When Tang Emperor Li Wenjian came to the Two Realms Mountain, the entire Two Realms Mountain was boiling.

thought that the emperor's personal expedition meant that the Two Realms Mountain would not be abandoned. Even the Tang Emperor has come, will the people of the Tang Dynasty still ignore the Two Realms Mountain? More and more masters have come to the Two Realms Mountain because of the Tang Dynasty.

They didn't sit idly by.

The editors of the Legalist classic Han Feizi have famous fables such as "self-contradiction", "Zheng people buy shoes", and "Avoiding illness and avoiding medicine", and the editors of the book use these stories to vividly reveal the laws of the development of things, which are both vivid and philosophical to read.

For example, it is written in the book: "Make the chicken at night, make the raccoon hold the mouse, all use their energy, and there is nothing to do." This means that the rooster tells the time, the tanuki catches the mouse, and let them perform their duties and play to their strengths, so that they can make the best use of things and improve efficiency.

Of course, this sentence uses animals as a metaphor for people, indicating that people with different specialties should engage in different occupations. For example, a strong man who is strong and able to command his army should lead the army to defend his home and country, while a man with outstanding wisdom and skill in governing the country can handle government affairs and give advice. As the existence with the highest status in our country, the emperor also has his own specialty, such as Song Huizong, who is unique in calligraphy and painting, and the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who has gorgeous rhetoric.

The emperor and war are not a very common combination in history, because most emperors deal with government affairs in the palace all the year round, and if there is a war, they only need to send troops above the court. However, there were many examples of imperial conquests in ancient China, and on the other hand, many founding kings also relied on their own leaders to fight and gradually won the world.

Here, we exclude some monarchs who have made great achievements in "martial arts" but have hardly led troops to fight, such as Qin Shi Huang, the founder of the Qin Dynasty, who mainly appointed generals such as Wang Jian and Wang Ben to fight in the process of unifying the Six Kingdoms; Therefore, they obviously do not belong to the emperor who can fight.

In chronological order, let's first talk about the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty - Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu.

Compared with his ancestor Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu's unification of the world may be more difficult, because when it comes to the outstanding generals under Liu Bang's account, people will blurt out Han Xin, Fan Hao and other famous generals with great military achievements, but Liu Xiu's Yuntai 28 generals may not be as well-known as Han Xin, and in the process of Liu Xiu's conquest of the world, he himself can be called indispensable.

Liu Xiu raised troops in Wancheng, and soon united with the Green Forest Army to achieve a series of victories, and personally led more than 1,000 cavalry as the vanguard, killing more than 1,000 Wang Mang's army in the Battle of Kunyang, and finally wiped out Wang Mang's main force with more than 10,000 soldiers and horses, accelerating the fall of the new dynasty. After the new dynasty was replaced by the new regime, Liu Xiu developed and grew in Hebei, and conquered Guanzhong in one fell swoop.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the appearance of the hero Cao Cao once made the world unified

In the process of conquering the world, he avenged his father and captured more than ten cities in Xuzhou, attacked Zhang Xiu to obtain Wancheng, attacked Lu Bu and killed the fierce general, and defeated Yuan Shao in Hebei in the battle of Guandu.

After the pacification of Hebei, Cao Cao went north to Wuhuan to settle the Xiongnu, and went west to conquer Han Sui and Ma Chao, captured the land of Xiliang, and took Hanzhong from Zhang Lu. In the end, with a unified and stable north, he drew a somewhat regrettable end to his half of his life, and even Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, praised him in the "Later Division" and said: "Cao Cao's wisdom is beyond the people, and his use of soldiers is like Sun and Wu." ”

Tang Taizong Li Shimin is of course one of the most warlike emperors in history, he was both civil and military since he was a child, at the age of seventeen he joined the army to rescue the Sui Yang Emperor who was besieged by the Turks, and later, Li Shimin followed his father to guard Shanxi in the process of accumulating rich war experience. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world's heroes set off rebellions, Li Shimin led the army, and soon invaded Chang'an, after that, he fought in the south and the north, spared no effort for the unification of the Tang Dynasty, and made outstanding achievements.

The emperor is on the Two Realms Mountain, so he naturally pays attention to what he eats and drinks.

When it comes to safety, don't be sloppy.

