Xie Baoshu didn't want to say more, so he forced others to ask others and asked about Chen Shifeng's location.

When he found Chen Shifeng, he was still happy and happy. For this kind of person, Xie Baoshu felt that it was not interesting to kill him with a knife. Only by letting him feel hopelessness and experience pain can he truly appreciate the pain.

Pain is a word that is familiar to each of us, and there are many classifications of pain in this world. As far as we human beings are concerned, there are three fundamental sufferings: suffering, bad suffering, and doing suffering. As well as life, old age, sickness, death, unbelievable, love and separation, resentment and hatred, and the five yin and blazing prosperity and other eight branches share suffering.

There is a bodhisattva in Buddhism who also classifies human suffering into two types, physical suffering and mental suffering. Ru Songyun: "The winner is bitter, and the inferior is born from the body, that is, from the two sufferings, the world is bad every day." In other words, the pain of superior people is psychological suffering, such as work pressure, competition worries, and the bitterness of "being overwhelmed by the cold".

The pain of the little people is the physical suffering, such as lack of food and clothing, super-intensive labor, etc., so that these two kinds of pain are constantly annoying all sentient beings. So those who have money in the world are also suffering, and those who have no money are also suffering.

Xie Baoshu wanted Chen Shifeng to experience the real pain.

When he was arrested by Xie Baoshu, he didn't panic at all, and said to Xie Baoshu confidently: "When my family comes, you will immediately kneel down and apologize to me." ”

Xie Baoshu didn't speak, but pulled up Chen Shifeng and came to the state lord's mansion.

Here, he saw Chen Kaishan, who fell to the ground, and his mother, who didn't dare to speak. finally understood that all his backers were gone. Chen Shifeng ran to the side of the Golden Light Divine Monk and shouted, "Godfather, you said you wanted to save me." ”

Jin Guangshen kicked him away: "Who is your godfather?"

Finally, in desperation, he was carried by Xie Baoshu and taken to Bodhi Academy.

It is no more than a hundred years for people to fall to the old age and die at most, which is only a short moment in the long river of history. A person's life is always accompanied by pain, when there is a young time, when there is a young time, when the youth has the pain of youth, when the middle age has the pain of middle age, and when the old age has the pain of old age, a person's life is to struggle in pain. Looking back on life, it can really be described as "life is too short".

So where does the pain come from? Desire. Endless desires. A wise man once said, "The reason why people suffer is that they pursue the wrong things, not so much because others make you miserable, but because you yourself make yourself miserable." That's right, it's right. In fact, this is the case, the more desire increases, the more suffering there is, desire and suffering accompany each other, and suffering is connected with desire. Suffering comes with desire, and suffering goes away with desire; without desire, there is no suffering, and without suffering there is happiness.

People will have desires. Desire is an integral part of human nature and is innate to human beings. It is a form of release of instinct, which constitutes the most intrinsic and basic basis and necessary condition of human behavior. Driven by desire, man constantly occupies objective objects, thus forming a certain relationship with the natural environment and society. Through the satisfaction of desires to a greater or lesser extent, man, as a subject, grasps the object and the environment, and achieves the same with the object and the environment.

But as an instinctive desire, either way

Physiological or psychological, it is impossible to go beyond the structure of history, and its function changes with the changes in historical conditions. Therefore, there is a limit to the validity and necessity of desire. Satisfaction is not absolute, there are always new desires that will be endlessly generated, so desires are endless and can never be satisfied, which will inevitably lead to many psychological and social contradictions that are difficult to regulate.

It is normal for mortals to have desires, but there should be limits. Lust is not terrible, what is terrible is greed. Greed is the root of all evil, the root of all suffering. There is no other solution to the problem of greed than abstinence. The basic doctrine of Buddhism is abstinence. What we study Buddhism is abstinence. The first lesson we take in Buddhism: the three refuges and the five precepts, is how to abstain from desire.

In this world, everyone has desires, and desires, and many troubles arise because they can't get rid of them, and there are knots in their hearts, and people fall into a state of "ignorance" when they have knots, thus creating all kinds of confusion and karma. Abstinence refers to the desire to abstain from desires that are beyond the bounds of reason.

