The breeze blew, and the smell of blood was strong.

With so many corpses, Xie Baoshu couldn't get them at all, so he could only burn them on the spot. Fortunately, there are a lot of rune papers in the Daomen, and burning the corpses is not a problem at all. In addition to the rune paper of the Daomen, there is also the Buddha light of the Buddha Sect, which can burn the corpse.

The Taoist rune culture originated from the worship of natural gods in the early days of human beings, and under the inspiration of ancient insect books and seal books, natural objects such as clouds, birds, and beasts were copied and recorded, and they were recorded on a specific item and material with unique symbols and graphics, and gradually formed a huge and complex rune diagram and text of the rune system.

Its contents not only represent the will and decree of the gods, but also give people a great deal of hope, prayer, and worship. In ancient times, there was the legend of the peach tree of Dushuo Mountain to drive away ghosts and avoid harm, and there was a big peach tree in Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea, and there were two gods of Shen Tu and Yu Lei under it, which could dispel diseases and dispel a hundred ghosts.

Two wooden boards are made of peach wood, and the images of "Shendi" and "Yulei" are painted on the left and right, which are called "peach symbols", which are the earliest calligraphy symbols.

Charms are important Taoist techniques. Fu, letter also. The Han system is made of bamboo, six inches long, divided and combined. At the beginning, it was a bronze tiger charm and a bamboo talisman with the county guard.

Shao Zhu said: "The state should send troops and send envoys, and it is in line with the county, and if it is in conformity, it will be listened to." Zhang Yan said: "Fu is the ancient Guizhang." "Engrave the seal book on the bamboo slips, half stay in Beijing, half to the county guard, so that the emperor's will is in line with the certificate of trust.

The Taoist priest book is used to summon ghosts and gods, or to follow its meaning. Thought that the god of heaven is a diagram, showing the image of the clouds, that is, the so-called "cloud seal", recording it and the rune. It is also thought that the gods of heaven have given runes, and burned them to win the trust of the gods, so that they can serve and summon ghosts and gods of different positions, or suppress evil spirits and eliminate diseases, or reverse the sun and moon, or call the five mountains.

There is a myth in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas": there is a big peach tree on the Xiandu Mountain in the East China Sea, which is three thousand miles long, and there are two gods and two gods, Yu Lei, and the evil of the ghosts is supervised.

Spells and blessings and curses are commonly used in Taoist books, and they are the language of contact with the gods, which is probably inherited from the ancient witch blessings. Like a charm, a spell is a spell that summons the spirits to achieve the purpose for which it is prayed.

Fu, also known as "Shen Rune", "Fu Zi", "Ink Fu", "Dan Shu", etc., is a special symbol painted on yellow paper, silk or wooden board with Zhu or ink, which resembles a seal book, is difficult to identify, and gives people a mysterious and unpredictable feeling.

"Xuanmen Dayi" explains: "The rune rises" is the text of the dragon chapter and the phoenix seal, and the word of the spiritual rune is also. Taoism claims that this kind of symbolic writing is imitated by the Qi of the "Three Yuan, Five Virtues and Eight Meetings" in the sky, and the "Heavenly Book Yunqi" is naturally formed.

According to legend, the Taoist talisman first came from the Yellow Emperor's "Cloud Book". The Yellow Emperor is good at making cloud books, so he takes clouds as the discipline. "Cloud calligraphy" is a kind of calligraphy that uses flowing clouds as the main simulation object. Yunshu evolved into a "rune" during the Qin and Han dynasties, and the ancients believed that the gods of heaven appeared in the form of clouds with patterns or seals, and that the monks and Taoists recorded it, which was the rune.

The calligrapher "uses the essence of the Tao, the simple ink of the cloth, and the essence of the matter, and uses the evil and hypocrisy, auxiliary to the truth, and the spirits of the church, to control life and death, to maintain the calamity, and to settle the five directions." ”

That is, Taoist painting

The rune has the magical effect of summoning the gods and impeaching the ghosts, suppressing the evil and helping the right, eliminating disasters and diseases, and blessing peace. The content of the runes is generally the true name, appearance, and charm of the gods. The rune is an information channel that uses the mind and essence as the carrier to communicate the relationship between man and God. In Taoism, it is said: "If you don't know how to draw a talisman, you will make the ghosts and gods laugh, and if you know how to draw a talisman, you will be shocked by the ghosts and gods." "Fu is extremely important and mysterious to Taoist priests, it is a code to communicate with the heavenly gods.

Although the Taoist talisman has a strong mystical color, from the formal point of view, the talisman is also an abstract calligraphy art. The early Taoist talismans were basically formed on the basis of the official script, which was a combination of several characters in the official script of the Han Dynasty.

Therefore, the drawing of symbols has become a Taoist calligraphy with a unique meaning. Later, in order to strengthen the sense of mystery, Taoism made a bold deformation of Chinese characters, broke through the shackles of font strokes, and absorbed the writing methods of various ancient fonts, especially cursive writing, to create a kind of writing that is difficult for people to recognize.