The emperor is the honor of the Ninety-Five, and his clothing, food, housing and transportation must be the best. The emperor eats alone when he eats, and he is not with other people, and he is so lonely even when he eats. No wonder it's called a lonely person. Although it is a person to eat, but it needs a group of people to serve, the emperor generally eats every time he eats hundreds of dishes on the table, some people will ask how hard it takes to eat so many dishes at once, you don't have to worry about this at all, the emperor wants to eat whatever he wants to eat will be served by the eunuchs.

The emperor didn't want to eat, or he was happy for a while, but more often than not, he couldn't finish it, so he would give the food on offer. Those who are rewarded can only eat at a separate table standing up. Because it was rewarded by the emperor, even if you are not hungry or want to eat, you have to eat, and you have to show that it is really delicious, otherwise the emperor will be unhappy.

The emperor did not have a fixed time to eat, and when to eat was entirely based on mood. When the emperor was hungry, he would say to the little eunuch around him, "Pass the meal!" to the eunuch who was guarding the palace and the palace eunuch on the Ming Palace, saying "Pass the meal!", and the palace eunuch passed this word to the eunuch who was standing outside the door of Yangxin, and he then passed it to the eunuch waiting in the imperial dining room on Xichang Street...... It didn't take long for the imperial dining room to deliver the delicacies to the emperor.

Every time the emperor eats, someone will go to taste the meal, this is to prevent someone from poisoning the food, and before the emperor eats, a eunuch will personally eat the food one by one.

If it is poisonous, the emperor can avoid the danger of death, and then the emperor feels that this is too unhygienic, and he should use a silver needle to test for poison, and try every dish with a silver needle, if it is poisonous, the silver needle will turn black.

The emperor honored the Son of Heaven in the world, wore a dragon robe, and lived in the Jinluan Treasure Palace. food, nature is also unusual. How the emperor eats, is it like ordinary people

In the Wei and Jin dynasties, there was a legend that human milk was used to cook dishes, and was this the case in the emperor's imperial diet?

This issue was a royal secret in the past, and it was kept secret.

The emperor likes to "eat alone"

How the emperor eats, each dynasty has its own way of eating. The richness of the meals and the way they were served also varied according to the different tastes and preferences of the emperors. At present, it is known more about the Ming and Qing royal eating methods.

The emperor did not all eat 3 meals a day, some more, some less. For example, the Qing Dynasty emperors generally only ate two meals a day, namely breakfast and dinner.

The royal family claims to be alone, and when they eat, they also eat alone, and eat alone in front of a special table, which is called "eating alone" by the folk. Although the emperor likes to eat alone, he will not be alone when eating, and there will be eunuchs waiting next to him - eunuchs who serve food. Because there are so many dishes, the table is full, and the dishes in the distance cannot be reached during the meal. But don't worry, when the emperor eats, he doesn't have to pick up the dishes himself, the eunuch will deliver them to his mouth.

When the emperor was eating, in addition to the presence of eunuchs, there would be people standing not far away to listen to the reward, such as favored ministers and princes. The emperor didn't want to eat, or he was happy for a while, but more often than not, he couldn't finish it, so he would give the food on offer. Those who are rewarded can only eat at a separate table standing up. Because it was rewarded by the emperor, you have to eat it even if you don't want to eat it if you don't want to eat it, and it has to say "it tastes great".

The emperor's tableware was also exquisite, mainly gold and silverware, and even if it was a ceramic product, it was of a good texture. Among them, gold bowls, plates, plates and other utensils can best show the royal style, so the royal family likes "golden rice bowls". If you use other utensils to serve your meals, it will make your master angry.

When it comes to dragon robes, our first impression is usually the emperor in ancient times, the emperor wearing a golden dragon robe, this is because in ancient times, the dragon robe was a symbol of imperial power, so the dragon robe is usually worn by the emperor of the Ninety-Five, but in fact, things are not so simple, in fact, women also have dragon robes, everyone knows that the status of women is very low, so why are there dragon robes that women can wear?

You must know that even the crown prince can't wear a dragon robe, and can only wear a python robe to distinguish the difference between his identity and the emperor.

As its name suggests, the dragon robe is a garment embroidered with a dragon medallion pattern, and according to the excavations of various dynasties, it can be seen that most emperors have nine dragons on their dragon robes, which are distributed in various parts of the body. The reason why the dragon on the dragon robe is nine is because of the thoughts of the ancients. "Zhou Yi" advocates the "Ninth Five-Year Honor". It is for this reason that the royal buildings and furnishings are mostly composed of two numbers, nine and five.