Desire should be abstained from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind, and from killing, stealing, fornication, lying, or drinking. To abstain from desire, we must fight the "active battle", we must quit from the heart, only when the heart is pure, can desire be subdued. Overcoming greed is not an overnight thing, it is a long-term practice thing.

Xie Baoshu abolished Chen Shifeng's cultivation and threw him in front of the old shopkeeper Fu Xueyuan.

Fu Xueyuan recognized Chen Shifeng, he pulled out the evil knife on Xie Baoshu's waist, and slowly walked towards Chen Shifeng.

At this time, the Confucian monk from before came over, came to Xie Baoshu, and said, "The academy is important, it's not suitable to kill people here." ”

Xie Baoshu smiled coldly: "What kind of place is the academy, can you tell me?"

When the Confucian monk talked about this, he was excited.

The name of the academy began in the Tang Dynasty, and it was originally an official place for repairing school books and collecting books, such as Lizheng Shuyuan. The duties of the officers in charge of the academy were to "compile the ancient and modern scriptures in order to identify the great canons of the state and prepare advisers to deal with them", and also served as the emperor's attendants, "to question the meaning of historical books".

In addition, there are some private places for reading and lecturing in Datang, also known as academies.

"At the beginning of the country, the people of the new five seasons were lost, and the scholars were still widowed. The sea is peaceful, and the literary style is very old, and Confucian scholars often rely on the mountains and forests, that is, they are idle to teach, and there are as many as dozens of hundreds of people. Songyang, Yuelu, Suiyang and the cave are especially, and the so-called four academies in the world are also. ”

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the academy was often adjacent to monasteries and Taoist temples, and the address chosen was often in the deep mountains and old forests. For example, the oldest Guangshishan Academy was built in Qilin Mountain in Youxian County, and there are Zhuyang Temple and Huiguang Temple nearby. Li Kuanzhong's Xiucai Academy, which was slightly later than Guangshishan Academy, was built directly in the Truth-seeking Temple of Shigu Mountain.

The scenery here is beautiful and picturesque. Scholars and Taoists in Taoist temples sit and discuss Taoism and edify each other.

Not only is the site of the college very particular, but the founders are also very concerned about the small environment in the college, often planting flowers and trees, moving bamboo and stones, and dressing up the college

。 For example, Jia Dao, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, described the beautiful scenery in General Tian's Academy in the poem "General Tian's Academy": The garden is full of flowers and trees that are half-newly planted, "The stone comes from the far shore of Pinghu Lake." The bamboo shoots burst into the neighborhood, and the ground has several layers of moss through the mountain rain. ”

Why did the college choose its location in the deep mountains and old forests far away from the people? This has a lot to do with the original intention of the academy to rise. In ancient times, academies often appeared when the government school was abolished. The purpose of establishing the academy is, on the one hand, for the imperial examination; On the other hand, in the eyes of some scholars, once the government school became a vassal of the imperial examination, it seriously lost its ability to teach and educate people, and became increasingly corrupt and declining.

Therefore, they used their own strength to establish another academy in order to study knowledge, enlighten the people's wisdom, and return to the essence of education. In their opinion, an ethereal and quiet place is more conducive to learning. For example, there was once a Confucian monk who advised his students: "Don't ask about the foreign affairs of the Infinite Nunnery, this heart talks about the alliance with this mountain." "It's better to go to the top of the mountain and sit still, and don't come down the mountain when you are idle." ”

The management system of the college has the characteristics of clear division of labor and easy operation. Its core is the management system represented by the mountain chief responsibility system and the supporting organizational system, which organizationally ensures the orderly and effective management of the college. One of the most important responsibilities of the mountain chief is to hire teachers for the college. When hiring a teacher, or pay attention to learning and walking.

That is, the imperial examination, so as to ensure that the academic research and teaching level of the academy can meet a certain standard. Below the mountain chief, there are deputy mountain chiefs, hall heads, lecturers and other positions, each of whom performs their own duties and has a clear division of labor, assisting the mountain chief in maintaining the normal teaching order of the college.