But the talisman is not the product of the Taoist priest's arbitrariness, but a unique text with certain rules. Zhang Huai, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "According to the Taoist family, there are hundreds of words in the books of the emperor, the emperor of the earth, and the emperor of the people. Chen Jiru of the Ming Dynasty also said in the "Book of Taoism": "Taoist calligraphy is detailed in the Three Caves Sutra and Education Department."

These Taoist calligraphy is like a book of heaven for ordinary people, unrecognizable, even the great calligrapher Su Shi also looked at the words and sighed, he said in the "Heavenly Seal": The book of Taoist monks "The gesture is wonderful, and the words are not readable." ”

Tao Zongyi also believes in the "Book History Meeting" that Taoist calligraphy "is white but not true, and the gesture is strong, and it cannot be learned." It can be seen that Taoist calligraphy has its own system and requirements, which not only comes from calligraphy, but is also different from ordinary calligraphy. But its bold breakthrough in words and imaginative changes make Taoist paintings have undeniable aesthetic value.

Tao Hongjing has discussed the characteristics of Taoist calligraphy. Claiming to be a reclusive in Huayang, also known as Yang Taoyin, Huayang Zhenren, etc., Danyang Moling people are famous Taoist figures in the Liang Dynasty of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the founder of Maoshan Sect, and have made great contributions to the development of Taoism.

In addition to Taoist writings, he also wrote works on astronomy, calculus, geography, military science, medicine, literature, art, etc., and he was also a famous calligrapher and calligrapher.

Regarding Taoist calligraphy, he believes that the main characteristics of Taoist calligraphy are "emptiness in reality, existence in the air, and no image in existence", which is actually the embodiment of Lao Tzu's "Tao" in calligraphy.

He also divided Taoist calligraphy into two series: "The book of the three yuan and eight meetings is also used by the emperor Taiji Gao Zhen and Qing Immortals; Tao Hongjing's "On the Book of Enlightenment" also talks about the creation of calligraphy, which is a collection of works compiled by later generations, with a total of nine articles, including five by Tao Hongjing and four by Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang.

Taoist talismans, calligraphy, and Taoist cosmology had an important influence on the creation of calligraphy by literati and doctors. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is a believer in Taoism.

He said in "Mr. Baiyun's Book": "Tiantai Green is really said to be good, although the son is good, but not good." The breath of the book will reach the Tao, and the principle of mixing the elements, the seven treasures are all expensive, and they can be famous through the ages. It can be seen that his calligraphy art was impregnated by Taoist theory.

In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism developed rapidly due to the upper-class society's admiration for Taoism. The popularity of Taoism in society must have had an important impact on calligraphy. Yu Shinan and Li Yong both advocate Taoism, and their calligraphy has obvious Taoist characteristics.

Taoist calligraphy, the influence of cursive writing in the Tang Dynasty, was more direct. Zhang Xu, a great calligrapher who believes in Taoism, directly benefits from Taoist cosmology and Taoist talismans that run wildly to vent his wild grass art. The calligraphy art of famous calligraphers such as Su Shi and Huang Tingjian in the Song Dynasty also received inspiration from Taoism.

Taoism plays a non-negligible role in the development of calligraphy art. In particular, its cosmology and the immortal realm of the universe have changed the way of thinking of calligraphers, and have played an important role in breaking the traditional art mode of calligraphy and creating new methods of artistic expression.

The Spell and Spell Texts carry a great deal of weight in the Daozang, and these writings are varied in content and style, but on the whole, they carry a lot of easy-to-learn information. The so-called "spell" first refers to the secret method of Taoism based on talisman and urn.

Since the talisman already has symbolic characteristics in the asana, it is natural to introduce the idea of easy learning. Therefore, both external and internal talismans contain the purpose of easy learning. As an important spell to assist with the talisman, the concept of mantra integration is easy to learn, and it is also documented.

In Taoism, mantras and talismans are sometimes interchangeable, and an idea becomes a talisman when it is written and drawn with a talisman, and when it is chanted in a special sound, it becomes a mantra.

Witchcraft is based on a belief in supernatural powers and with such powers to control the world around them. A person who uses the shaman as a medium for God-man communication. Witchcraft is a ritual that is associated with the belief that people can influence other people, animals, natural phenomena, and imaginary spirits through supernatural means.

In the historical process of the development of human religion, belief and ritual have always been two important categories of religion. Various religions have beliefs in gods, and the act of expressing and even practicing faith is ritual.

Charms, a combination of Taoist talismans and mantras. Because the writing style and basics of the fu and the urn are generally similar, the two were later classified as a combination and used together, which was called the talisman urn. Mantras, also known as blessings, refer to statements that are believed to have a mystical or forbidden nature towards ghosts, gods, natural things, and social phenomena. Both spells and talismans are direct products of witchcraft in ancient times.