However, nothing is absolute, and there are also some dynasties that choose to use twelve dragons in their dragon robes, and the twelve dragons are embroidered in the middle of a circle, which historians also call "Tuanlong".

The process of making a dragon robe is very complicated, according to historical records, the dragon robe supplied to the emperor was produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou at the junction of two places, using the best silk in China, and then by two very skilled weaving experts

It is woven by a yarn machine as high as one zhang and five feet, and the production process is very complex, usually divided into embroidery and silk, of which the production process of silk has been lost in the long river of history.

After the Ming Dynasty, the silk production process was rarely used in other clothing, usually only used on the dragon robe, because the production process is too complicated, usually an imperial robe needs to take several months of hard work of the craftsman, and because the dragon robe is not completed by one person, so the weavers must cooperate with each other, and the weavers must be very cautious, because once the wrong delay in the time to hand in the emperor unhappy head may not be guaranteed.

Therefore, craftsmen must be very careful, which leads to a heavier workload, and the labor and cost are dozens of times that of others. So the dragon robe is very noble.

Not only is the production process very complex and exquisite, but there are also many rules for use. Take the Qing Dynasty as an example.

The emperor's dragon robe has the function of both ceremonial and auspicious clothes, and the emperor usually wears the dragon robe and the court robe at the same time in some very important ceremonies presided over by the emperor, or on very solemn sacrificial occasions. Moreover, the day before the emperor participates in the sacrifice, he must wear a bright yellow or blue dragon robe in advance to the Zhonghe Hall or the Taihe Hall to read the blessing board, and pray for the upcoming sacrifice to be carried out smoothly through this form. The emperor's dragon robe is also different on different occasions, and it is usually divided into ceremonial dress, auspicious dress, regular dress, and line dress.

Among them, the dress will only be worn on the most solemn occasions, such as: the great court, the great ceremony, or some other solemn ceremonies. auspicious clothes are worn on slightly less important occasions, such as: labor, feasts, and other activities. As its name suggests, it is usually the clothes worn by the emperor in ordinary times, which is more casual. And the traveling clothes were mainly worn when the emperor traveled far away. Not only the clothes are divided into occasions, but even the accessories on the emperor's body are also very particular, and the palace maids will help the emperor prepare the accessories that the emperor wants to bring in advance on different occasions, and then bring them to the emperor in accordance with the prescribed wearing methods.

So what about women's dragon robes?

It turned out that not only the emperor had, but also the queen and the queen mother also had their own dragon robe, which was also known as the emperor's auspicious costume at that time, this kind of dragon robe was no different from the emperor's dragon robe except for the different ornamentation, with the development of clothing and the evolution of people's thoughts, so the eight group patterns finally gave way to women, and since then they have become the exclusive patterns of the concubine.

The queen's crown dress is also strictly classified like the emperor's crown dress, most of the colors are bright yellow, and some queens' crown clothes have a stacked skirt in the middle, but it is worth mentioning that although there are eight dragons on the queen's court clothes, they are much less than the dragons on the emperor's court clothes.

Interestingly, in addition to the dragon robe, women also have court gowns and court skirts, and there are many styles.

And women's court clothes are more delicately designed, usually using breathable and cool yarn to weave court skirts. The gowns are made of stone blue cloth, embroidered with an eight-clawed golden dragon, symbolizing the nobility of the queen, but the embroidered patterns below are more diverse, there are embroidered eight treasure patterns and embroidered Shoushan patterns, and there are many lines, very

Exquisite and beautiful.

The shape of the gown resembles a long shoulder, which is usually worn by the women of the palace to decorate themselves outside the court dress, while the queen's auspicious dress is slightly simpler than that, there are not so many various patterns, but the luxurious embroidery still can't be hidden.

Although there are many women who wear dragon robes, there is only one woman in history who actually wears the dragon robe, which symbolizes imperial power, and that is Emperor Wu Zetian.

In ancient times, some rich and powerful people valued their lives more than anything else. Therefore, these people generally invite some people with martial arts backgrounds to protect themselves. As the supreme emperor at that time, you are the son of heaven, so naturally the safety of your life is more important, and they are even more masters around them, and there will be a large number of personal guards around them to protect them at all times. Many people may have this question, how did the emperor ensure that he would not be assassinated by these personal guards?