The "mountain chief" is actually the person in charge of the college, which is equivalent to what we call the principal today, who is a high and powerful person and the core figure of the college. Liang Zhangju defined the mountain chief in his "Notes on Retreating" in this way: "The person who is in charge of the academy is called the mountain chief. The chief of the mountain is also known as the dean, also known as the lord of the mountain.

With highly respected mountain chiefs and teachers, the academy does not have to worry about having no students. Therefore, the college also sets a high threshold for admission, and there are also written examinations for admission, and the number of students enrolled is limited. Yuelu Academy, "the first of the four great academies in the world", had a "fixed number of 20 scholars", which was later expanded to 30 people.

After the fame of Yuelu Academy went out, more and more people came from afar to study, so "don't set up ten additional students to deal with the four world study tours", which is equivalent to increasing the number of audit places.

Once enrolled in the College, students are required to abide by a series of rules and regulations of the College. Taking Mingdao Academy as an example, students are first required to wear "uniforms", but they are only required to wear dark-colored clothes. The purpose of this is to distinguish students from the general public, and to give students a sense of responsibility and superiority as scholars. In addition, the college also has a "leave book", "lecture book", "moral book", "food book" and "accommodation book" for students.

Among them, the lecture book records the lectures of the mountain chief, the moral industry book records the students' homework, the food book is used to receive money and rice, and the fasting book is used to receive lamp oil and charcoal. Mingdao College also stipulates that students may not take leave for more than three months; Paying homage, attending lectures, and offering classes all need to be registered, and if they are absent three times, they will be "dismissed and lived."

for". This dwelling supply is to stop supplying. In ancient times, most of the academies were far away from the downtown area, and the punishment for giving students money, food, and food was really not small.

What did the students in the academy learn? That is, the Confucian classics such as the Daxue, the Analects, Mencius, and the Mean. The daily study time of students is divided into four periods: after waking up, after breakfast, in the afternoon, and in the evening, and each period has a prescribed learning task. And there are both self-study, discussion, and teacher solving, which is still very scientific.

In order to check the effectiveness of students' learning, the college also has an examination system, which mainly examines two major aspects: moral conduct and academics. The academic examination takes the Yanping Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty as an example, there are three small exams every month, and those who do well will be rewarded with material rewards as soon as the results come out, and they will also accumulate points, and they will be upgraded when they accumulate to a certain extent, which is also linked to economic interests.

From the very beginning of the birth of the academy, scholars who were full of idealism and enthusiasm wanted to run the academy into a pure land. However, in a collision with reality, they eventually had to give in.

In fact, since the Tang Dynasty, when academies were most prosperous, many of the original private academies have gradually been "co-opted" by the government. This kind of co-optation starts with the funds of the college.

The survival and development of the academy is inseparable from funding. The source of funding for the college mostly depends on the school field. At the beginning of the rise of the academy, private funds for running the academy were mainly provided by private land or land donated by others. However, donations alone cannot meet the needs of the College.

Therefore, when the government began to allocate land to the academy, there was no reason why the academy should not accept it. The number of private academies has shrunk dramatically, and more and more academies have come under the hands of the government.

First of all, it is mainly self-study by students. Zhu Xi believes that only when students have the initiative to actively learn and master the methods of self-study can they achieve good learning results. When the master of the college lectures, it is probably an outline, and the students will experience it by themselves according to the depth of it, and the master will only choose one point at a time to focus on playing, and never chase the string of ideas, but focus on allowing students to learn by themselves and think independently.

Secondly, pay attention to inspiration and induction. In the teaching work of the college, teachers mainly focus on academic views and academic works, and teachers only play the role of guides and guides. In teaching, the method of debate is mostly used, focusing on improving students' thinking ability and inspiring students' thinking. College education advocates questioning and giving full play to students' subjective initiative, so heuristic teaching is a common way of college teaching.

The combination of teaching with moral perfection and character cultivation is the greatest feature of the college's teaching purpose. This is in line with the tradition of integrating ethics and moral education into the teaching form in ancient Chinese educational thought.

