When the morning sun returned to this land, Hua Feng and the others began to study the six paths.

Six ways and six pleasures. That is, the world in which all living beings are interested in according to their karma. Namely: Heavenly Dao, Humanity, Asura Path, Animal Path, Hungry Ghost Path, Hell Path, among them, Heavenly Dao, Humanitarian, Asura Dao is the Three Good Paths, Animal Dao, Hungry Ghost Dao, and Hell Dao are the Three Evil Paths.

The six realms of Buddhism refer to the path of heaven, humanity, the path of asuras, the path of animals, the path of hungry ghosts, and the path of hell.

Buddhism believes that the secular world is made up of the so-called six realms, in which sentient beings are constantly reincarnated. These six realms are: Heavenly Path, Humanity, Asura Path, Animal Path, Hungry Ghost Path, and Hell Path, among which Heavenly Path, Humanity, and Asura Path are the three pleasures, Animal Path, Hungry Ghost Path, and Hell Path are the three evil realms.

Hell Road:

The name hell appears in many Buddhist scriptures, most commonly in the Rishiro Abhidhamma (Sanskrit niraya or naraka), which means a place where there is no joy or merit. In the New Naraka, it is called "naraka" (Sanskrit), which means that there is no joy or joy. From the paraphrase, it can be seen that the Hell Dao is the most bitter of the six realms of the Desire Realm, because the sentient beings here not only do not have a trace of joy, but also suffer from all kinds of torture. (The Hell Dao is the most bitter realm of the six realms of the Desire Realm)

For example, in the living hell (also known as the hell of thinking), sentient beings suffer from being cut, stabbed, grinded, and pounded, and their skin is torn open and their flesh is torn apart, and they suffer to death, and when their bodies are blown by the cold wind, their wounds heal, their bodies come back to life, and they suffer again and again, and so on, until their karma is exhausted, and they can get out of this painful hell. Moreover, the life span of the beings in hell is very long, and when they are sinned, they really cannot survive or die.

According to Master Yinshun in The Path to Buddhahood, hell can be divided into four main categories:

Hungry Ghost Road

According to the Yogis, there are three kinds of obstacles to eating and drinking:

External obstacles: This kind of hungry ghost is often hungry and thirsty, so he has a messy face, and his face is black, and his mouth is dry and burnt, and he can only lick his mouth with his tongue, although he runs around begging for food, the water in the pool he sees turns into pus and blood and cannot be drunk.

Internal cataracts: These hungry ghosts have a thin throat like a needle, a mouth as large as a torch, and a bulging belly like a mountain, but even when they are given food, they cannot swallow because of the thin throat.

No obstacles: Although there is no obstacle to the diet of these hungry ghosts, no matter what kind of food they receive, they will burn into a fire and still suffer from hunger and thirst.

This is because the good and bad karma created in previous lives is different, and the retribution received in the path of hungry ghosts will also be different. If the living conditions of the ghosts are rich and poor, they can be roughly divided into two categories: the ghosts without the ghosts are very poor, and the ghosts with the ghosts are very rich. The "Treatise on Great Wisdom" also refers to ghosts who suffer from hunger and thirst as "hungry ghosts" according to the different blessings, and ghosts who have virtue and can enjoy many pleasures as "evil ghosts".

Animal Road:

For human beings, although there are cute and unlovable, or there are so-called harmful and beneficial differences, but on the whole, their main quality is more bitter than happy, as recorded in the "Past and Present Cause and Effect Sutra", they are not only born with ugly appearances, but also because the bones, flesh, tendons, horns, skin, teeth, hair, and feathers on their bodies are regarded as "treasures" by human beings, and are captured and killed; or are caught by human beings to carry heavy burdens, so that they are hungry, thirsty, and tired; The torture of bondage, or even hurting each other, in a situation of fear and confusion.

In addition, because they are not highly intelligent, or even have only nervous reactions, they are unable to understand the Dharma, and they do not even have the opportunity to practice, so they can only wait for the end of their lives to follow the karmic power of their lives.

In terms of categories and quantities, the animal path is the largest category among the six realms, and the "Dharma Sutra" even points out that there are as many as 3.4 billion species of animals, which is beyond the scope of human imagination. And these categories of many sentient beings, each other's appearance, posture is very different, diet, living habits are also different, by the range of activities, can be divided into land, air and water three categories, according to the habits of life, can be classified as day, night and day and night three kinds.

The animal path is sometimes called "side birth", and if transliterated from Sanskrit, it is also called "tiryanc". The name of the beast refers to the fact that they are often kept by people, but in fact, they cover much more than that, and even extend to all kinds of incredible heavenly realms, hells, and supernatural places in the heavens and the earth. The meaning of paragenal life is that their shape is different from that of human uprightness, and the way of walking and lifestyle are also sideways and horizontal. Their lifespans vary as many species as they are, ranging from those as short as mayflies to those as long as dragonkings.