Everyone knows that there will be a large number of eunuchs and palace maids in the palace to serve in front of the palace. In the palace, these two types of people are probably the lowest status, and the possibility of posing a threat to the emperor's life is also very small, generally speaking, eunuchs and palace maids have a low status, so there will be no dissent, because they themselves have to live by the emperor, if the emperor is not there, they will only be more miserable, so let them walk in front of the emperor, in order to protect the emperor's safety, if there are guards rebelling, they can also make some reactions, and some eunuchs are also good at martial arts.

The second point is that some people who are close to the prince are generally chosen as personal guards, and when the prince begins to study, he will find some companions, so that he will grow up with the prince and cultivate a deep feeling. In this way, even if they are not trained as guards, they will generally protect the emperor's safety, so there will be no suspicions

Another point is that there will be multiple institutions, and they will have many reliable armies around them, which are carefully selected, specially trained for a long time, highly skilled in martial arts, and only obey the orders of the emperor.

Every time the emperor travels, there will be a lot of troops to follow, and it is precisely because of this setting that this kind of scene can be seen. Moreover, they will also receive a higher salary according to the work they have done. It is precisely because of this that they will work harder for the emperor, so that the emperor of the current dynasty can be in a relatively safe environment.

In the end, it is a more sophisticated way to deal with it, that is, some princes know what position they will be in since they were young, so they will spend a lot of money to find some foreign masters with high martial arts. And to add officials to these high-ranking people. And because these people have known each other since childhood, they are more affectionate, so they will protect the emperor wholeheartedly.

Through these ways, the emperor of the current dynasty, even if he is surrounded by masters, will not worry about being killed, as long as he handles state affairs wholeheartedly.

Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, in most cases, the eldest son inheritance system is one of the most basic principles of the system of distributing the size of state power in the patriarchal system, and Zhou Chao's primogeniture system is rising

At the beginning, it was very strict, no matter what the status, it must be the eldest son born to the wife to inherit the property, except for special circumstances, of course, such as accidental death and so on. After arriving in the Qin Dynasty, he didn't think much about whether he was born to his wife, but only whether he was the eldest son.

The wife married by the Son of Heaven must have a huge power family, and only a strong alliance can maintain the power of the central government. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many princes were reluctant to establish a long one, which led to frequent civil strife, and in most cases, whoever was the first to be the capital was the monarch, and the order was chaotic. In the future, if the Praetorian Guards in the capital want to set up their favorite person as the emperor, they must first be the first person to know the news of the emperor's death.

If the emperor deviates from the principle of "standing long", it may be opposed by the ministers, and there are generally two reasons for opposition, one is that the establishment of the chief is a legislation since ancient times, and the number of rituals of the ancestors cannot be broken, and the other is that if the emperor does not establish a long time, the ministers and the prince will take advantage of the loopholes, and the ministers will definitely say that they support the prince Zixian, so there will be chaos in the court, and the space for dark box operation is too large, saying who is who, and how it is actually too difficult to verify. In addition, if the prince supported by the minister is elected, the new prince is likely to be controlled by the minister, which will cause unnecessary chaos.

Virtuousness can be changed subjectively, the identity of the eldest son objectively exists, and it is the most stable way to choose an heir, as long as it is governed normally, he has cultivated his ability to govern the country since he was a child, and it is no problem to be a qualified monarch when he grows up.

There are many emperors who like to drive in person, such as Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, who are great emperor military strategists. However, there was also a great risk in the imperial conquest, and Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty conquered Goguryeo three times, which led to the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty. Therefore, unless the emperor is a military general, most emperors do not take risks easily.

Tang Gaozu Li Yuan was able to lead troops to fight, and once led troops to defeat the Muduan'er peasant uprising and recruited more than 10,000 people. During the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan led an army of 30,000 to cross the Yellow River and invade Chang'an, laying the foundation of Li Tang for nearly 300 years. But Li Yuan said that the emperor never led troops again, his three sons were very capable, and there were fierce men like Li Jing and Li Tao in command, so Li Yuan naturally did not need to go out in person.