With the four functions of talismans, spells, tricks, and steps as the main body, they are all based on the premise of the imaginary world of ghosts and gods, and are implemented in the face of the world of ghosts and gods. It mainly relies on the method of thinking and qi. Cunxiang, also known as cunsi, is referred to as "cunning", and if cunning is specialized, it is called "jingsi", which is the most common and distinctive thinking method of Taoism. In the cultivation of Taoists, in the spells, and in the ritual of Zhaijiao, "thinking" is used

Methods often become the key to the whole process of spells and rituals.

The generation, formation and perfection of the Taoist method of fasting Jiao is a refractive projection of the history of the development of Taoism. When discussing the Taoist method of thinking, we cannot but discuss the existence of thoughts. Because thinking is the essence of the Taoist way of thinking. The practice and application of Qi is an important feature of Taoism. Meditation was originally a type of qi method, and later became a method of mind guidance for convincing qi and discharging external qi.

Relying on the inner and outer fortunes of qigong, the talismans, mantras, tricks, and steps can be compatible with external objects and attempt to control the opponent's state of consciousness. From the Taoist ritual of worshipping the gods, it contains Taoist theological theories, philosophical thoughts, concepts of worshipping gods, beliefs and customs, and many aspects of Taoist culture, which opens up the field of Taoist cultural research, promotes the study of religious rituals, and enriches the basic theories of religious studies, which has important academic value. Therefore, the study of Taoist mantras is helpful for correct cognition and evaluation.

If you know that the book is poor, you will be frightened. I don't know how to be poor in books, and I make ghosts laugh.

The Tao is the process. This is the first meaning of the Tao. Tao is not only a systematic and holistic summary of all things, but also a highly abstract and generalized process of the development of all things. 道不是一种静态的形而上实体,而是一个过程。 道的过程性表现为道生万物的过程,即老子说的“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”就是说,道转化为一,一转化为二,二转化为三,三转化为万物。

在这一过程中,道循环往复,“周行而不殆”,它的运动周期是“大曰逝,逝曰远,远曰反”,它逐渐的离开,离开得越来越远,远到一定程度又返回来。

All things return to the Word. The processuality of the Tao is made up of relations that can only be explained by chaos theory, and therefore, the Tao is also a relation. The Tao is the primordial. This is the second meaning of the Tao. The Tao is the mother of all things in heaven and earth, and neither existence nor existence comes from the Tao, which is the name of the different angles of the Tao. This is the most subtle and profound. The Tao is the essence and source of all things. All things in heaven and earth evolved from the Tao. The Tao, as the primordial principle, is a cohesive thing.

老子指出,“无名,天地之始,有名万物之母”“玄之又玄,众妙之门”，“玄牝之门,是谓天地根”，“天下有始,以为天下母”。 That is to say, the Tao is the origin of all things in the world, and here the "beginning", "mother", "root", "door", and so on all contain the meaning of the original, but they have different levels. 作为本原,它具有唯一性,它无前无后,无上无下,“吾不知谁之子,象帝之先”,它象是在天帝的前边,然而在它之前却没有什么存在。 "There is a mixture of things, born from nature", it existed before there was no heaven and earth. 作为本原,它是物质的东西,“道之为物,惟恍惟忽,其中有物,其中有精,”道是规律。

This is the third meaning of the Tao. Tao is the law of material movement, and Tao is the ultimate cause of the changes of all things in heaven and earth. Lao Tzu pointed out that "the Tao is the mystery of all things", just

That is to say, the Tao is the law of the movement of all things. 道是普遍存在的,“大道泛兮”,道存在于一切事物之中,贯穿于一切事物发展过程的始终,万物从道起源,又回归于道,“各复归其根,归根曰静,复命曰常”,返回本性是事物发展的永恒规律。 The Tao, as a law, cannot be seen, heard, or touched. The so-called "Yi, Xi, and Wei" is "a formless form, an image of nothing", but everything is governed and restricted by it.

The laws of the Tao are irresistible and cannot be violated. 只有遵循道的规律,坚持“无为”的原则,才能把事情办好。 否则,“物壮则老,是谓不道,不道早已”,违背了规律要受到规律的惩罚,下场是极其可悲的。 The Tao is the law. This is the fourth meaning of the Tao. Lao Tzu regarded the Tao as a law that must be followed, he said, "Therefore, those who are engaged in the Tao are the same as those who are in the Tao", and he asked people to adhere to and follow the laws of the Tao. 又说,“执古之道,以御今之有,以知古始,是谓道纪”,意思是要遵循古代的法则,驾驭现实的实有,以认识历史的规律,这就是遵循道的法则的具体表现。

废弃了这一原则,有了仁义,“大道废,有仁义”老子主张“唯道是从”,“贵食母”,即是要坚持道的法则,按道的法则做事。 The Tao is also the eternal law of observing things. “自古及今,其名不去,以阅众甫,吾何以知众甫之然哉,以此”就是说老子自己就是用道的法则观察万事万物的,给人们作出了榜样。 Lao Tzu believed that there was a difference in people's attitudes towards the laws of the Tao. “上士闻道,勤而行之”,上等人能够坚持道的原则,而且身体力行。 As for the others, they must be dwarfed.

