Sun Yuanqi couldn't help but laugh when he saw the award speech in the message: Was the Nobel Prize selection committee afraid that the teachers and students of Jingshi University would occupy the Nobel Prize in the next 20 years, so it decided to pack it all at once?

For example, Rutherford's research results, in addition to his own 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "studying the metamorphosis of elements and radiochemistry", at least include Chadwick's "discovery of neutrons" (1935 Nobel Prize in Physics), Fermi's "use of neutron radiation to produce artificial radioactive elements" (1938 Nobel Prize in Physics), Hahn's "discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei" (1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry), and Walton and Coklawt's "acceleration of particles to transmutate atomic nuclei" (1951 Nobel Prize in Physics) and four or five other Nobel Prize-level great discoveries.

Although Zhao Jinghui's achievements are not as exaggerated as Rutherford's, in addition to the much-known artemisinin, it also includes three or four Nobel Prize-level achievements, such as Domak's "discovery of the antibacterial effect of sulfonamides" (1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), "the discovery of penicillin and its clinical effects" (1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), and Waxman's "discovery of streptomycin" (1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). Sun Yuanqi in the medical field".

Based on the research results of Rutherford and Zhao Jinghui, each of them can win at least two or more Nobel Prizes. Who knew that the Swedish Academy of Sciences (the body that awards the physics and chemistry prizes) and the Karolinska Institutet (the structure that awards the medicine or physiology prizes) actually colluded to come up with a "tearful sale" and "jump price treatment". It was decided to use one award to clear all the previous achievements of the two. This is really pockmarked and not called pockmarked - called a pit man!

In addition to his emotion, Sun Yuanqi suddenly remembered Cosell, winner of the 1910 Prize in Physiology or Medicine, whose contribution was "through the study of proteins, including nuclear substances." Contribution to the understanding of cell chemistry". For a long time at the beginning of the 20th century, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was mainly awarded to scientists who have made important achievements in major diseases and human physiology, with little attention paid to biotechnology. It was precisely because of the eye-piercing that Sun Yuanqi remembered Koser's name and his achievements.

Thinking of Kossel, Sun Yuanqi suddenly felt inspired: If you want to talk about digging pits, is there anything more pitty than biology? Especially biotechnology. That's the real crater!

From the middle of the twentieth century, there was a great deal of twentieth talk about the second half of the twentieth century as the age of biology. At the turn of the century, some people shouted that the 21st century was the century of biology (life sciences). Inspired by this slogan. Many high-scoring candidates did not hesitate to choose the Department of Biology, and the enrollment of the Department of Biology is becoming more and more popular, and even many of the top students in the college entrance examination in various provinces are distributed in the Department of Biology (now called the School of Life Sciences) or the Department of Biomedical Engineering of Peking University and Tsinghua University. - Biomedical engineering belongs to the engineering category, and many schools are located under medical schools; Biology belongs to the category of science. The two are very different. But how can ordinary high school students tell the difference?

However, the slogan "The 21st century is the century of biology" has been shouted for decades, and only the sound of the stairs is heard, but no one comes down, and the bobbin of the student biographies is like a fly lying on the glass - the future is bright, but there is no way out. Majors such as biotechnology, biological science and engineering, and bioengineering are at the top of the unemployment rankings every year. So much so that many high school teachers have earnestly taught: Don't study a major related to biology in college, once the word "biology" is in your name, you can wait to cry when you look for a job!

In stark contrast to the tragic state of employment in one place, there is a tumult in academia. Especially in biotechnology, the state has to invest billions of yuan in it every year. The papers concocted by scholars are even more abundant. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine also seems to have a soft spot for this. Prior to the fifties of the twentieth century, it took an average of 10 years for one award to biotechnology. From the late fifties, the limelight began to shift abruptly, and it was awarded almost every three or four years; At the turn of the 21st century, if biotechnology is not awarded for two consecutive years, there will be an uproar in the public opinion circles.

Of course, Sun Yuanqi does not want to deny the important value and great significance of the existence of these disciplines, on the contrary, he feels that in the near future, biotechnology and life sciences will inevitably shine and affect the direction of human development and the way of survival. The reason why biology, especially biotechnology, is considered to be a huge pit is that it will cost a lot of energy and countless funds from the Western scientific community, but the results of research will hardly bring huge economic benefits and will not endanger the national security of other countries.