Needless to say, the Tang Dynasty established by Li Yuan, the rule of Zhenguan, the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, etc., privately thought that the upper echelons of the Tang Dynasty continued to coup d'état, and also relaxed the control of the people, and the Tang Dynasty was the most comfortable era for ordinary people in ancient China. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the people were very nostalgic, and the last time the people missed the previous dynasty was probably the Western Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, was a founding emperor with few troops, but at the same time he was an iron-blooded emperor. When he usurped the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he killed the kings of the Yuwen clan and sent Wei Xiaokuan, the Duke of Yunguo, to defeat Wei Chi Hui, the governor of Xiangzhou. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui sent Yang Guang and Han to capture the tiger to destroy Chen, sent the general Yang Su to pacify Lingnan, and sent troops to the north to defeat the Turks. The Sui Dynasty did not lack wars, but Emperor Wen of Sui never fought in person, because he was very cautious in the process of seizing power, and he never took risks later.

Emperor Wen of Sui

After Yang Jian unified the whole country, he made great efforts to create a brilliant "rule of the emperor", and the system of three provinces and six ministries and the imperial examination system created by him were used by later generations, and Emperor Wen of Sui was highly evaluated in Chinese history and even in world history.

Tang Gaozong Li Zhi always gave people a feeling of weakness because Li Shimin and Wu Zetian were strong, in fact, this is not right, Li Zhi created the largest territory of the Tang Dynasty and even the Han Dynasty. Li Zhi is good at discovering and reusing military talents, such as Su Dingfang, Liu Renliang, Gao Kan, Cheng Wuting, and Heiya Changzhi. During the reign of Li Zhi, he leveled the desert north, broke Goguryeo, defeated the Japanese state, and destroyed the Western Turks, etc., Li Zhi also wanted to drive the expedition in person, but unfortunately his wife was unwilling, and Wu Zetian's power was not stable, but he didn't want the sick Li Zhi to have an accident.

During the reign of Tang Gaozong, he eased the class contradictions left over from the last years of Zhenguan, formulated the far-reaching "Tang Law and Discussion", and created the most extensive territory of the Tang Dynasty. But at the same time, he also connived at Wu Zetian, leaving hidden dangers for Datang.

Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was a very capable emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, during his reign, he annexed Korea, annexed Baiyue, crusaded against Dawan, and attacked the Xiongnu in the north, laying the basic scope of the traditional Han land. But Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a politician and strategist, and it was more suitable for Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to lead troops to fight such rough work.

In history, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che has always been accused of being reckless, and if Wei Huo won the battle in the early stage, he would expand the territory, and in the later period, Li Ling and Li Guangli would lose the army, which was inappropriate and unscientific. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, literature, history, military, and economy were all developed, and the Silk Road also brought back rich ingredients, and there is no doubt that the Han Dynasty was prosperous

Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng was the first emperor in Chinese history, during his reign, he destroyed the Six Kingdoms, conquered the Baiyue, defeated the Xiongnu, and laid the foundation for China's own territory. During the reign of Qin Shi Huang, there were many fierce generals, such as Wei Yu, Wang Qian, Meng Tian, Zhao Tuo, etc., there was really no need to drive the expedition in person, after Jing Ke assassinated Qin, Qin Shi Huang was cautious, how could such a dangerous thing as a war be easily involved.

The so-called "Imperial Expedition" refers to the fact that the Son of Heaven personally led his troops to fight the enemy.

Why did the Son of Heaven "like" the imperial conquest? Liu Bang's reason was: "Most of the ministers in the class of the Emperor have gray sideburns, and there is no one to take charge of them. The widow drove the expedition in person, met the enemy Chen Xuan, except for the disaster of the surname in Hedong, and avoided the suffering of the people of Li. ”

In other words, Liu Bang drove the expedition in person because most of the ministers were so old that their hair was gray, and no one led the troops to fight, so he had to go out in person.

Han Wangxin, who was stationed in Mayi, lost more than he won with the Xiongnu, and asked the Xiongnu for peace, Liu Bang suspected that he was colluding with the Xiongnu, and sent a letter of reproach, Han Wangxin was worried that Liu Bang would kill him, so he simply agreed with the Xiongnu to attack the Han Dynasty together, and surrendered to the land of Mayi, and then became embarrassed with the Xiongnu, and went south to occupy Taiyuan County.

After Han Wangxin rebelled, Liu Bang decided to drive the expedition in person. The purpose of his trip was twofold, one was to quell the rebellion, and the other was to drive out the Huns. In the summer of the following year, Liu Bang personally led an army of 300,000 and drove to the front line with the belief that he would win.