"Only those who can serve the world with more than enough to serve the Tao", those who adhere to the principles of the Tao can dedicate their surplus to the society. 是否按道的原则办事,结果是不一样的。 "There is a way in the world, but there is no way in the world, and the horse is born in the suburbs", adhere to the principle of the Tao, the world is peaceful and stable, and if you abandon the principle of the Tao, you will fall into the chaos of war and horses. Do according to the law of the Word, and the Word will fulfill you, "Whoever is with the Word, the Word will also be happy." 最后,道的原则是最高原则,而且有很高的价值,“天之道,利而不害”。

The composition of a talisman is organized into five main parts: the dot head: the most important is the beginning of the spell, just like the human eye.

Principal Runes: The functions of each talisman are different, and you should find what is the main rune for anything, just like the authority or professor of today's users. Inside the belly of the talisman: What is the function of this talisman to be used for, to kill demons and evil spirits, or to town the house, it can be understood here.

Fu gall: For the essence of a talisman (soul and soul), whether the talisman can be effective or not is all in this trick. Fu Foot: In order to invite the soldiers to guard the meaning, the Fu Foot changes a lot, it all depends on the use of the Fu itself, and the fork Fu Foot also has a formula

"Living without peaches" is a unique culture that expresses people's feelings about life

The yearning and pursuit of auspiciousness, peace and longevity. The Chinese people have a soft spot for it, and the peach charm - peach wood relief Zhong Kui is a role that believes that peach wood can make ghosts and ward off evil.

There are many peaches in ancient myths and legends, and the most important legend is that there are two gods, named Shen Tu and Yu Lei, who can cure evil spirits. So the people carved their appearance with peach wood and placed it at the door of their house to ward off evil and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shen Tu and Yu Lei on the peach wood board, believing that this could also suppress evil and eliminate evil. This kind of peach plank was later called "peach charm".

Although the description of peach in the culture contains many myths and stories and is full of superstition, it is an indisputable "fact" that peach wood repels evil spirits! First of all, we should understand what "evil" is. Evil is impropriety, impropriety, evil, evil thoughts, and heresies.

Traditional Chinese medicine refers to evil as the environmental factors that cause disease: the common external senses are six evils: wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, fire, seven emotions, phlegm, drinking, blood stasis, etc., evil qi will make people sick when it invades the human body, and illness is evil. Superstitious people refer to the calamities given by ghosts and gods: evil, strange and grotesque.

To ward off evil is to avoid or exorcise evil spirits. It is generally used as a superstitious language, which means to subdue demons and monsters so that they do not disturb people. In fact, the simplest way to say that to ward off evil is to get rid of diseases. In ancient times, when medical science and technology were relatively backward, floods and beasts were not the first natural enemies that threatened human existence, because human beings had mastered the laws of natural survival in the struggle with nature, while ancient humans could not recognize and explain "plague and disease".

It makes people feel extremely frightened in their hearts, thinking that the gods and ghosts are doing strange things, and it is a kind of evil spirit that cannot be seen or touched, and an ominous evil spirit. However, in the course of mankind's ongoing desperate struggle against demons, it was discovered that Peachwood was in some ways a powerful weapon against demons. So that people have the peach tree worship, so that in people's hearts "peach wood" has an irreplaceable role, the ancients respected the peach tree as "fairy wood".

In fact, peaches have high medicinal value, and peach trees can be used as medicine. Fresh peach flesh is dense, sweet and watery, rich in vitamins and iron, as a therapeutic fruit, peach has a good nourishing and moisturizing effect on constipation caused by lack of stomach yin, dry mouth and thirst or lack of body fluids. Peaches are a fruit that can be eaten by people with high blood pressure and diabetes, and there are many benefits for people with lung disease.

The cloud seal is too empty, the beginning of the catastrophe. At first glance, sinking or floating. Wandering in all directions, more than one zhang. The innocent emperor is a book. In order to play the cave chapter, the second book spirit rune. The beginning of the decline of the Yuan, the true text of the birth. It is obvious that there is, but there is nothing.

The talisman head, talisman gall, and talisman feet in the Taoist talisman have been discussed by many sects of talisman since ancient times, but each worships its ancestor, and the way of drawing talismans is naturally different, and the code of its talisman head is also different.