Is physics too far away from biology? It is inevitable that some people will have such doubts.

In fact, physics and biology are not far away, biophysics is an interdisciplinary discipline combining physics and biology, and it is one of the important sub-disciplines and fields of life science. Moreover, physicists do not always stick to their own one-third of an acre, they also like to do private work that crosses the line, and sometimes even does it decently. For example, the most basic word "cell" in biology is named after the famous British physicist Hooke who used a self-made microscope to observe plant tissues and discovered plant cells in 1665 (in fact, what he saw was the cell wall), which is still in use today; Schrödinger, a master of quantum physics, also published in 1944 What is Life? The book has enabled many physicists to enter the field of life science research and promoted the rapid development of genetics.

Although I have made up my mind to make a big difference in the direction of biology, biology is so broad that it is undoubtedly more important to choose a suitable topic. Moreover, Sun Yuanqi is only a traversal, not an anomalous person, and his understanding of biology is limited to middle school textbooks and what he learned from browsing the web and watching TV, and there are not many things that can be written.

In the following days, Sun Yuanqi went to various provinces to inspect speeches and actively canvassed votes, while also taking time to collect information and think about the content of the article. A few weeks later, Sun finally decided on his main focus: genetics. Genetics is the core discipline of life sciences, which is the study of the structure and function of genetic material and the transmission and expression of genetic information.

It is said to be ancient because people have been very interested in heredity for a long time, and the old Chinese proverb "dragons give birth to dragons, phoenixes give birth to phoenixes, and the sons of mice will make holes" vividly reflects what heredity is. In the West, as early as the 5th century B.C., Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek doctor who was respected as the "father of medicine" in the West, put forward the first well-known heredity theory, that is, the reason why offspring have the characteristics of parents is because of the concentration of tiny representative elements from various parts of the body in semen or embryos, that is, the acquired traits and physiognomy are inherited.

It is said that it is new because Mendel's paper "Plant Hybridization Experiment", which has been buried in the pile of old paper for 35 years, was dug up in 1900 by Devereth in the Netherlands, Corens in Germany and Cermak in Austria to resurface. The name GEICS was then proposed by the British geneticist Bateson in 1909. This marked the birth of genetics as a new discipline.

Although in 1912, the famous American biologist Morgan led his three disciples to put forward the law of linkage and exchange two years ago based on the research of Drosophila melanogaster, which together with Mendel's law of separation and the law of free combination is called the "three laws of genetics", marking the initial establishment of classical genetics, but in Sun Yuanqi's view, genetics is still a vast world and has great achievements.

For example, the theory of genetics. In the real history of science, it was in 1926 that Morgan published his magnum opus, The Theory of Genetics, which established the famous theory of genetics.

For example, the genetic material is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), not proteins. - It seems to be common knowledge for people with a secondary school biology education that DNA is the carrier of biological genetic information. However, when Avery and his colleagues published this theory in 1944, it caused great surprise and skepticism in the genetics community. It was not until the mid-50s that this theory was generally accepted by the genetics community. The aging Avery did not wait for this day to sail west, thus losing the opportunity to win the Nobel Prize, which became one of the great regrets in the history of twentieth-century science.

For example, the model of the DNA double helix structure. ——This was proposed by American scientists Watson and Crick in 1953, thus opening the era of molecular biology and making the study of heredity go deep into the molecular level. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.

For example, clone technology. This term was first used by Haldane in 1963 in a lecture entitled "The Biological Possibilities of the Human Race in the Next 20,000 Years", but it became known to the public all over the world because of the sheep "Dolly" that was successfully cloned by somatic cells at the Rosslyn Institute in the United Kingdom in 1996.

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Moreover, genetics has the characteristics of rapid development, strong application, and multidisciplinary integration, and even the superficial knowledge that Sun Yuanqi was exposed to at that time can be regarded as the top theory in the early 20th century. The main reason why Sun Yuanqi chose genetics is that genetics is a speculative discipline, not a descriptive one. The study of genetics is much like physics, in that a hypothesis is deduced from natural phenomena or experimental data, and then tested experimentally. This is undoubtedly the most suitable for Sun Yuanqi to work behind closed doors, and it can also save countless troubles in the future.

Once the direction was determined, Sun Yuanqi quickly began the code word plan. (To be continued.) )