In the following time, Hua Feng learned more about the six paths.

Directly below the second of the six realms of reincarnation is the "Hell Path", which is engraved with a pitch-black hell gate, and a horse-faced jailer is about to throw a "sinner" into a pot of oil. This way is a place where all sufferings gather, and it is extremely miserable.

On the right side of the "Hell Road" is the Hungry Ghost Road, where the hungry ghost is carved with a person in his hand and bites his head. The hungry ghosts in this path are the most bitter of all the ghosts, not only are they hungry all the time, but they are rare to eat for thousands of years, and even if they do, they will be immediately burned by the fierce fire and burned to ashes. On the left side of the "Hell Road" is the "Animal Road", carving a lion, a cow and a horse to be driven by others and eat each other. This is where all animals gather.

The third layer of the statue expresses the basic content of the "Twelve Causes and Conditions", that is, showing the causes and "names" of the suffering of sentient beings.

A Rakshasa general is engraved in the small round niche in the middle above the third floor. Dressed in a military uniform and holding a sword, he sat on his lap and sat on his chest. The following is engraved in the anti-clockwise direction: an old man sits leisurely with a tiled wheel next to him, an ape sits on his knees, a fisherman holds a boat to catch fish, a practitioner meditates and meditates, and a man and woman rub their hands against each other.

A woman stands and the man who wants to sit speaks, a mother holds a baby in her arms, a young man kicks a clay pot and beats an old woman, a court official looks angry, a pregnant woman, a waiter supports an old man, a sick man is in a coffin, two women hold the coffin and weep bitterly, two men and women sit and talk with a sad face, a man hides his face with his hands and is sad, a woman carries a child on her back and bids farewell to the man, and a man holds the reins and leads the horse without riding.

These statues in turn show the 12 links of life that are mutually conditional or mutually causal in the "Twelve Causes and Conditions", such as "ignorance, action, knowledge, fame, six places, touch, receiving, loving, taking, being, birth, old age (sickness) and death, sorrow and suffering".

In order to more vividly illustrate the specific process of the cycle of life and death, the fourth layer is divided into 18 grids, each of which is carved out of the image of the reincarnation of living beings in a sleeve like a tile. Starting from the "Heavenly Dao", the counterclockwise direction is: human head and human tail, human head and animal tail (Heavenly Dao), wolf head and human tail, bull head and animal tail, lion head and animal tail (Asura Dao), poultry head and animal tail, animal head and snake tail (animal and animal path), horse head and snake tail (animal and animal path), horse head and snake tail (Hell Road), human head and animal tail, animal head and animal tail (hungry ghost road), pig head and animal tail, dragon head and human tail, bird head and animal tail (human), etc., which may indicate the image of life and death.

After a person dies, they go through a transition called the "bardo" and then reincarnate again. The scope of reincarnation is within the six realms, namely the Heavenly Path, the Human Path, the Shura Path, the Hell Path, the Hungry Ghost Path, and the Animal Path. Rebirth among the three realms of heaven, man, and assura has less suffering, so they are collectively called the "Three Good Paths." In hell, hungry ghosts, and animal realms, there is great suffering, so they are collectively called the "Three Evil Realms."

The so-called six paths of liberation are said:

Confucianism was the mainstream of Chinese culture in the past dynasties, and Confucianism took ethics and morality as the essence of Chinese culture. Confucianism criticized Buddhists for cutting their love and resigning from their relatives, shaving their hair, burning their bones and cutting their flesh, and still committing great unfilial piety to monks.

However, under the six realms of reincarnation, your wife may be your mother in your previous life, your father's wife may be your wife in your previous life, and your dog may be your husband in your previous life. And the meat that people eat may be blood relatives for many lifetimes. In this way, all living beings and souls may be your parents and relatives in your past lives. As Patriarch Zhigong said: weird, weird, grandson marries grandmother. The pig and sheep sit on the kang and cook in the pot of six relatives. The woman eats her mother's flesh, and the son beats his father's skin drum. Everyone came to congratulate, I think it's really bitter!

However, in the face of Confucian accusations, Buddhism made compromises and integrations on the one hand, preaching the idea of the unity of abstinence and filial piety, and combining reincarnation with filial piety. By describing the hellish sufferings that will be suffered by the unfilial and the heavenly blessings that the filial piety will receive, the Buddhist scriptures warn the world to respect the Three Jewels and be filial to their parents. Later, the idol worship of Guanyin, who sent the child, fused Buddhism and Confucianism's idea of "unfilial piety, three nothings, and the queen is great".

On the other hand, it is believed that the purpose of Confucianism is to provide for the parents in this world, so that their parents can be happy in this world, and there is no shortage of food and clothing, and then they will glorify their ancestors. And only the filial piety of Buddhism in the world is the real great filial piety, and it is eternal filial piety.

This is because the filial piety of Buddhism requires that parents be guided to learn Buddhism, so that they can cut off the karmic flow of ignorance and afflictions, get rid of the suffering of the six realms of reincarnation, and realize the ultimate happiness of nirvana.

A few days later, the study of the six paths finally ended. At the same time, the learning of the world began.