In response to such a complex variety, the Buddhist scriptures also record a variety of karmic causes. Some of these causes are common to the three evil realms, such as animals, evil spirits, and hells, while others are simply animals. For example, the "Sutra of the Elders of Arguments" points out the "five animal things" that will lead to the way of animal life, including frequent theft, non-repayment of debts, penchant for killing, dislike of hearing scriptures, and fabricating various causes to hinder others' ways.

Humanitarian:

According to the Buddhist scriptures, people live in four continents: Dongsheng Shenzhou, West Niuhe Continent, South Zhanbu Continent, and North Julu Continent. In the Sutra of Chang Ahan, it is stated that the center of the world is Mount Meru, surrounded by the Seven Golden Mountains, and beyond the Seven Golden Mountains is the vast Aral Sea, where the four continents are scattered. The four continents are inhabited by different human beings, completely isolated from each other and incommunicado with each other. We, the human beings on the earth, live in Nanzhan Buzhou, also known as "Yan Futi". People on the four continents have their own characteristics. The descriptions of the four continents are scattered in the classics such as the "Chang A Han Sutra", "Lou Tan Sutra", "The Theory of the Establishment of the World", "The Treatise on Kusha", and "The Sutra of the Creation of Heaven and Earth". There is no sorrow or weeping about the difference between superior and inferior races, but this is a place that is regarded as one of the eight tribulations in Buddhism, because there is only pure materialistic enjoyment and no noble spiritual life.

The biggest characteristic of our people in the southern Zhanbu continent is that they have countless desires, so they can create all kinds of good and bad karma, but because they also have the ability to think and be ashamed, so they can practice, of course, the most important thing is because human beings have the three characteristics of remembrance, Brahmanism, and courage. The outward form is the willingness to sacrifice oneself for the benefit of others, the willpower and perseverance to endure all kinds of suffering, and the courage to show the spirit of the "bodhisattva path" that can be done in difficulty, can endure the unbearable, and can endure the unbearable.

And among the six realms, there are only people who can really develop bodhicitta and practice bodhisattva behavior, which shows how precious it is to be born in humanity, so there is a saying in the 32nd volume of the Nirvana Sutra: "The human body is rare, like an epiphany."

What's more, only one person can meditate, become a monk, take vows, practice, live and die, and become a Buddha. Therefore, although the human world is full of all kinds of suffering, through the practice of the human body, we can also turn our troubles into bodhi, turn our suffering into joy, and the Pure Land can also be manifested in the human world.

However, for most people, in the face of the fact that the world's population is constantly increasing, and the global population is now more than 5 billion people, one cannot help but ask: "Is it rare to have a human life?"

There is a story in the "Chinese Ahama Sutra" that illustrates the difficulty of reincarnating as a human being, just like a blind turtle in the vast ocean, to just meet a piece of driftwood, this driftwood must have a small hole in it, such opportunities are very rare, and the turtle's head has to just stick out from the driftwood hole, such an opportunity can really be said to be more difficult, in the classics it is used to describe the rarity of the human body.

So how can we be reborn as a human being? According to the "Theory of Enlightenment: The Six Qualities of Karma", human beings are reborn because they have created humane karma in past lives. Regarding the karmic causes of the reborn in the human world, in the 37th volume of the Sutra of Miscellaneous Aham: "If one does not do good karma, he will be born in hell, and if he is reborn in the future, he will suffer all kinds of suffering, and if he does ten good deeds, he will be born in heaven, and then he will be free from all difficulties in rebirth." Therefore, the "Lotus Chinese Verses" says: "The five precepts are human beings, and the ten virtues are born in heaven." "If you can observe the five precepts in your past life and follow them for the rest of your life, you will be rewarded with the fruits of human interest in your next life.

Asura Path:

The asura path, which is known for his belligerence, has no virtue because of his good fortune, and some say that he is only included in the ghost and god, or fallen celestials, and Northern Buddhism classifies him in the good path, while Southern Buddhism classifies him in the evil path.

Originally one of the ancient gods of India, the Asura was regarded as an evil god and belonged to the fierce and aggressive spirit gods, who often fought with Shakti. Just as the Sanskrit translation of Asura means "non-heaven", his karma is extraordinary, and he can live as blissfully as a celestial man, but he does not have the virtue of a celestial man, and his nature is intriguing.

Asura is also known as the god of non-drinking, and there is an allusion. It is said that the asuras, who lived at the bottom of the sea, were originally very fond of drinking, but because they drank sake made from seawater, which always tasted salty and bitter, they vowed never to drink again.

Those who are reborn as an asura, although they have not committed great evil deeds in their past lives, are very contemptuous and very proud, and either look down on others or are jealous that others are better than themselves. The Sutra of Karmic Causes and Differences lists the ten karmic causes, including the subtle evils of the body, the verbal deeds, the intention of the subtle evils, the arrogance, the slowness of the self, the slowness of the increase, the slowness of the beginning, the slowness of the initiation, the slowness of the initiation of evil, and the return to the roots of goodness.