Raft culture is to set up a floating raft in the sea area, put the young abalone into a container, and hang it on the floating raft for culture. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 It is characterized by the use of aquaculture rafts similar to kelp, scallops, oysters, etc., and the investment in breeding facilities and equipment is small; The water exchange conditions are excellent, the dissolved oxygen content is high, and the pumping and aeration costs are saved; The feeding bait is easy to maintain freshness; The management is relatively simple, and the expansion of the scale of breeding is less limited. The disadvantages of raft culture are: the environment of the aquaculture sea area is difficult to control, and it is greatly affected by temperature and salinity changes, seawater pollution and disease invasion; susceptible to oyster attachment in natural marine areas; It is susceptible to damage by strong winds and waves at sea, and the equipment and facilities are easy to lose, and the safety performance is poor.

……

Through more than 10 years of development, the scale of abalone breeding in Putian City has continued to develop, and there are countless examples of abalone getting rich, and there have been Nanri Town, Leyu Island and other nationally famous abalone villages and towns where breeding is concentrated. Driven by the high interest of aquaculture, the disorderly expansion of abalone farming, the breeding density is high, the domestic garbage in the breeding area is discharged at will, the dead abalone is littered at will, the tide is not smooth, the excrement of abalone, the residual feed and production, and the domestic garbage can not be discharged in time, in the high temperature period, the tide is low, and the season changes its period, it is easy to cause local water quality deterioration, and abalone diseases follow, such as baculovirus bubble disease, etc., resulting in the death of abalone. From 2000 to 2001, there was a history of a large number of deaths from Nanri Island abalone bubble disease. The lack of unified planning for the layout of aquaculture in sea areas, pollution control in sea areas, and standardization of abalone farming will be the problems that must be solved to improve the quality of aquaculture.

……

With the breakthrough of hybrid breeding technology between Japanese abalone and northern China, the survival rate of hybrid abalone seedlings in the sea area of Putian City has reached more than 60% on average, and the abalone seedling industry continues to develop. However, there are still the following problems in the current abalone seedling breeding in Putian City: first, the source of abalone is complex, most of them are taken from local abalone, and only a few enterprises introduce the second or third generation of abalone or concentrated larvae from the north or Japan; The second is inbreeding, most of the nursery farms can not select the relatives of different families according to the technical specifications, resulting in poor quality of the seedlings; Third, the phenomenon of using banned drugs in the seedling process exists from time to time, because the hatchery owners and technicians do not have a strong sense of food safety and quality, in the seedling process, the epidemic prevention measures are not enough or not in place, and when the seedlings are diseased, they still use drugs based on experience, and use some highly efficient but also high residue banned drugs, such as simrazolidone, chloramphenicol, etc., resulting in the drug residues of the finished abalone exceeding the standard, unable to meet the requirements of domestic and foreign standards and regulations.

……

Due to the lack of the concept of safe drug use by technical experts who studied abalone farming in the early years, the one-sided pursuit of cheap and efficient drugs, regardless of whether the drugs used are prohibited and whether they have high residues, there is an abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance, and farmers use chloramphenicol, furanfurone and other prohibited drugs in China and other countries in the world with experience, and the drug residues of abalone products cannot be passed. Therefore, scientific breeding and rational use of drugs are the principles that should be followed in abalone farming in Putian City.

Due to the lack of normative guidance, farmers only rely on some experience and habits to manage abalone farming, such as the use of pry abalone, alcohol anesthetization of abalone and other reckless practices, which will lead to abalone death. Another example is littering domestic garbage at sea and excreting feces at will, which will also damage the environment and easily cause abalone disease. Some farmers do not consider the freshness of the meal, greedy for cheap, buy and use some spoiled, moldy seaweed, and the amount of feed is too large, blocking the breeding box, resulting in the death of abalone due to local hypoxia; Uneaten feed is easy to deteriorate, resulting in high ammonia nitrogen and abalone poisoning death. The requirements for marine biological breeding feed should be nutritionally complete, fresh and fed in an appropriate amount, otherwise, abnormal growth will occur

……

Artificially control the ecological environment conditions of aquaculture, so that the breeding environment can meet the growth and development needs of abalone as much as possible; Various breeding modes and epidemic prevention methods can maintain normal activities and physiological functions of abalone, and resist the invasion of pathogens and sudden changes in the environment through the immune system of the abalone itself. Feed with appropriate feed that fully meets the nutritional needs of the abalone; Effectively prevent the large-scale occurrence of diseases and reduce the harm of diseases as much as possible. Its specific measures mainly include the following aspects.

In view of the blind development of aquaculture and the disorderly scale of aquaculture driven by economic interests in recent years, the legislative process of the industry should be accelerated and the macro should be strengthened

Observation and control, the implementation of regional management, to prevent blind development, control the total amount of aquaculture, adhere to the development and conservation of simultaneously, the use and protection of the policy of abalone

Aquaculture operations. Optimize breeding conditions, transform the structure of existing breeding facilities, carry out research on environmentally friendly and clean facilities and breeding technology, research and development work

Research on water quality regulation and treatment technology of factory aquaculture, engineering and automation technology of breeding facilities, and ecological three-dimensional comprehensive aquaculture technology.

……

Improving varieties is the key to promoting the sustainable development of abalone farming, disease-resistant, stress-resistant new varieties of aquaculture can not only reduce the occurrence of diseases, reduce the risk of aquaculture, increase the efficiency of aquaculture, but also can avoid the possible harm caused by a large number of drugs to the water body and the impact on human health. At present, in order to make breakthroughs in this area, we must rely on the combination of modern biotechnology and traditional breeding technology, and adopt transgenic technology, cloning technology, polyploidy technology, female (male) nuclear development technology, selective breeding, hybrid breeding, large-scale cultivation technology of high-health and high-quality seedlings, and seedling cultivation engineering technology and other technologies to cultivate excellent new varieties, in addition, it is necessary to carry out research on the introduction, domestication and utilization of foreign excellent varieties, in short, to improve the quality of breeding varieties as soon as possible through various ways. Accelerate the growth rate of farmed varieties, enhance disease resistance and endurance to the environment, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield.

……

According to the growth needs of abalone, choose different specifications of bait feeding, fresh and delicate kelp, wakame, and dragon's mustard are abalone more fond of feeding, and the bait selection and treatment should be careful before feeding, and the feeding amount should be adjusted in time according to the need. After the abalone seedlings are attached, if the number of benthic diatoms is insufficient, fertilization measures can be taken to promote the growth and reproduction of benthic diatoms to avoid the lack of basic bait organisms and cause the abalone seedlings to fall off the board and die. It is also necessary to strengthen the research on the full-price nutritional compound feed for abalone breeding, develop additives with the functions of inducing, promoting growth, antibacterial and disease prevention, and develop green and environmentally friendly feed with high quality, good absorption and help to improve immune function. The rational use of high-quality and efficient feed plays a decisive role in improving the quality of abalone aquaculture products in China, reducing costs, reducing diseases, preventing environmental pollution, and improving economic benefits.