In teaching, the college always takes the education of knowledge and morality as the purpose of teaching, pays attention to the equal status of knowledge and life, recognizes the importance of practice, and closely links knowledge and behavior, theory and practice, so as to realize the teaching and education in the true sense.

In the academy, famous teachers and giants can stick to their own words while taking the strengths of other families for their own use. Even if there is a clear difference in academic thought, it will not hinder the schools

This fully reflects the "open" teaching attitude of the college.

Lectures are given by renowned scholars, teachers and students from other colleges, as well as students from afar, who come to the college to seek lectures and be welcomed. Scholars gave lectures freely, and students and apprentices listened to lectures freely, breaking through the limitations of time and geography, which had a great impact on the spread and development of culture at that time, and promoted the emergence of the phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought.

The academy is an organized educational place developed in ancient China's private lecture place, and its founders or hosts are mostly Su Xue Hongru at that time. On the one hand, they are committed to the study of their own schools, and there is no unified arrangement or plan for their lectures, and it is entirely up to the leaders of each college to make their own arrangements. They usually combine their research with lectures, and what they teach is the results of their research.

On the other hand, they have a wide range of apprentices, and the teachers are free to choose their apprentices and teach wherever they want, and the scholars are free to choose their teachers and study wherever they want. The college is a very concentrated study tour place, and its lecture activities are very active, and each school has formed an independent group with unique teaching content. In this way, academic research and teaching activities can promote each other and complement each other.

The education and teaching of the college attaches great importance to "practicing and doing", emphasizing that it is necessary to "exhaust reason" and "practice", and emphasizes that reading should not only stay in books and words, but must be seen in one's own practical actions and practiced. Under the guidance of this kind of education, the college requires students to take reading notes frequently, and some of them organize and publish their reading diaries into books, so as to cultivate students' practicality.

At the same time, the College pays attention to cultivating students' creativity, encouraging them to think positively, ask difficult questions, and take the initiative to learn. The teacher explains the difficulties or doubts of the students, reads the books by year, class and class, and guides the students to learn to skim and read intensively, some even memorize them, some only need to browse and dabble in general, and some books are explained to students thoroughly. In this way, students have the ability to create independently, to find their own way, to transcend the conventional views and have a new creative spirit. This kind of educational methods and concepts, which were relatively advanced in the society at that time, played a great role in cultivating students' practicality and creativity.

This is the Academy.

The Confucian monk said that the head was the Tao, but he didn't expect that Xie Baoshu had already begun to sneer at love.

How can you see blood in the important land of the academy?

Xie Baoshu touched his scabbard. asked: "Can't see Xie, how did the left bank of the Fu die, when all the people in the academy died?"

The Confucian monk was a little embarrassed: "This is the negligence of the academy. ”

Xie Baoshu took off his scabbard and slapped it on the face of the Confucian monk, and said, "I'm not here to reason with you today, my sister is dead, dying in the academy." I'm going to get the murderer over now, and I'm going to kill him here. If you want to take care of it, just do it, I'm not afraid. ”

How could this Confucian monk ever experience such humiliation?

It's going to be supernatural.

Unexpectedly, a sword flew into the sky! It was the sword in the hand of Yang Shangui, who circled around the academy and immediately flew back again.

Just for a moment,

This Confucian monk couldn't sense the great array of the academy. His cultivation to the heavens is also useful.

In the academy, all the students came out to see.

Chen Shifeng's cultivation was abolished, and he fell to the ground in pain. The old shopkeeper of Fu Xueyuan took Xie Baoshu's evil knife, walked over slowly, and stabbed Chen Shifeng in the stomach. Before he could scream, he stabbed his backhand again.

At this time, Chen Shifeng finally screamed, but no one could help him.

It's like the left bank of the night.

Knife after knife, Fu Xueyuan's old shopkeeper seemed to be unconscious. The knife in his hand kept being sent to Chen Shifeng's stomach, his eyes were indifferent. It's like a Yama from the underworld, like a wild ghost who asks for his life.

In fact, he was just a father.

(End of chapter)