The Han army won the first battle and won a small victory in present-day Qin County, Shanxi. What are you waiting for, let's chase after the victory. Liu Jing, the outpost detective, said that the emperor must not chase after him

, that is the enemy's trick to lure the troops, where is Liu Bang willing to listen, led the leading troops to chase all the way to Pingcheng in Datong, sure enough, the Huns lured the enemy into the plan, Liu Bang and the vanguard were surrounded by Mao Dunshan in 400,000 troops in Baishan Mountain.

Seven days and seven nights, the grain and grass were exhausted, there were no reinforcements outside, the emperor Lao'er was about to be made dumplings, and at the last moment, Chen Ping, a strategist who was good at conspiracy and trickery, died as a live horse doctor, and came up with a "bad idea" to bribe Shan Yu's wife, but he didn't expect the pillow wind to blow, Shan Yu actually opened a gap in the encirclement and let Liu Bang go.

After the siege of Baideng, the Xiongnu's nearly 100-year-long history of bullying of the Han Dynasty began, forcing the Han Dynasty to marry the princess to the Xiongnu Shan Yu, using the humiliating "harmony" policy in exchange for a little peace, and sending a large number of cotton wool, silk, grain, wine, etc. to the Xiongnu every year.

Sun Quan of Eastern Wu attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu, angering his eldest brother Liu Bei, who "did not seek to be born on the same day and month of the same year, but to die on the same day and month of the same year".

He endured it for two years. Two years later, Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor and decided to raise troops to attack Wu, one to recapture Jingzhou, and the other to avenge Guan Yu.

At least in Zhuge Liang's opinion, this was not a wise choice, but Liu Bei did not listen to the dissuasion of Zhuge Liang and other ministers, not only to attack Wu, but also decided to devote the strength of the whole country and swore to break the net with Eastern Wu. Just three months after becoming emperor, he couldn't wait to personally lead more than 700,000 troops to attack Eastern Wu, and the vanguard army quickly seized the mouth of the Three Gorges Gorge of the Yangtze River, invaded the Wu realm, and successfully took Zigui.

Lu Xun, the governor of Eastern Wu, decisively implemented a strategic retreat, completely withdrew from the high mountains and mountains, left the hundreds of miles of mountains that were difficult to deploy to the Shu army, and actively prepared for a counteroffensive, and finally used fire to attack, burned Liu Bei's 700-mile company camp, and concentrated troops to besiege everywhere, the Shu army collapsed, most of the dead fled to escape, cars, Ships and other military supplies were lost, Liu Bei broke through the siege overnight and fled to the northeast of present-day Badong, Hubei, and was pursued by Wu General Sun Huan's troops, and almost became a prisoner.

After escaping to the White Emperor City in Fengjie, Liu Bei fell ill and died in the White Emperor City in April of the following year.

This is the famous "defeat of Yiling" in history.

After the defeat of Yiling, the nascent Shu Han regime was dealt a heavy blow, many generals were killed, countless soldiers and materials were lost, and the vitality of Shu was greatly damaged. After Liu Bei's death, there were rebellions in the country, and Zhuge Liang spent a lot of effort and five years to quell those rebellions and restore the national strength to the point where he could barely send troops abroad.

Fu Jian was one of the wisest monarchs of the Wuhu and Nineteen Kingdoms, and the Former Qin Empire was on track under his rule. His appointment of Wang Meng, a commoner from the Han nationality, as prime minister was his greatest success.

Guan Zhong made a suggestion to Jiang Xiaobai when he was dying, but Jiang Xiaobai greatly disagreed. Wang Meng made a suggestion to Fu Jian when he was dying, and Fu Jian was also greatly dissatisfied.

Wang Meng warned Fu Jian: "The sworn enemy of the state is not the Jin Empire, but the Xianbei and Qiang people who are scattered in the country, and their leaders are all in important positions in the government, and some of them have military power." Our biggest concern is this, and it must be sooner

Day correction. When he was dying, he emphasized this warning again: "Strictly guard against Xianbei and Qiang." ”

But Fu Jian is an open-minded person who never suspects people. This noble sentiment inevitably gives rise to the idea that as long as you treat others with sincerity, the other party must treat me with sincerity. Therefore, he never killed the emperors and generals who surrendered or were captured. Even like Murong Chui, the prince of Xianbei, and Yao Chang, the chief of the Qiang tribe, they were introduced as confidants, favored and favored, and gave them high officials and great authority.