For example, the common "three hooks" on many runes are the marks representing the Three Qings (Daode Tianzun, Yuan Shi Tianzun, Lingbao Tianzun) or the Three Realms Gong (City God, Land, Ancestor). The three ticks on the rune represent the meaning of the Three Clears on the entire rune map, and under the edict and the name of the gods, they represent the Three Realms. When writing this "three hooks", you should secretly recite this mantra: "One stroke moves the world, two strokes of the patriarch's sword, and three strokes of fierce gods and evil spirits go thousands of miles away." ”

, a sentence must be just right, which means "stepping on the head". "Fu head" is also drawn by the edict, thunder order and other runes as the head of the rune, its variety of kinds, because of the different sects of Xuanmen Taoist charms and have their own differences, generally please God, dispatch troops, many books to "edict" as the head of the rune. If there is no "three hooks" three clear symbols, you must use a spell, the day "the sky is round, the law is nine chapters, I write today, ten thousand ghosts are hidden." That's it.

If in the time of drawing the talisman, the supreme talisman in the talisman, then read it first when drawing the talisman: one stroke of the world moves, two strokes of the ancestor sword, three strokes of the fierce god and evil to thousands of miles away, this talisman head with the spell is: one turn the heaven and the earth to hide, two turns the ghost and the god is frightened, the sun and the moon are two points together to move the world, urgent as the law.

At the time of writing the word "edict", it is necessary to recite a mantra, and the mantra is used. One circumference of heaven and earth moves, the second circumference of the main disease moves, the third circumference does not seek blood, the four circumferences do not seek pus, the fifth circumference does not produce gangrene, the sixth circumference does not produce boils, and the seven perimeter of the great god spell is urgently extinguished with the curse.

Fu gall is the soul of a talisman and the master of the talisman, and whether a talisman can give full play depends to a large extent on whether there is a talisman to guard it. The book talisman is generally called the talisman gall, and the meaning of the talisman is to ask the gods to sit within this talisman and guard the portal of this talisman. The common character is the word "Gang", there are also the word "well", there are also the word "horse", and the word "Hua" is too numerous to mention. But what is a charm? A charm is a combination of some secret characters.

The Taoist Fu Gong school originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From Zhang Ling's founding of Bashu to the Sui and Tang dynasties for more than 800 years, Taoism has formed the three major schools of Heavenly Master, Shangqing and Lingbao. In the Song Dynasty, the Taoist Fu Zhi Xue entered a new stage of development, and on the basis of the three great avenues of the Han and Tang Dynasties, it derived new Fu Zheng sources such as Beidi, Shenxiao, Qingwei, Donghua, Tianxin, Taiyi, and Jingming. As a result, in the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Taoist Fu Gong school multiplied, the writings were rich, the doctrine was mature, and it was unprecedentedly prosperous, and the Taoist Fu Gong school had reached the peak of perfection. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, all the sects gradually returned to the same school, and most of them were integrated into the Zhengyi faction, and there were many outstanding figures. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, stretching for more than 1,800 years, the Taoist Fu Gong faction has been passed down from generation to generation, the Taoist vein is endless, the influence is huge and wide, and it is the most important subject of Taoism. Here, we will give an overview of the history of the main schools of the Fu Gong school in order to facilitate the study of the Fu Gong school of Taoism.

In the early days of Zhang Ling's founding, he mainly used Taoist techniques such as the previous chapter to recruit gods and charms to rob ghosts to recruit believers. According to Li Ying's "Shu Ji", Zhang Ling learned the Tao in Heming Mountain, avoided illness and malaria in the Qiu Society, and obtained the spell book of ghosts, so he solved the ghost law. Mausoleum, Emperor Shun was a guest in Shu, learned the way of Heming Mountain, made a rune book, in order to confuse the people. It can be seen that from the beginning of Zhang Ling's teaching, the talisman spell has become the main tool for spreading the Tao and has been widely used. As a result, the main vein of the Taoist Fu Gong sect is based here, so all the sects worship Zhang Ling as the ancestral master.

According to the "Han Heavenly Master Family", Zhang Lu's son Zhang Sheng cultivated the Taoism, his father ordered the heir, carried the ancestral sword seal scripture, moved from Hanzhong to Longhu Mountain, Guixi, Jiangxi, and got the ancestral Tianshi Xuantan and Danzao's former site, that is, its place as a residence. Mingwang cotton

"Qingya Conglu" also said that Zhang Ling's great-grandson Zhang Sheng moved to Longhu Mountain during the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty and was the founder of the Dragon and Tiger Sect of the Heavenly Master Dao. However, the lack of historical documents is difficult to believe. Zhang Ling's heirs moved to Longhu Mountain, when in the late Tang Dynasty.

