the capital garrison force, the border guard force, and the county local army. In the event of the outbreak of war, it is also possible to form troops on an ad hoc basis.

The Qin Dynasty army was dominated by infantry, but also had powerful cavalry and naval divisions. The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang confirmed the strength of the Qin Dynasty's army. The Qin Dynasty Tu Sui led 500,000 sailors to attack Baiyue in the south, which shows the development of the Qin Dynasty's sailors. The infantry of the Qin Dynasty was called the material officer, the cavalry was called the knight, the naval army was called the Lou boat sergeant, and the chariot soldiers were called the light car.

Infantry was the main branch of the Qin Dynasty army, and there were two types: light infantry and heavy infantry. The former wears no armor and is in the front row during wartime, killing and wounding long-distance enemies with bows and crossbows, while the latter wears armor and is in the back row during wartime, and when they get close to the enemy, they fight the enemy with weapons such as ge, spears, halberds, and guns. The distinction between light infantry and hoplite is determined by weaponry and combat needs, which is a step forward in the history of the development of the military system.

The cavalry of the Qin Dynasty was fully equipped with saddle sheaths, but horse shoeals had not yet appeared. There were no horse pedals, and the knight's feet were suspended in the air, and there was no point of focus, which was not conducive to horse fighting, so the Qin cavalry was only equipped with bows and arrows, which was suitable for long-distance combat.

After the Shang Dynasty changed the law, Qin implemented the policy of "Lilu and officials are exclusively soldiers", which is the famous military merit system. This system once mobilized the Qin people to "exert all their strength and use their death force for the upper use", so that the Qin State "was invincible and ordered to be carried out in the world", which played a positive role in the final unification of the six countries. After the unification of Qin, this system was still adhered to. When Li Si became prime minister, he was still an "official fighter and a meritorious hero", thus forming a class of military meritorious landlords in the country.

These meritorious landlords relied on knighthood and mastered political power at all levels, and they took conquest as a common thing and murder as their glory. In peacetime, it turned into extremely cruel exploitation and oppression of the peasants. As a result, in a short period of more than 10 years, social contradictions have intensified unprecedentedly, and the broad masses of the people have been forced to rise up against violence and have been forced to rise up against violence.

The main object of the Western Han Dynasty was the Xiongnu, in order to win the war, the state paid great attention to the construction of cavalry, and established a sound horse breeding system. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, there were very few horses, and for this reason, the Han Dynasty issued a decree to encourage horse breeding.

During the reign of Emperor Jing, 36 horse gardens were set up in the northwest border area, and 300,000 horses were raised with 30,000 official slaves. During the period of Emperor Wu, in order to prepare for the war against the Xiongnu, a large number of horses were raised, which prepared a solid material foundation for Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to win the victory against the Xiongnu.

The ground forces of the Western Han Dynasty included infantry, cavalry, and chariots, and the water troops had naval forces. Infantry and cavalry were the main force of the Western Han army, and the chariots were in a position of gradual elimination. The cavalry of the Western Han Dynasty was divided into light cavalry and heavy cavalry: light cavalry had no armor, held bows and crossbows, carried baskets, and had short horses

The heavy cavalry was partially armoured, armed with spear-like weapons, and had tall horses. According to archaeological excavations, the cavalry of the Western Han Dynasty was equipped with long iron knives with rings and handles suitable for immediate melee combat. The cavalry of the Western Han Dynasty was very strong, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing fought against the Huns, and used 200,000 cavalry before and after, and fought many victories.

Commanders and generals at all levels lead troops to fight in wartime and are responsible for military training in peacetime. The cavalry focuses on the practice of cavalry archery, and the captain of the cavalry must be a good horse archer. The training of the infantry was mainly based on the use of firebolts and crossbows, and the naval forces were not only trained in sailing, but also in combat shooting. Border troops must be proficient in beacon technology. Since the bow and crossbow were heavy weapons in the Han Dynasty and had strong lethality, all branches of the military should strengthen training.

The strength of the Han army was inseparable from the strong comprehensive national strength at that time, and the Han army often drove hundreds of thousands of people, thousands of miles, and went straight to the desert. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han army has basically been in an absolutely strong position in foreign wars, so a grassroots official in the Han Dynasty can also say such bold words as "those who commit strong Han crimes will be punished even if they are far away", reflecting the strong self-confidence of the Han nation at that time. In the war against the Xiongnu, the Han army fought valiantly and relieved the northern nomads from threatening the Han regime.