After Fu Jian unified North China, the next goal was to unify the whole of China - this is the wish of every hero and hero in any era of division. In 383, Fu Jian marched south and ordered his younger brother Fu Rong to lead a combined infantry and cavalry force of 250,000 to serve as the vanguard.

The army set out from Chang'an and headed directly at Shouyang, an important border town of the Jin Empire.

When the news reached Jiankang, like a major earthquake, the officials of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were colorless one by one, and the prime minister Xie An was even more dumbfounded, and the general Xie Shi and the pioneer Xie Xuan, who relied on resisting the enemy and saving the country, only had a total of 50,000 troops. Hu Bin, the general who sent emergency to Shouyang, only had 5,000 sailors. The result of using this small group of fearful troops against a million strong enemies who can fight is more obvious than an egg touching a stone.

The heart is afraid, and it is not pertinent to live all day. Xie An did not rely on talent but relied on the family to obtain a high position, Xie Shi is Xie An's younger brother, Xie Xuan is Xie An's nephew, the government is powerful, and he has been in the hands of the Xie family for a long time, and the emperor Sima Changming is just a puppet. Xie Xuan asked Xie An for instructions on the military plane, but Xie An didn't even know what to do, so he just said blankly: "There is another order." ”

However, this herald was captured by the patrol of the former Qin Corps, and the Jin army was completely exposed, so it can be said that all misfortunes fell on the crumbling Eastern Jin Empire. Fu Rong, the vanguard commander of the former Qin Corps, read Hu Bin's emergency document and reported to Fu Jian: "The Jin army is weak and few, and it can be broken with one blow. We must act quickly to destroy its main force in one fell swoop before it escapes. ”

Xie Shi decided to follow Zhu Xu's words and make a desperate bet and advance towards the water. The former Qin Corps was building fortifications on the north bank of the river, and Xie Shi sent someone to tell Fu Rong: "You led the troops to go deeper, of course, in order to seek war, and now they are facing each other across the river, as if they are planning for a long time, wouldn't you lose your original intention." Please step back a little and let's cross the river. ”

At the moment of the strong enemy, the weak side dares to cross the river, and only the brave people choose this way of death. Fu Jian told Fu Rong: "When he crosses halfway, we will use iron horses to attack, so that no one survives." So, he agreed to Xie Shi's request and ordered to retreat.

We have reason to believe that Fu Jian's order to retreat was issued directly by him to the whole army, so the whole army acted at the same time, and it became a mountain of mountains and a sea of wild men, so that it lost control. Xie Shi took advantage of the enemy's surging retreat, crossed the river without difficulty, and launched an attack like lightning.

Fu Rong himself rode out and swept around the edge of the army, trying to stop his army from retreating, but his mount suddenly fell and was trampled to death by the rebels. Zhu Xu took the opportunity to shout in the back: "The Qin soldiers are defeated!"

The Former Qin Corps originally took the initiative to retreat, but at this point it was out of control, grabbed each other's roads, and fled for their lives to the north. Fu Jian

As the rebels fled, they were almost killed by stray arrows.

In fact, many emperors drove the expedition in person, not without one to lead the troops, but not to ask the Son of Heaven to go out in person, such as Tang Taizong Li Shimin's expedition to Goryeo, this is not the case, his side, but the generals are like clouds, Li Shiji, Li Daozong, Xue Wanche, Cheng Mingzhen, etc., all of them are brave and resourceful outstanding elements, everyone can be independent, Li Shimin is not worried about them, and the reason why he wants to drive the expedition in person is because he feels that the chance of winning in person is greater.

Other emperors who "like" the imperial expedition probably think so. However, in fact, this kind of thinking is often just wishful thinking, many emperors drove their own expeditions, not only failed to achieve the expected goals, but also lost a mess, and some even lost their lives, such as Liu Bei, who drove his own expedition to avenge Guan Yu to fight Soochow, not only indirectly lost his life, but also led to a great loss of national strength, and since then he has been running wild on the downhill road, harming the country.

Some people have concluded that the emperor will inevitably intervene in the generals below him, and even take care of everything, so that the generals will only be the best in everything, and they will not dare to be the masters, and they will not be able to let go of their hands and feet, and the war will naturally be inefficient.

Inefficiency or lighter, more serious consequences are waiting for them. Therefore, Lao Tzu said well, "Do nothing and do nothing, and the world can't fight with it if you don't fight."

(End of chapter)