The preface of the "Three Cave Cultivators" of the fifth generation of Sun Yizhong says: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three-day mage Zhang Junfang received the Taishang Zhengyi method, first Shu was divided into ghosts, and there were 124 Yin Divisions under the 124 to adjust the 24 qi. Later, it was occupied by the devil for six days, and it was called the ghost camp. The Heavenly Master descended to control Yan with the righteous law, and it has been listed as a yin bureau so far, and the ghost is a yin official. The descendant of the Heavenly Master, one person from generation to generation, that is, the Zhang family of Longhu Mountain, Xinzhou. About this religion flourished in Wu Shu, up to the Wei Dynasty, there is the Heavenly Master of Kou Qian, Fu Da Hong expounded the calendar in the Tang Dynasty, during which the Taoist industry is burning, Jiang Zuo is like Mr. Lu Gong Xiujing, the Chinese character is Ruoyin Zhen Mr. Zhao, Pan Tianshi, Mr. Chengyuan Li, Sima Tianshi, Mr. Zong Yuan, Wu Tianshi, Mr. Niu, Ye Guyun, Ye Guanghan Ertianshi, Xi and Mr. Li, all of them are the light of the mission, with the seven leaves of the Taoist map, which is scattered in the branches, innumerable. This is a more accurate account of Zhang Lingzheng's inheritance during the Han and Tang dynasties. Subsequently, Li Huang, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, built the temple of the Heavenly Master in Longhu Mountain, and the nine years of Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (gave the twenty-second generation of Sun Zhang Zhengsui as Mr. Zhenjing, Zhezong Shaosheng saved Longhu Mountain for the four years of the Zhengyi faction, and since then Longhu Mountain has become the center of the preaching and preaching of the Righteous Sect.

All generations of descendants of Zhang Ling have been titled, and there is a clear text in history.

Among the Heavenly Masters of the past dynasties, there were many people who were proficient in talismans. For example, the tenth generation of heavenly master Zhang Zixiang, Guangxuan Fu Gong, edification of the Quartet; Zhang Tongxuan, the eleventh generation of heavenly masters, cured the epidemic with Fu Shui, and those who drank were cured. , so the beggars gather, and those who receive the flute benefit the people; Nineteen generations of heavenly master Zhang Xiu, where there is a disease to seek treatment, the cure of the wood leaves is more than 30 generations of heavenly master Zhang Jixian are fine, once wrote the iron charm to remove the state salt disaster monster, take the charm into the water, to drink the sick, all the drinkers are more at the same time absorb the Zhong Lu Nei Dan learning, the Dan Tao and the combination of the rune, so that the Taoist tradition of Fu Zheng has undergone a great change. Zhang Keda, the thirty-fifth generation of heavenly masters, the charm is exquisite, and he has repeatedly seen miraculous tests, and has won the trust of Li Zong, and ordered him to raise the three mountain runes, and also to observe the sect affairs of the palaces in front of the palace, and the Zhengyi faction has since achieved the status of leading the rune sects, and it is the same to this day.

The Shangqing faction was founded in the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and respected Mrs. Wei Huacun as the ancestor. Its appearance is directly related to Zhang Ling's Heavenly Master Dao. Its founders Yang Xi, Xu Mi, Xu Mai and others were all Heavenly Master Taoist disciples, and Wei Huacun also served as Heavenly Master Taoist sacrificial wine. Therefore, it can also be said that Shangqing is differentiated from the Tao of the Heavenly Master.

After the school was founded by Yang, Xu and others, it gradually developed through the extension of Wang Lingqi. By the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Lu Xiujing also passed on the Shangqing scriptures, and the total number of three caves was the grandmaster." Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Maoshan, went in and out of the court and the opposition, sorted out the Shangqing classics, wrote a lot of books, and made great contributions, making Maoshan the center of the Shangqing faction. Since then, the masters of the Shangqing faction have lived in Maoshan for many years, so the sect is also called the Maoshan sect.

From the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Shangqing faction was very prosperous, and a large number of high roads appeared. For example, Wang Yuanzhi knew the mandate of heaven, and when Tang Gaozu was diving, Mr. told him to take the talisman. Sima Chengzhen has more than ten kinds of works, and is deeply influenced by Wu Ze

Heaven, Ruizong, and Xuanzong relied on it, and Xuanzong received it from him, and his disciple Li Hanguang was proficient in Shangqing Dafa and had entered Beijing several times.

Xuanzong received three caves and was enshrined in the Datong Palace. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Ziying taught the Shangqing scriptures, Renzong gave the title of national teacher, and the queen mother received his law. Liu Mingkang got Shenzong, Zhezong, and Huizong to rely on, when the queen Meng swallowed a needle to stop the throat, the doctor could not come out, and the teacher entered the acupuncture charm, vomited out, and the acupuncture charm was on the palace. Jiang Zongying, Xiao Yingyu, Dong Sijing, Du Daojian, Zhang Yu, etc., are famous for their erudition and writings, each with its own subtle metaphysics, and expounding the Shangqing scriptures.

The inheritance of this sect is very clear, from the Eastern Jin Dynasty Wei Hua to the Yuan Dynasty Liu Dabin, a total of 45 generations of grandmasters. The base inheritance is based on the scriptures of Yang and Xu Shangqing, and after Liu Mingkang got the seal and sword of the nine old immortals, the inheritance token has added a sword and a seal. And with the Dragon Tiger Mountain, Ge Soap Mountain, Dingzhi, teaching talismans.

