And these are just one of the ingredients for the Buddha jumping over the wall. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

In the Buddha jumping over the wall, there is another ingredient that plays a very important role, and that is abalone!

Abalone is one of the precious "sea treasures", delicious and nutritious, and is known as the "soft gold" of the ocean. Abalone is a precious marine edible shellfish, known as "the gold of the table, the crown of sea treasures", its meat is delicate, nutritious, fresh edible part of the protein 24%, fat 0.44%; The dry product contains 40% protein, 33.7% glycogen, 0.9% fat, as well as a variety of vitamins and trace elements, which is a high-protein, low-fat food that is very beneficial to the human body. Abalone is rich in glutamic acid and tastes very fresh *********** fish (Abalone), which is called fish, but in fact it is not a fish, a primitive marine shellfish, and a monovalve mollusc. Because of its shape that resembles a human ear, it is also called "Sea-ear". Abalone is usually grown on the seabed at low water temperatures, covering the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and is recognized as the best source of abalone in northern Japan and Mexico, and the northeastern part of Japan is also a traditional production area. Among the 216 species of abalone named in the world, there are 7 species of abalone distributed along the coast of China, among which the wrinkled abalone produced in the Bohai Bay in the north and the variegated abalone in the southeast coast are the most common.

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The outer part of the abalone's body is covered with a thick calcareous shell, and its shell is a right-handed spiral-shaped shell. The single-walled shell of abalone is hard, right-handed in shell-shaped, and has a dark greenish-brown surface. The purple, green, white and other colors on the inside of the shell complement each other, and the pearls are magnificent.

In addition, the shells of abalone have a spiral arrangement of protrusions that gradually increase from the top of the shell to the ventral surface. These protrusions form holes in some penetrating holes near the end of the spiral layer, and the number of holes varies with the species. There are 4~5 large abalone distributed in northern China, and 7~9 variegated abalone distributed in southern China. In ancient China, the abalone was named "nine-hole snail", which came from this characteristic of it.

The soft part has a wide and flat flesh foot, the soft body is oblate, yellowish-white, the big one is like a tea bowl, and the small one is like a copper coin. It is on this thick foot and flat plantar surface that the abalone clings to the rocks and crawls among the reef shelters and burrows. The adhesion of the abalone meat foot is quite amazing. An abalone with a shell length of 15 cm has a suction force of up to 200 kg on its feet. No matter how strong the wind and waves hit, they can't lift it. When catching an abalone, you can only take advantage of its unpreparedness and shovel it down or overturn it with a lightning speed, otherwise you will never want to take it off even if you smash its shell.

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The head of the abalone is well developed, and its two antennae are thin and long when extended. At the base of the antennae there is a short protrusion on the dorsal side of the antennae, and the end of the protrusion grows an eye. Between the two antennae there is the cephalic lobe, the ventral surface of the cephalic lobe has a snout that extends forward, and the front end of the snout has a mouth. The mouth has a powerful toothed tongue, which is a unique organ of many shellfish, and it is a chitin band with rows of small teeth shaped like a file, which shellfish use to scrape and grind food. Generally speaking, herbivorous species have a large number of small teeth, and in the apex garden, carnivorous species have fewer small teeth, but they are powerful, and the apex often has hooks or spines. Abalone is a herbivorous species, so it has an extremely high number of small teeth on the lingual band.

The feet of abalone are particularly thick and are divided into two parts, upper and lower. The upper foot has many antennae and hillocks that are used to sense the outside world; The lower foot is oval when extended, and the ventral surface is flat, making it suitable for attachment and crawling. We eat abalone mainly because we eat the muscles of its feet.

The mantle of abalone is the same shape as the shell, covering the entire back of the body, and unlike other snails, there is a crack on the right side of the mantle of abalone, and the position of this crack is comparable to the position of the hole on the edge of the shell, and tentacles grow on the edge of the crack. When the abalone is active, these tentacles protrude from the pores of the shell and act as a function of taste. Cracks on the edges of the mantle are characteristic of primitive gastropods, such as the snails, the famous red snails, and keyhole snails.

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Abalone is very squeamish, it is difficult to breed, and the slightest carelessness will be "wiped out". Therefore, scientific water purification methods are indispensable. The direct introduction of seawater cannot be used for abalone farming, and it needs to be purified, and farmers have been using sand filtration technology to purify the seawater. In addition, ultraviolet light seawater purification technology can kill some bacteria and microorganisms in seawater that are not conducive to the growth of abalone, and at the same time can retain microorganisms that are conducive to the growth of abalone, so that the yield of abalone is greatly improved, and the survival rate of abalone fry is increased by nearly 70%.

Autumn is the season of rapid growth, so you need to feed enough fresh bait every 4~5 days. In winter, the water temperature is low, the food intake of abalone is small, and fresh algae will not rot when soaked in water for 7~8 days, so it can be baited every 8~10 days in winter. Note: Each bait should be done after removing bait residue and abalone excrement and replacing fresh seawater. Abalone likes dried young seaweed, in the absence of fresh seaweed, can use dried algae soaked as bait feeding, and algae feeding to mix effect is good, in the algae wakame, goose intestine vegetables, kelp, horsetail and so on are abalone more like to eat seaweed, bait effect is good, growth rate is fast. The test results of laver, which are relatively rich in local resources, are not ideal, and have a great impact on the digestion of abalone.

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The main producing areas of abalone in the world are Australia, China, Japan, the United States, Mexico, South Africa and other countries. Due to the high economic value of abalone, abalone-producing countries attach great importance to the artificial nursery and cultivation of abalone. In the past, the use of abalone in China was limited to natural harvesting. In the past 20 years, artificial seedling breeding and large-scale cultivation of abalone have been carried out from the south to the north. In Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian and other places, the construction of a number of abalone nurseries and farms with advanced facilities and production technology can produce a considerable amount of abalone seedlings and commercial abalone every year. China's abalone artificial nursery and breeding has formed a set of mature technology and considerable production scale.

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In 1992, Putian City introduced abalone fry from Lianjiang for trial breeding: in 1993, nearly 2000m2 of factory abalone breeding farm was built in Houkeng Village, Zhongmen, and the introduction of wrinkled abalone seedling demonstration breeding and artificial seedling work, which successfully cultivated millions of seedlings that year, and Putian abalone began to develop year by year. In 1998, Ou Junxin et al. carried out the test work of wrinkle pan Baohai district service hanging culture, and after 20 months of hanging care, they achieved as high as 83. The survival rate of 53% and the input-output ratio are 1:2.76 with a high rate of return, thus setting off a round of abalone breeding boom in the city and even the province again. Xiujun District of Putian City has now become the largest production base of shallow sea floating child cage abalone in the country. Up to now, the abalone breeding scale in the area has reached 18,800 cages, with a breeding scale of 500 million grains, accounting for about a quarter of the country's aquaculture volume, with an annual output of 5,000 tons and an output value of 1 billion yuan. Since 2001, there are 38 factory abalone seedling production units in Yutian City, with a seedling area of 137,000 square meters, more than 80 million abalone fry per cultivation, and more than 20,000 people directly and indirectly engaged in abalone production and operation.