Universe is an astronomical term. The broad definition of the universe is the general term for all things, the unity of time and space. The narrow definition of the universe is space and matter beyond the Earth's atmosphere.

The definition of "cosmos" in "cosmonautical" is the definition of "cosmos" in the narrow sense, and cosmonautics means to sail in space beyond the atmosphere.

As for the nature of the universe, there are roughly three concepts.

The universe of consciousness of the idealist, the material universe of the materialist, and the universe of law.

The definition of the universe in ancient times is the "Huainanzi" of the Western Han Dynasty: "In ancient times, it was called the universe, and the four directions were called the universe."

Through the observation of cosmic microwave background radiation, it has been found that our universe has expanded by 13.82 billion years, and the latest research believes that the diameter of the universe can reach 96 billion light years, or even larger.

Some of the objects in the universe as observed by humans are made up of about 4.9% ordinary matter (the matter that makes up stars, planets, gases, and dust) or "baryons", 26.8% dark matter, and 68.3% dark energy. Baryonic matter makes up the "spider webs" of intergalaxies.

Dark matter and dark energy indicate their existence by their gravitational attraction on ordinary matter and the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, respectively. If dark energy were not present, then the gravitational pull between matter would slow down the expansion of the universe, but astronomical observations show that our universe is doing an accelerated expansion motion. The universe is made up of all celestial bodies.

From Ancient to Modern:

The ancient Chinese once put forward the theory of covering the sky, Xuanye and Hun Tian, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a legend of Chang'e running to the moon, and the Han Dynasty scholar Zhang Heng also put forward the concept of the infinite universe of "the surface of the universe is infinite, and the end of the universe is infinite". The Hun Tian theory believes that the shape of heaven and earth is like an egg, and the relationship between heaven and earth is like an egg shell wrapped in egg yolk. Zhang Heng believes that the theory of armillary heaven is more in line with the reality of observation.

In the 7th century BC, the Babylonians believed that the heavens and the earth were arched, that the earth was surrounded by the sea, and that in its center were high mountains.

The ancient Egyptians imagined the universe as a big box with the sky as the lid and the earth as the bottom, with the Nile River in the center of the earth.

The ancient Jews believed that the earth was the center of the universe, surrounded by a circle of planets, and beyond that, the rest of the celestial bodies were scattered. There is a stationary celestial sphere, and within it, the planets are in their own places, and they are constantly rotating.

The Earth turned out to be approximately circular

It was the ancient Greeks who first recognized that the earth was spherical. In the 6th century B.C., Pythagoras started from the aesthetic concept, believing that the most beautiful of all three-dimensional figures is the spherical shape, and advocated that the celestial bodies and the earth are approximately spherical. This idea was inherited by many later ancient Greek scholars and confirmed by Magellan's circumnavigation of the world in the early 17th century.

Geocentrism, heliocentrism, and the law of gravitation:

In the 2nd century AD, C. Ptolemy proposed the geocentric theory of the world's first model of planetary systems. The Earth is at the center of the universe. From the Earth outward, there are the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, orbiting the Earth in their own circular orbits. To illustrate the inhomogeneity of planetary motion, it is proposed that the planets revolve around their center in the current wheel, and the center of the current wheel revolves around the earth along the average wheel.

In 1543, N. Copernicus's "Treatise on the Movement of the Celestial Sphere" formally put forward the "heliocentric theory".

It is believed that the sun is the center of the planetary system, and that all planets revolve around the sun. The Earth is also a planet that rotates like a spinning top on its top and orbits the Sun like other planets. In medieval Europe, Ptolemy's geocentric theory was dominant because it met the needs of theocratic theory.

In order to defend heliocentrism, many people with lofty ideals fought against the dark theocratic ruling forces one after another, paying the price of blood.

In 1609, J. Kepler's three laws revealed that the earth and the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit, developing the heliocentric theory and laying the foundation for Newton's law of universal gravitation. After Lipsey invented the telescope in 1608, Galileo immediately modified it and pointed it to the sky.

In 1610, Galileo published the epoch-making book "The Star Messenger", the hazy Milky Way turned out to be an endless sea of stars, the bright moon was covered with craters, the brilliant sun did not know that there would be sunspots, and the phase change of Venus and the four moons of Jupiter are precisely the most reliable evidence of heliocentrism.

In 1687, I. Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, which gave Copernicus's theory a more solid scientific foundation.

The birth of the astronomical telescope brought about the first revolution in astronomy. With the advent and improvement of observation and analysis instruments such as astronomical telescopes, mankind's understanding of the universe has become clearer and richer. Every development and breakthrough of telescopes has promoted major discoveries in astronomy and a leap in mankind's understanding of the universe, had a significant impact on mathematics, physics and other natural sciences, and promoted the process of human civilization.

Life slowly turns with the river of time, tirelessly, and seemingly endless. Hua Feng was on the platform outside the dungeon, looking at the starry sky in the sky, feeling the emptiness on the ice field, and his heart drifted away.

I don't know when I'll be able to end it all and do something that I once longed for, not just to survive. Hua Feng silently revered in his heart.