In the next few months, Hua Feng slowly memorized the hundred schools of thought in his mind, just like a grand inheritance of rituals.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Legalist thought, as a major faction, put forward the idea and concept of the rule of law that still has far-reaching influence, which is enough to see that they attached great importance to the legal system and regarded the law as a compulsory tool conducive to social rule.

The birth of contemporary Chinese law is influenced by Legalist thought, which still has a strong political, cultural, and moral constraints on a country, and has a far-reaching impact on the modern legal system.

Economically, this school of thought advocates abolishing wells and fields, emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, and rewarding ploughing and warfare; politically, it advocates abolishing feudal divisions, establishing counties and counties, and having an absolute monarchy, using power and techniques, and ruling by severe punishment and law; and ideologically and educationally, it advocates taking the law as a teaching and officials as teachers. Its doctrine provided a theoretical basis and a strategy for action for the establishment of a unified dynasty with an absolute monarchy.

Legalists advocate "rule of law" and put forward a whole set of theories and methods. This provided an effective theoretical basis for the later establishment of the centralized Qin Dynasty, which inherited the centralized system and legal system of the Qin Dynasty and became the main body of politics and legal system in ancient Chinese feudal society.

Legalists valued the law, opposed the Confucian "rites", opposed the hereditary privileges of the aristocracy to monopolize economic and political interests, and demanded private ownership of land and the granting of official positions according to merit and talent. The role of the law is to "settle disputes", that is, to clarify the ownership of objects.

The ultimate purpose of meritorious service is to enrich the country and strengthen the army and win the war of annexation. Legalists oppose conservative retro ideas and advocate resolute reforms.

They believe that history is moving forward, and that all laws and systems must develop along with the development of history, and that they cannot go back in retrospect, nor can they stick to the old ways and put forward the proposition that "the law is not the past, and the present is not followed." Han Fei collected the Legalist Mahayana and proposed that "time shifts and the rule is not easy to cure the chaos", satirizing the old-fashioned Confucianism as a stupid person who waits for the rabbit.

There are 217 works of Legalists in the Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles, nearly half of which are extant, the most important of which are the Book of Shang Jun and Han Feizi.

The Legalist classics listed in the Sui Book of Classics include 19 volumes of Guanzi, 5 volumes of Shangjunshu, 3 volumes of Shenzi, 10 volumes of Shenzi, 20 volumes of Han Feizi, 3 volumes of Xinshu, 6 volumes of Zheng Lun, 10 volumes of **, 5 volumes of Political Commentary, 12 volumes of Ruan Zizheng, 12 volumes of Shiyao, 14 volumes of Chen Zi Yaoyan, and 5 volumes of Cai Situ's Difficult Treatise.

Representative figures of Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi. Works: Analects, Mencius, Xunzi

Confucianism is one of the important schools of thought in the Warring States Period, which takes Confucius as its teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period, takes the Six Arts as the law, advocates "etiquette and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and impartiality of the "golden mean", advocates "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attaches importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation.

Confucianism has the function of strengthening education, believing that emphasizing education and light punishment is the only way for the country to be stable and the people to be prosperous and happy.

He advocated that "there is no class in education" and that both the rulers and the ruled should be educated, so that the whole country can become people with high morals. Politically, he also advocated governing the country with propriety and convincing people with virtue, called for the restoration of "Zhou Li", and believed that "Zhou Li" was the ideal road to realize ideal politics. By the time of the Warring States Period, Confucianism was divided into eight schools, the most important of which were Mencius and Xunzi.

Mencius's thought is mainly "the people are noble and the king is light", advocating the ruler to implement "benevolent government", in the discussion of human nature, he believes that human nature is inherently good, and put forward the "theory of sexual goodness", which is completely different from Xunzi's "theory of sexual evil", the reason why Xunzi put forward the inherent evil of human nature, is also a more acute manifestation of social contradictions in the Warring States Period.

Confucius, Mingqiu, the word Zhongni, was a native of Lu Guoyi (now Qufu, Shandong), and his ancestral home was Song Guoli (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan).

According to historical records, he was born in the 22nd year of Lu Xianggong (551 BC) and died in the 16th year of Lu Ai (479 BC) at the age of seventy-three. He was the founder of Confucianism and was revered by later generations as the "Master of All Ages" and also known as the "Sage".

Confucius traveled around the world, successively to Wei, Chen, Cai, Chu, and Song, and preached his political ambitions, but none of them could get the essentials. Confucius could not stretch his ambitions, and was disheartened, so he returned to the state of Lu for the eleventh year of Lu Aigong, and Confucius was sixty-eight years old.

From then on, he devoted himself to lecturing and writing, during which time he and his disciples re-compiled the Five Classics and wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to record the major events of the Spring and Autumn period and expound Confucian values.

His main contribution in his life was to lay the foundation of education, he adopted conservatism in politics and advocated the restoration of the Western Zhou ritual and music system, but in education, he advocated enlightened and heuristic education methods such as "teaching students according to their aptitude" and "teaching without class", as well as his pioneering insights in the field of thought, which indirectly promoted the formation of the cultural flourishing phenomenon of "Hundred Schools of Thought" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Five years later, Confucius died at the age of seventy-three.