The Beifu Army, also known as the Beifu Army, was an army created by Xie Xuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

At that time, because of the strength of the former Qin, the imperial court asked the civil and military generals to suppress the north. The imperial court worshiped Xie Xuan as the general of Jianwu, the assassin of Yanzhou, the town of Guangling, and recruited Jinyong, when Guangling and Jingkou gathered a large number of displaced people who fled the war in the north, Xie Xuan recruited these people, and selected warriors such as Liu Gaozhi and Liu Yu among these people, and established an army. Xie Xuan joined the army with Liu Gaozhi as the leader, and often led the elite as the striker, and he was invincible.

Xie Xuanjia led the history of Xuzhou Thorn and the town of Jingkou. The Eastern Jin Dynasty called Jingkou "Beifu", so history called this army the Beifu soldiers, and later became the main force of the Southern Dynasty army.

Cavalry played an important role in the unification war of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Taizong Li Shimin was particularly good at horses, the famous Zhaoling six horses stone carving, is to praise Li Shimin once rode on the six horses set up by the great military exploits. In several key battles in the early Tang Dynasty, the cavalry had excellent performance.

After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Shence Army played an important role in the war. The Shence Army was commanded by eunuchs and was under their complete control. In the thirteenth year of Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty set up a border army to prevent the attack of Tibet, called the Shence Army. During the "Anshi Rebellion", the Shence Army went to the Central Plains to participate in the counterinsurgency, and the strength was expanded to more than 10,000 people, which was controlled by the eunuch Yu Chaoen and retreated to Shaanzhou.

In order to avoid the attack of Tibet, the Tang Dynasty Zong Guangde Yuan Dynasty Zong fled to Shaanzhou, because of the meritorious escort of the Shence army, after the Emperor returned to Chang'an, the Shence army became a forbidden army, and the left and right compartments were distracted. During the reign of Dezong, it was renamed the Left and Right Shence Army, and two lieutenants of the special protection army and two middle protection troops were appointed as supreme commanders, both of whom were filled by eunuchs. Not only that, the guards were often subordinate to the Shence Army, called the Shence Xingying, and the Shence Army was not only the main force in the Suwei Palace, but also became an important force in maintaining the rule of the Tang Dynasty.

However, the Shence Army was in the hands of the eunuchs and became the tools of the eunuchs. It was not until the second year of Tang Zhaozong Jingfu that under the threat of the feudal town, the Shence Army was finally abolished.

With a trumpet, the two realms on the mountain

People, look up.

It turned out to be His Majesty the Emperor, and the royal driver personally recruited him. Tang Emperor Li Wenjian, escorted by the people, personally came to the Two Realms Mountain. The army was in the air, exuding a strong aura and full of murderous aura.

In history, there are countless cases of emperors driving their own conquests, some of which were the founding emperors' personal conquests, and they themselves were immediately emperors; although they were not the founding emperors, in order to relieve border troubles or quell rebellions, they also followed the example of the previous emperors in their personal conquests, or to boost the morale of the army, or to establish their personal prestige as the Son of Heaven; the third reason for the imperial conquest was that "under the whole world, it is not the king's land" mentality, and the need to expand the territory.

The fourth reason for the royal driver's personal expedition is to take revenge for some reason, and if he doesn't go into battle in person, he won't understand his hatred. There are many reasons for the emperor's personal expedition, and the results are also different. As an emperor, being able to drive a personal expedition can indeed boost morale, but some imperial driving and personal expeditions can command indiscriminately, and some imperial driving personal expeditions are captured and killed, or the imperial driving personal expedition leads to the hatred of the country. Of course, there is no shortage of emperors who have achieved the purpose of the imperial conquest, expanded the territory, and completely unified the great cause or half of the hegemony.

After Liu Bang, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, Zhaolie Liu Bei, Emperor Sun Quan of Wu, Emperor Cao Pi of Wei Wen, Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming, Cao Chao of Wei Gaoguixiang, Emperor Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty, Emperor Liu Yu of Song Wu, Emperor Liu Yilong of Song Wen, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba Tao, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba Hong, Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty, and Li Shimin of Tang Taizong.

