Many things that had once been vague became clear in Hua Feng's mind, just like every wonderful encounter before.

Black holes are like a bottomless abyss in the universe, and once matter falls into it, it can never escape. According to the "contradictory" viewpoint that we are familiar with, scientists have boldly speculated that there is also a kind of "spring" in the universe where matter can only enter and exit?

Scientists speculate that white holes also have a closed boundary similar to that of black holes, but unlike black holes, the matter and radiation inside the white hole can only move through the boundary to the outside of the boundary, while the matter and radiation outside the white hole cannot enter its interior. Figuratively speaking, the white hole is like a source that constantly spews out matter and energy, which provides matter and energy to the outside world, but does not absorb the external matter and energy.

So far, white holes are only conjectures of scientists, and no evidence has been observed that would indicate the possible existence of white holes. There has been no major breakthrough in theoretical research. However, the latest research may lead to an exciting conclusion: the "white hole" is likely to be the "black hole" itself, which means that the black hole absorbs matter at one end and ejects it at the other, like a giant space-time tunnel.

Scientists have shown that it is actually possible for black holes to emit energy outward. According to modern physical theories, energy and mass can be converted into each other. This theoretically predicts the possibility of "integration of black holes and white holes".

It is too early to fully understand the mysteries of black and white holes. But with each bit of progress the scientists have made, the results have been exciting. We believe that the key to the mystery of the universe lies behind the mysteries of black and white holes.

There are two different views on how white holes are formed.

A view that most astronomers agree with is that when the universe is born, that is, when the universe begins to explode from the original state of extreme density and extremely high temperature, due to the incomplete and uneven explosion, some ultra-dense matter may be left that has not exploded for the time being, but will have to wait for a certain period of time before it begins to expand and explode, and these remaining dense materials will become the core of new local expansion, that is, the white hole.

Some of the explosions of dense matter cores have been delayed by about 10 billion or 20 billion years (depending on whether the age of the universe is 10 billion or 20 billion years, and the age of the universe is currently an open mystery).

Their explosion led to the various high-energy astrophysical phenomena in the universe that we observe today. For this reason, the white hole is also known as the "delayed nucleus". According to delayed nuclear theory, 10 billion or 20 billion years ago, our universe was a giant white hole.

In addition to the delayed kernel theory, another view is that white holes can be transformed directly from black holes, and that the ultra-dense matter in white holes is obtained by gravitational collapse to form black holes.

The traditional black hole theory holds that black holes have only absolute attraction and do not emit any matter and radiation to the outside world. In the 70s, there was an outstanding British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, based on the theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics, made further research on black holes, and made major revisions to the traditional black hole theory. Stephen Hawking's insights into black holes caused a sensation in the scientific community, for which he was awarded the 1978 Einstein Prize.

Hawking believed that black holes have a certain temperature and will steadily emit various particles outward in a manner similar to thermal radiation, which is called "spontaneous evaporation".

The evaporation rate of a black hole is related to the mass of the black hole, the more massive the black hole, the lower the temperature, the slower the evaporation, and conversely, the lower the mass of the black hole, the higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation. For example, a black hole with a mass equivalent to the Sun takes about 1066 years to evaporate completely, while some small primary black holes can evaporate completely in 10-23 seconds.

The evaporation of the black hole reduces the mass of the black hole, which increases the temperature of the black hole, which in turn further intensifies spontaneous evaporation. If this process continues, the evaporation of the black hole will intensify and eventually end in a violent "anti-collapse" explosion. This process happens to be a white hole that is constantly ejecting material outward.

At present, the view that this kind of white hole is directly transformed from a black hole has attracted more and more attention from scientists in various countries.

Since the concept of white holes was proposed, it can be used to explain some high-energy astrophysical phenomena, so it has aroused the interest of many astronomers, and then they have also made some discussions and studies on the problem of white holes.

Despite this, scientists' interest in white holes is far less intense than their interest in black holes, and their research work is far less extensive and in-depth than their research on black holes, and they have not made as much progress in their observations and identification as they have been.

All in all, the theory of white holes is still only a scientific hypothesis at present, whether there really is such a celestial body as a white hole in the universe? How did a white hole come to be? Was our universe a white hole before it was born?