Now Maoshan Mountain, Dragon and Tiger, Pavilion Soap, there are really three altars, the talisman is all over the world, and the recipients are each known as the Shangqing School to practice the Shangqing Law, and also practice the Lingbao, the Trinity Emperor and the Heavenly Master Taoism. The practice method is to keep the mind and refine the qi, and it also advocates the joint cultivation of the people, combining the methods of charms, spells, guidance, taking food, medicinal bait, outer pills, qigong, and health preservation techniques, in order to seek the way of immortality. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Sima Chengzhen also invoked Confucianism's righteousness and sincerity and Buddhism's doctrine of meditation and meditation to enrich Taoism's internal refining principles; Xiao Yingyu used the study of inner Dan to explain the art of charms, advocating internal refining into Dan, external spells, and the art of charms is based on the aura of the human body, which is quite innovative.

According to Qiu Fangyuan in the Tang Dynasty, the sect originated from the Yuan Shi Tianzun, and was taught by the Tianzhen Emperor when he was the Yellow Emperor.

; After Dayu got to control the water, the success of the five symbols, hidden in the Dongting Bao Mountain; When he arrived at the Warring States Period of King Wu, he ordered Long Weizhang to take it out, but no one could recognize it. Until Ge Xuan and Lu Xiujing extended and increased their cultivation, they became rituals, and bricks were released as the religion of Lingbao. Beginning to release Xuanyuan, and finally simple silence, the Dharma is round, so that future generations can see the ceremony, the learners are undoubted, and those who become true in this teaching do not know how many poles, and those who inherit this teaching as the emperor have their own people.

The Lingbao Sect's Taoism is mainly based on charms and rituals, and in this regard, it is close to the Heavenly Master Dao. He was also influenced by the Shangqing School, and practiced the techniques of storing spirits, refining qi, and chanting scriptures. However, in terms of doctrine, the sect is quite influenced by the teachings of the Mahayana scriptures of Buddhism, emphasizing "universalizing all people" and regarding the Lingbao Sutra as the "Mahayana Dharma". In his scriptures, you can see everywhere the teachings of the three reincarnations, the causes of good and evil, the retribution of sins and blessings, the inspection of the three karmas, the rebirth of the calamity, the extinction of nirvana, the cultivation of merits, the precepts, and the blessing of the fields, so that the Taoist theory has undergone major changes. In a word, attaching importance to persuading people and fasting for science and education are the two most significant characteristics of the Lingbao School.

The school is good at fasting, and the ancient method of Lingbao passed down by Lu Xiujing has been developed by Zhang Wanfu and Du Guangting in the Tang Dynasty, and has become the basic criterion for Taoist casting. Ning Quanzhen and Jin Yunzhong compiled the "Lingbao Zhenjiao Jidu Golden Book" and "Shangqing Lingbao Dafa" with a total of 425 volumes, and the Ming Dynasty's "Lingbao Wudu People Shangjing Dafa" also has 72 volumes, detailing the various rituals and rituals of Taoism. Therefore, although its status is not as good as that of the Heavenly Master and the Shangqing Dynasty, it is quite active among the people. From the north

In the Song Dynasty, it was with the dragon and tiger, Maoshan Ding, and took Jiangxi Pavilion Soap Mountain as the ancestral altar to teach the Lingbao Sutra, so it is also called the Pavilion Soap Sect.

It is not only valued by this sect, but also regarded as the sect of all laws and the head of the group of scriptures by all sects and believers. Its content is extremely rich, not only expounding the yin and yang, three talents, five elements and other cosmic generation, character education and Shunde Qi Gong way, but also tells about the elimination of disasters, the control of ghosts and demons, the cultivation of gods and the realization of the arts, is the most important work in the study of Lingbao Taoism. In general, the Lingbao faction is more systematic in terms of talismans, and has more achievements than the Heavenly Master and Shangqing factions.

The Northern Emperor faction was founded by Deng Ziyang, a Taoist priest in the early Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of the cultivation in Magu Mountain, after the tour of Zhongyue, Nanyue, Lushan, Wangwu Mountain, Hangu Pass, Zongsheng Palace and the famous mountains, its sincerity to the emperor to teach the law, then open the Northern Emperor faction. At the beginning of the northwest of the Magu altar, because of the provincial relatives, the road was worn by the sword. Sex is quite resolute, conceited to help the world, between every rest of the ravines, chanting the canopy mantra without stopping, then feeling the Northern Emperor, sending gods to give swordsmanship. "Emperor Kaiyuan of the Tang Ming Dynasty was summoned to the Datong Palace, built the Jiao Hu Domain, and was named the Heavenly Master. “

Since Deng Ziyang opened this faction, after his nephew Deng Decheng, nephew Deng Yankang and descendants Deng Daoya, Deng Daomiao, Deng Qixia for several generations, plus many disciples Tan Xianyan, Shi Lingdong, Zuo Tongyuan, Zou Yuhua, He Yuantong, Wang Qixia, Huang Dongyuan, Qu Tong and other people, and thanks to the Tang Dynasty emperors Xuanzong, Dezong, Xianzong, Wuzong, Xuanzong, Yizong's worship, it soon spread throughout the country, and built a number of courtyards dedicated to the Northern Emperor, exercising the Great Law of the Northern Emperor.