The founding emperors, most of whom drove the expedition in person to lay the grand plan for the country

Most of the rivers and mountains are typed. The rivers and mountains of the Western Han Dynasty were brought down by Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty; the rivers and mountains of the Eastern Han Dynasty were personally conquered by Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu; the rivers and mountains of the Three Kingdoms were defeated by Liu Bei, Sun Quan, and Cao Cao; the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were famous in troubled times, and those founding emperors who divided one side were like Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Fu Jian of the former Qin, and Emperor Ran Min who issued the "order to kill Hu".

Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Zhu Wen, Taizu of the Later Liang Dynasty, Li Cunxuan of the Later Tang Dynasty, and Chai Rong of the Later Zhou Shizong, etc., are all marshal-level figures who can conquer and fight habitually.

Of course, it is not easy to fight the country, and it will pay a heavy price. Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, encountered the "siege of Baideng" and was almost captured and died, but he was spared by listening to Chen Ping's plan to bribe the king of the Xiongnu with a beautiful woman, and suffered the humiliation of the Xiongnu's "harmony" for a hundred years; Liu Bei led a large army to the east to avenge Guan Yu, not only did the Sun-Liu alliance break down, but also died of illness in the city of the White Emperor after the defeat; the former king of Qin did not listen to Wang Meng's advice, and insisted on the southern expedition to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty were not the founding emperors, but they were both sons of heaven who had great military merits to the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty became notorious in history, mainly because he worked hard and lost money, ransomed his army, and caused a peasant uprising and perished. In fact, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was the leading marshal when he pacified the Chen State in the south of the Yangtze River, and made great achievements in the unification of the whole country in the Sui Dynasty. It's just that the victor is the prince and the loser is the thief, and he didn't succeed

Already.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty made three expeditions to Goguryeo, which is now the Liaodong region and the Korean region. Before the conquest of Goguryeo, the Sui Dynasty achieved a series of military victories, and the Turkic, Khitan, Tuyuhun, Linyi, Ryukyu, Chenla, Bori, and Wa kingdoms surrendered one after another under the military attack of the Sui Dynasty, and regarded the Great Sui as the suzerain, and the Great Sui Emperor as the "Heavenly Khan".

But unexpectedly, Goguryeo in the Liaodong region was not frightened by the Great Sui, not only did not accept it, but also disturbed the people, which aroused the anger of the Great Sui Emperor, who was determined to solve the Northeast problem once and for all, so the expedition to Goguryeo broke out. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty gathered a million-strong army to march in person, but he did not expect that due to his command mistakes, the national policy of pacifying Goguryeo was also problematic, and he actually lost his troops and was defeated. Three expeditions to Goguryeo also failed to subdue this fierce nation.

When the baton arrived in the hands of Tang Taizong, Li Shimin was a man of great talent, with famous generals such as Li Ji, Li Daozong, and Xue Rengui.

Li Shimin personally went to comfort the sick soldiers, sucked blood for the wounded general Li Simo, and the people of the Tang Dynasty took the initiative to participate in the war, even to the point of "recruiting ten hundreds, raising hundreds and thousands, and some people who failed to follow the expedition were indignant and depressed". Finally defeated Goguryeo. After Tang Taizong died of illness, Tang Gaozong inherited his father's unfinished will, and finally swept Liaodong and set up the Andong Protectorate.

Why is the word "Imperial Expedition" known to women and children? In the streets and alleys of the market, ordinary people have great curiosity and rich imagination about the emperor and war, and the word "Imperial Expedition" is high-end and high-grade, which just caters to the psychology of the common people.

There is a question that you must be interested in: How did the emperor go to the battlefield? It is said that the army should ride a horse on a marching battle, but if the emperor's golden dragon body is broken by the horse, what should be done? If you don't pay attention to bumping into it, what should you do? If you don't sit down and fall on the ground and are trampled on by the horse a few times, what should you do?

The "Imperial Expedition" gives us an explanation: the emperor may have gone to the battlefield by car, and only rode on horseback if necessary. The original meaning of the word "driving" refers to a car. The five kinds of chariots that the emperor rode were called the five chariots, of which the leather chariots were specially used in military affairs, such as military parades, drills, etc., and of course the pro-conquest also belonged to this.