Later, the disciples excerpted the words of the teacher's life and compiled them into the Analects, which is Confucius's "Words and Deeds", which has high literary value and is a must-read classic of Confucianism.

Mencius is a native of Zou (now Zoucheng, Shandong). He was born in the fourth year of King Lie of Zhou (372 BC) and died in the twenty-sixth year of King Zhen (289 BC). He was the second disciple of Confucius's Sun Tzu Si and a Confucian master after Confucius.

Under the education of his mother, Mencius studied hard, and after completing his studies, he appointed himself as the successor of Confucius, recruited disciples, and traveled around the world, preaching the ideas of "benevolent government" and "royal road", advocating that "the people are precious, the community is secondary, and the monarch is light". He has been to Qi, Song, Lu, Teng, Liang and other countries, and has met King Hui of Liang, King Xuan of Qi and other monarchs.

Although he was respected and courteous, because he was considered conservative and out of line with the trend of the time, and was not reused, only Teng Wengong tried to promote his political ideas.

In his later years, Mencius returned to his hometown to give lectures, and with his disciples Wan Zhang, Gongsun Chou, etc., engaged in the work of writing books, and wrote the seven articles of "Mencius". Its titles are: King Hui of Liang, Gongsun Chou, Duke Teng Wen, Lilou, Wan Zhang, Gaozi and Dedication. Because each article is very large, and it is divided into two parts, the first and the second, so the whole book has a total of 14 volumes. Mencius's sayings and deeds are almost all preserved in these seven articles.

Xunzi, a native of Xunyi (now Anze, Shanxi), was born in the second year of King Hao of Zhou (313 BC) and died in the ninth year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC), a famous thinker and educator in the late Warring States period. There are very few records about Xunzi, and there are quite discrepancies. Xunzi is the biggest representative of Confucianism after Confucius and Mencius.

His thoughts were recorded in the book Xunzi, which had a wide and far-reaching impact on China's feudal society for more than 2,000 years. Xunzi once traveled to Yan, Qi, Chu, Qin, Zhao and other countries, and later served as Lanling Ling (now Lanling Town, Lanling County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), and lived in Lanling until his death.

When Xunzi was in Lanling, Xunzi began to teach and write, and the famous Han Fei and Li Si were his students at this time, and he also completed his representative work "Xunzi" during this time. Although Xunzi was the heir of Confucianism, he did not blindly accept Confucianism in its entirety. On the contrary, Xunzi integrated and exerted Confucianism, and put forward theories such as "sexual evil" that had a profound impact on later generations.

Taoist representatives: Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi, Shen Dao, Yang Zhu. Works: "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi", "Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor", etc.

Taoism is named after the core concept of "Tao", which was first seen in the Western Han Dynasty historian Sima Tan's "On the Essence of the Six Schools", which was also called a moralist at the beginning.

In a broad sense, it is mainly divided into three factions: Lao Zhuang faction, Huang Lao faction, and Yang Zhu faction, among which the Lao Zhuang faction takes the avenue as the root, takes nature as the company, takes heaven and earth as the teacher, respects nature, and takes nothing as the foundation, advocating pure emptiness and self-control, non-action self-transformation, all things are the same, Taoism is natural, away from politics, and at ease.

Its representative figures are Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi, etc.; the Huang Lao school is based on nothingness, uses the following as the use, adopts the goodness of Confucianism and ink, and summarizes the essence of the law. Advocating simple etiquette, inclusiveness, migration with the times, changes in response to things, and living in accordance with the law, governing the country according to law, deleting the complicated and simplifying, and recuperating, the political ideal is a great unification, which embodies the characteristics of "separation from the body for use", and has become a first-aid kit for the government to govern the world after the previous chaos.

Its representative figures are Shen Dao, Tian Piao, Huan Yuan, etc.; the Yang Zhu faction advocates the whole life to avoid harm, to honor oneself for oneself, to attach importance to the preservation of one's own life, and to oppose the encroachment of others by others, and also opposes one's own encroachment on others. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, because it was not allowed to be allowed in the world, it was annihilated. However, his idea of preserving one's life was inherited by Taoism.

Taoist philosophy is different from the approach of Confucian social philosophy, and directly starts from the side of the principle of the operation of the Heavenly Dao, and develops the philosophy of "Dao" based on natural righteousness and neutral righteousness.

The operation of the Tao of Heaven has its own natural principle, and the philosophy of the Tao is to explain the connotation of this principle, so as to propose a lively and free world space.

Through the understanding of the unlimited, non-attachment of this operating order of the world, Taoist philosophy has developed a social philosophy that is very different from Confucianism, in which society is only an object of existence, and people living in it should have their own freedom of independent existence without being bound by any ideology. Therefore, the attitude towards social responsibility does not pre-exist, but can have an attitude and existence position that respects human autonomy more.

Therefore, the Taoist Huang Lao faction actively participated in social and political activities, and put forward a series of political, economic and military propositions such as following nature, following the trend, leniency and simplifying administration, and recuperation, while the Lao Zhuang faction believed that reality was full of constraints and restrictions, from the big Kunpeng to the small quill dove, all of which needed to rely on certain external conditions to move, that is, they were all "fearful".

In order to get rid of all shackles and achieve complete spiritual freedom, we need a "free life" attitude.