Since the concept of white holes was proposed to explain the physical phenomena of high-energy celestial bodies, what is the connection between white holes and high-energy celestial bodies?

A white hole is a celestial body in which matter cannot enter or exit, but it is also a source of strong gravity for the outer region. It can continuously attract surrounding dust, gases and various radiations to its boundary, but these materials cannot enter the interior of the white hole, and can only form a layer of matter outside the boundary that surrounds the white hole.

Inside the White Hole, the matter gathered near the central singularity is an ultra-dense substance, which contains various elementary particles, even gravitons, and also gathers extremely large amounts of energy.

At first, these substances are in some kind of equilibrium, but they have a tendency to expand outward. When expansion is caused for some reason, the density of the substance keeps decreasing during the expansion process. If it is reduced to a certain level, it will cause the decay process of the particles, which will emit various high-energy particles, photons, neutrinos, etc.

The material emitted from the interior of the white hole has a high velocity, and the material that is attracted to its boundaries by the white hole also has a high velocity. It is not difficult to imagine how violent the collision between them on the boundary of the white hole must have been, both in and out, at high speeds. With the violent collision, there will inevitably be an unusually huge amount of energy released.

If quasars or active galactic nuclei have massive white holes in their centers, then the enormous energy released by them can be seen as the result of the interaction of the white hole's outward ejection with the accretion at its boundary, which is the white hole's explanation of the mystery of the energy of high-energy astrophysical phenomena, a special object predicted by the general theory of relativity as the opposite of a black hole. The "white hole" theory is mainly used to explain some high-energy celestial phenomena, called the white hole phenomenon.

As the ultimate development, black holes will inevitably lead to another ultimate in white holes. In fact, in the theory of the expansive explosion cosmology, the singularity of the primordial fireball has long been encountered, and this problem has actually been bothering scientists.

The maximum mass of this singularity is similar to the density and singularity of a black hole, but their mechanism of activity is quite the opposite. The discovery of high-energy ultra-dense matter shows the possibility of the existence of black holes, and naturally also shows the possibility of the existence of white holes.

Moreover, what is the fate of the matter that flows into the black hole, whether it accumulates forever in the infinitesimal singularity until the universe is destroyed, or does it emerge in another universe?

If a black hole goes from something to nothing, then a white hole should go from nothing. Soviet scientists in the 60s began to come up with the concept of white holes, and scientists did a lot of work, but this concept is not as common as black holes, and it seems that white holes seem more illusory.

The problem is that we are already familiar with the gravitational field, and there are mathematical theories to follow in evolving from stars and galaxies to black holes, but we are still at a loss as to what triggers white holes. In any case, the universe has been triggered at least once, so the study of white holes is obviously more closely related to the study of the origin of the universe, so the theory of white holes is usually combined with cosmology. Efforts are directed not in the philosophical debate over the relative nature of black and white holes, but in the question of their physical mechanisms.

Some people think that the core of a quasar may be a white hole. When the super-dense matter gathered near the center point of the white hole is ejected outward, it will violently collide with the matter around it, releasing a huge amount of energy. Therefore, some phenomena such as X-rays, cosmic rays, radio bursts, and radio dual sources may be related to this effect of white holes.

The universe is like our room, the white hole is the tap water, only not in and out, and the black hole is the sewer that only enters and does not go out. Stars float like dust in the room. So what's outside the room?

Some scientists speculate that a white hole collides with a black hole to form a wormhole. Wormholes connect black and white holes, transporting matter between black and white holes. Here, the wormhole becomes an Albert Einstein-Rosen bridge, where matter is completely disintegrated into elementary particles at the singularity of the black hole, and then transported through this wormhole (the Albert Einstein-Rosen Bridge) to the white hole and radiated out.

The concept of wormholes was first developed in the study of Schwarzschild solutions. When physicists analyzed the solution of the white hole, through an Albert Einstein thought experiment, they discovered that the universe itself can not be flat.

If a star forms a black hole, then space-time is perpendicular to the original space-time in the Schwarzschild radius, which is the event horizon. In the uneven space-time of the universe, this structure means that the part within the event horizon of the black hole will combine with another part of the universe and create a hole there.

This hole can be either a black hole or a white hole. And this curved horizon is called Schwarzschild throat, and it is a specific kind of wormhole.