However, the chariot itself was slow and heavy, which was not conducive to marching at all, and should be mainly used in a series of ceremonies during expeditions and triumphs. After all, when it comes to the front of the two armies, no matter how cowardly the emperor is, he will not let go of the opportunity to play handsome.

The royal expedition will definitely not be a trip that is just a walk-and-go. "Zuo Chuan" has a saying: "The major affairs of the country are in the worship and Rong", that is, the biggest thing in the country is sacrifice and war. The "Zhou Li" divides the ancient etiquette system structure into "five rites", and the "military ceremony" ranks fourth. And the emperor's personal conquest, no matter from any of the above angles, is a major event.

Since it is a major event, it must not be simple, and if you want to drive the expedition in person, you must first get the ministers done. Although the pro-campaign can boost morale, after all, there is a risk, and if something goes wrong, it is not a joke, so the civil and military officials

will not let it go, so that the emperor can easily succeed in the expedition.

After getting the minister, you can choose a day to carry out the action of the royal driver's personal expedition. As a state of etiquette, the complicated expedition process must not be less, the specific operation method began in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the subsequent generations have continuously supplemented and improved, the main components are:

Preparations. Including martial law in the army, the preparation and placement of sacrificial supplies, the training of honor guards in place, and so on.

A large-scale festival for the heavens. The emperor is the Son of Heaven, and his personal expedition is to do the right thing for heaven, so he needs to sacrifice to Haotian God in order to be blessed. The emperor himself and the civil and military officials who participated in it had to fast in advance, and there were different links such as offering wine, sacrificing, offering coins and silks, blood, and burning firewood, and at the same time, the emperor changed into different dresses and rode in different vehicles.

Medium-sized festivals for ancestors and land gods, and small-scale festivals for mountain and river gods. The level of these activities is relatively low. In particular, the sacrifices to the mountains and rivers of the rivers were mainly done by the relevant officials, and the emperor generally did not participate. In addition, the worship of the rivers and mountains continued throughout the expedition, passing through one place, that is, worshipping the famous mountains and rivers of the local area, and the gods of the road.

The oath of general is done by the emperor himself or an official appointed by the emperor. Explain the reasons and goals of the expedition, clarify military discipline, and then cheer up.

Xuanlubu, in the post-Wei period, the emperor personally conquered every victory, in order to know the world, he hung the cloth with good news on the bamboo pole, called "Lubu", and let the soldiers hold it around to report. Since then, this activity has been carried out.

Triumphant, dedicated to the temple. Everyone knows, the emperor goes on an expedition, whether he fights the enemy or not, as long as the emperor himself comes back safely, it must be called triumphant. Therefore, ceremonies, sacrifices to prisoners, rewards for meritorious deeds, and ministers to celebrate must be the standard for the royal conquest.

Generally speaking, the emperor drove the expedition in person, with the respect of ten thousand times, and the division of millions, and naturally the hearts of the people were enthusiastic, striving for the death force, and should have the combat effectiveness of attacking and winning.

Paradoxically, what should have happened never happened.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty made three expeditions to Goryeo, not only losing his troops and losing his generals, but also eventually causing civil strife due to the recklessness of his troops, resulting in the change of ownership of the country; Tang Taizong conquered Goryeo with his prosperous army in the east, but he was trapped in the "Dongying Xiaoyi" and had no choice but to return from the class. Ironically, the mediocre Tang Gaozong Li Zhi actually succeeded in conquering Goryeo, and Li Zhi did not have a personal conquest.

Let us play back the plot of Emperor Yang of Sui and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to see what is worth playing with today's people.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty decided to prepare troops to fight against the king of Goryeo, turning the "hometown of barbarians" into the "realm of crown belts". The following year, the world's male soldiers assembled as scheduled, at this time, Emperor Yang of Sui asked the later official to Taishi Ling's opinion on the battle situation, Yu Zhi said that the war must be won, but there is only one, the emperor can not personally conquer. Emperor Yang of Sui was displeased when he heard this, and said stupidly, if you are afraid, you can stay here. So he decided to go to the army in person.