The wind and clouds, the long rain and prayer for the sunny day is Langji, the deep winter prayer snow is the six flowers floating in the sky, or the people are bewitching, that is, the gods will be driven away, and they are all safe. "Huizong summoned symmetry, and exorcised monsters and bound ghosts in the palace, showing all kinds of spirits. He was awarded the title of "Mr. Chongxu Miaodao", and he was not a few, and he served as a doctor of Taisu, a school member of the Ning Shen Temple, and a waiter of the Ning Shen Temple. It is said that he can predict the destiny of heaven, and he is invited to repair politics and train soldiers, but Huizong does not accept it, but returns to his hometown with his sleeves.

The flow of wind was carried out, and the Dannan sect of Taoism began to the fourth ancestor Chen Nan, and also passed on the Shenxiao Thunder Law. According to the words of the fifth ancestor Bai Yu Toad, Chen Nan traveled to Limu Mountain and met Xin Zhongyi, a disciple of Wang Zhenjun, and won the Tianda Thunder Law, which was later passed on. Bai Yu Toad Dan Dao, Lei Fa and Jing, his disciples are very numerous. The disciple Peng Yun opened the "Fine Forest Sect" and was active in Fuzhou. There are still Liuyuanchang, Lin Boqian, Pan Changji, Zhou Xiqing, Hu Shijian, Luo Zhida, Chen Shoumo, Zhuang Zhirou, etc., all of whom have reverted to the legend of Lei Fa.

Suzhou Xuanmiaoguan has become the base of the activities of the Shenxiao School in the past dynasties, and many masters such as Wang Wenqing, Mo Yueding, Zhang Shanyuan, Zhou Xuanzhen, etc. have lived here. In the Qing Dynasty, there was Shi Daoyuan, who lived in this inheritance. Shi Daoyuan's character is Liangsheng, alias Tiezhu Daoren, a native of Wu County. Innocent monk, met a stranger Zhang Xinfu to teach Dan Jue. In the nineteenth year, Xu Yanzhen received the five thunder methods from Longhu Mountain, which can drive away the hundred gods, remove the sickness, and then master the mystical view and spread the thunder method. Disciple Hu Deguo, Pan Yuangui, Pan Yuanmo, Hui Yuanmo, Zhang Zili, Shi Shen'an, has reached the world of Jiaqing.

The writings of the Shenxiao School are quite abundant, and its Taoism is characterized by the integration of Neidan, Fu, Zen and Tantric methods, especially the thunder method, which is very worthy of attention and research.

The sect said that its runes came from the beginning of the Qing Wei Tianyuan

Tianzun, hence the name Qingwei faction. Huang Shunshen's name is Lei Yuan, the word is obscure, and he is a native of Jianning, Fujian. When he was fourteen years old, he was critically ill, and Nanbi Dao was in line with the rule of law, and the thunder shook him in court, and his illness was suddenly cured. Look at the immortal whose bones are together, and pay for it by what it has been passed on.

Then with good prayers, fine thunder law, the name of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the opposition, the Southern Song Dynasty Lizong, Yuan Shizu summoned, and the name "Lei Yuan Zhenren". He collected the culmination of the micro-law, "Qin Si wrote, expounded Yang's purpose, and his book began to be prepared." Where there is a prayer, if you hold the left coupon, and can be quiet, in order to repay in the slim desert, Fu Shuang dial carving, how godly. At one time, the princes and princes were eager to get it, and thousands of scholars came from all over the world. "There are 35 disciples who have been passed on by themselves, 30 of them have each obtained a Fa, and only five have obtained the full Fa, namely Zhang Daogui, Xiong Daohui, Ye Yunlai, Liu Daoming, etc. "They are all a generation of master craftsmen, with a harmonious morality, and a bright inner and outer light. “

Compared with other sects, the Qingwei sect attaches great importance to the cultivation of the inner Dan on the basis of inheriting the traditional talismans, and has formed a unique "Qingwei Dan Method". In addition, it also invoked the Buddhist Tantric method of cultivating the Buddha-deity and evolved into the way of "changing gods". Theoretically, it is based on the "clear mind and insight" of Zen Buddhism and the Quanzhen Tao and the "knowledge of things" of Confucianism, and uses the concept of "ten thousand laws and idealism" to lay the foundation for its spell art. All in all, the Qing Wei School's Fu Gong Xue occupies a very important position in Taoist Fu Gong because of its systematic, theoretical, and good compatibility.

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