What Yu Zhi was worried about really happened. The army marched in

Liaoshui, encircling Liaodong City. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty issued two edicts before the battle, one was that "all military advances and stops must be reported to be heard, and there is no need to be specialized", which is equivalent to seizing the general's military power and violating the principle of "the general is outside, and the monarch's order is not subject to it";

The two edicts cast the talisman of the Goryeo: if the Sui army attacked the city in a hurry, the Goryeo people declared their surrender, and the generals stopped attacking, and galloped to Emperor Yang first, and when the edict came, the city defense was also rebuilt to resist the attack of the Sui army again. If the cycle continues, the Sui army will never be able to capture Liaodong City. As a result, when the Ninth Army first crossed Liao, there were 300,000 people, and only 2,700 people remained when the division returned to the dynasty.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was defeated by his excessive intervention, he infiltrated his tentacles into every corner, the generals were silent, asking for instructions at every turn, and could not adapt to the situation and act decisively, how could they seize the fleeting fighter and adapt to the ever-changing situation?

Tang Taizong led a large army to conquer Goryeo, all the way like a bamboo, a long drive straight in, and it seemed that he was about to reach the city of Pyongyang, but the army was blocked in Anshi, and he could not move forward for a while. At this time, a Goryeo captive admonished that the people of Anshi took care of their family and were not easy to pull out suddenly, and the defenders of the Black Bone City would be old and could not hold on, so it was better to move troops to attack the Black Bone City. This was a clever plan, and the generals readily agreed.

Tang Taizong will follow it, and the eldest grandson Wuji said: "The Son of Heaven is different from the generals, so you can't take advantage of the danger." "You are the Son of Heaven and rich from all over the world, how can you do such a despicable thing as taking advantage of the danger of others? After some moral preaching, Tang Taizong gave up attacking the Black Bone City and attacked the city. As a result, Anshi could not be attacked for a long time, the troops were stationed for a long time, and the food was exhausted, and Liaozuo was cold early, the grass was dry and frozen, and many soldiers were not adaptable, so they had to return with feathers.

Tang Taizong was defeated by his moral purity: since it is the conquest of the Son of Heaven, he should have the bearing of the Son of Heaven and the royal demeanor. However, where are there so many upright and noble strategies, which is why Machiavelli said in a metaphor that a king should have both the ferocity of a lion and the cunning of a fox.

Fifty years after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty and 20 years after Emperor Taizong's first expedition to the East, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi lived in the deep palace and set Goryeo. At that time, Tang Gaozong "wanted to be a general army", and Empress Wu Zetian resisted and admonished her to conquer Goryeo, and Tang Gaozong called off her own expedition.

Does the Imperial Expedition necessarily lead to failure? Judging from the historical data, there are indeed many such examples. Wang Fuzhi wrote in "Reading the Commentary": "If Fu Jian does not think that he will commit a crime, he will not be defeated and will rebel quickly; if Dou Jiande does not save Luo, he will not be captured and both will be defeated; Wan Yanliang will not be frustrated by quarrying if he does not think that he will be a thief, and the domestic monarch will be killed." Based on this, Wang Fuzhi came to a conclusion: "The Son of Heaven is not fighting." ”

Of course, there are many successful examples of the Imperial Driver's Campaign, and the failed examples are just like the development mechanism, showing some of the shortcomings of the Imperial Driver's Campaign. For leaders, if it's down

If there is too much intervention at the level, or even a large package, the power is concentrated at the top, and the responsibility is dispersed from the bottom, and the subordinates will be like the generals under Emperor Yang of Sui, everything will be superior and lose their autonomy, and the result will be inefficient.

"Fighting but not fighting" is a kind of mind, but also a kind of wisdom. Lao Tzu said, do nothing and do nothing, and the world can't compete with it if you don't fight. Who knows that sometimes, doing something is inactive, and doing nothing is doing something.

The emperor led the troops to go out to the expedition called the "Imperial Expedition", however, there are still very few things about the Imperial Expedition, if nothing else, the emperor's personal expedition is too loud.

Therefore, the emperor generally sits in the capital and commands remotely, and generally does not personally conquer unless it is a last resort, that is, it is not related to the life and death of the country.

However, in the second year of Liu Bei's reign as emperor, he personally led a large army to conquer Eastern Wu, and was defeated by Lu Xun of Eastern Wu. Liu Bei's personal expedition not only lost many soldiers and generals of Shu State, which greatly damaged Shu State, but also became ill because of this failure, which indirectly led to his death the following year. So, why did Liu Bei and Wu go to the expedition in person?

(End of chapter)